Page numbers in italics denotes an illustration/figure
A
aerial image projection: and DIY optical printer 241–4, 241–5
Agfachrome 180
Alhazen 283
amp probes 134
Anderson, Benedict 394
Anger, Kenneth: Fireworks 9
Ann Arbor Film Festival 51, 291; (2010) 28
artist-run film laboratories 225–6
Ascher, Bob 41–2, 42; Bar Yohai 43; Blue 43; Golem 44
audio jumper cables 116
Avant Garde IV DVD 34
avant-garde film 6, 8, 63–4, 319, 320
B
Battista della Porta, Giovanni 283
Bauer, Katherine: ‘Machine Gut’ 330
BB Optics 108
Beebe, Roger 106, 339, 344–5, 353, 359; AAAAA Motion Picture 356; biography 352–3; Composition in Red & Yellow 356; Congratulations 356; Famous Irish Americans 356; interview with 353–60; S A V E 356; The Strip Mall Trilogy 355, 356; TB TX DANCE 341, 341, 355
Behrens, Christophe 365
Bell & Howell 70, 238, 247, 294, 315
Biafra, Jello 8
black and white developer 149
black and white hand-processing 141–75; alternative black and white film stock 157; bucket processing method 146–7, 147; developing the film 165–6; general processing equipment 148–50; jam it in the can method 146, 147; last notes on 166; negative 141, 142, 142, 147–52; pushing and pulling motion picture film 157–8; reversal/positive 141–2, 142, 143, 152–5; sepia redeveloper 159–60, 159; and solarization 158; tools and space needed 143–7; use of Liquid Light 160–5
bleach 18–21; Kodak SR-7 ferricyanide 185; reversal 154, 155
bleach pens 19
blue screen 70
Bolex 71, 74, 78, 82–6, 89, 239, 243, 248, 250, 292, 293, 357
Bourque, Louise 23
Brakhage, Stan 9, 35–6, 59; Glaze of Cathexis 36; Mothlight 53; A Moving Picture Giving and Taking Book 36; Panels for the Walls of Heaven 36
Brand, Bill 72, 73, 99–110, 99; Angular Momentum 104; biography 100; Chuck Will’s Window 96; Coalfields 106; interview with 100–10; Masstransiscope 100, 107; Moment 102, 104; Still at Work 104; Zip Tone Cat Tune 102
Briz, Nick 391
Brown, Bill 358
Brundert, Dagie 203, 210, 210, 289, 290, 291; Alvarado/Sunset 290; biography of 211; flower recipe 215; interview with 211–15; Zauberwald - Magic Wood 291
bucket processing method 146–7, 147
Butler, Brad: Untitled 320–1, 321
C
Cage, John 118, 119; 4′33″ 347
camera obscura 283
cameraless filmmaking 217–32; contact printing by hand 222–4; contact printing with rewinds and sync block 220–2, 221; half-process 224–5; ray-o-grams 217, 219–20, 220, 222
Cates, Jon 391
Cavell, Stanley 239
Cinema Nova 195
circuit bending 132
Clair, René: Entr’acte 337
coffee process (caffenol) 197–9, 200–1, 211–12
Collins, Nicholas: Handmade Electronic Instruments 128; Handmade Electronic Music 121
color film: anatomy of 179, 180
color hand-processing 177–96; negative (C-41) 179, 187–90; reversal (E-6) 179, 180–7, 190
Comerford, Tom 118, 135, 291, 296, 358; biography of 314; Cinema Obscura 314; Départ 315, 316; Fey Eyes Pin Holes Drums Hum 315; Figures in the Landscape 291, 292, 314; ILLA CAMERA OBSCVRA 315; interview with 314–17; Pinhole Notes 297–310
communitas 395
condenser microphones 121–6, 122, 123
Conner, Bruce: Arachne 7; A Movie 8; REPORT 8
contact printing 217; by hand 222–4; with rewinds and sync block 220–2, 221
continuity tester 134
Cook, Lauren 226–7, 339, 358; Altitude Zero 11, 11, 229; HandMade 229; interview with 227–32; PXXXL 226, 227, 227, 229–30, 231
Cornell, Joseph 6–7; Rose Hobart 7, 7
Cossman, Steve 29–32, 106; Forever Friends 31; TUSSLEMUSCLE 11–13, 12, 14, 28, 29, 30; WHITE CABBAGE 29, 30
Curwood, Kenneth Zoran: DIY optical printer with aerial image projection 241–4, 241–4, A Young Colossus 245
D
da Vinci, Leonardo 283
Dali, Salvador 7
Damonte, Devon 49, 54, 55, 339, 344; Auroroborous 59; interview with 56–66; Stalking the Wild Washi 64
Daniel, Bill 358
darkroom 143, see also cameraless filmmaking
data compression 365–6, 366, 367
David, Sky 263
Dead Kennedys 8
Dean, Tacita 2, 106, 322; FILM 322
Debord, Guy 8; Society of the Spectacle 8
Dery, Jo 61
destructive techniques see film-destroy
developers: C-41 188; color 184–5; heating 28; Josh Lewis’s recipe 194–5; Kodak D-94 153; Kodak D-96 149; Kodak SC-50 color 185; prepackaged black and white 149
developing tank 143–5; Lomo 144–5, 145, 165; Morse 144, 144, 150, 199
digital pinhole camera 296, 311–13
DIY optical printing see optical printing/printer (DIY)
Donaldson, Jeff 364
Dornieden, Anja: Oro Parece 224
Double Negative (Montreal) 321, 395
Dreyer, Carl: Vampyr 314
Duchamp, Marcel 6
Dunn, Linwood 71
E
E-6 substitute process 182–7, 188
East of Borneo (film) 7
Echo Park Film Center (Los Angeles) 214
eco hand-processing 197–216; and caffenol 197–9, 200–1, 211–12; Dagie’s flower recipe 215; disposing of spent fixer 207–8; grassenol 201, 202–4; kartoffel (potato caffenol) 204–5; salt fixer 206–7; tinting with vegetables and fruits 208–10; winenol (wine caffenol) 205–6
Ektachrome 180
electricity 115
Emerson College 135, 137, 177, 178, 234
emulsion/frame orientation 37
Eros, Bradley 326
Execution of Mary, Queen of Scots, The 69
expanded cinema 354
exposure: and optical printing/printer 97, 98
F
f-stop: and pinhole camera 288
farmer’s reducer 152
Fielding, Raymond: The Techniques of Special Effects Cinematography 233–4
Fields, Jahiliyya 29
film: anatomy of color 179, 180; anatomy of 141–3; as installation 319–36; as performance 337–61
film stocks 97, 141–2, 148, 178, 179; alternative black and white 157; and optical printing 97
film-create 33–68; drawing 41–4; letraset 50–1; painting 33, 34–41; printing onto film 54–5; process 45; rubbings 49–50, 60; soundtrack 45–7; stamping 47–8; stickers/tape/contact paper 53–4, 54; transfers from plastic bags 51–3, 52
film-destroy 5–32, 33; and bleach 18–21; chemical experiments 26–8; dyeing film naturally 26; letting nature take its course 23–6; making a film loop 17–18; process 17; reticulation 27–8; scratching 9–13, 17, 28; sodium carbonate 21–2; splicers 16–17; toning with chemicals 26; tools required 15–17
Filters: and optical printing/printer 97, 97
fixers 149–50, 206; disposing of spent 207–8; Kodak F-5 149–50; salt 206–7
Fonseca, David 345
food coloring 38
found-footage collage 5–8, 11–12
Frampton, Hollis 107
Freyer, Sasha Waters 226
Frye, Brian 326; Oona’s Veil 23–6, 25, 326
G
Gallagher, Kelly 358
gallery work 319–36; loop/loopers 320–1, 320; and Perlin 331–6; and Schlemowitz 326–31
Gardner, Robert 239
Gatten, David 23
Geertz, Clifford 393
gift economy 64
Gioli, Paolo 291
Glabicki, Paul 263
glitches/glitch art 363–92; data compression 365–6, 366, 367; data editing 375–8; data manipulation 366–75; definition and origin of word 363; forced and pure 364; history 364; hot and cool 365, 375; and Meaney 388–92; slide scanning 363, 364; step-by-step overview of glitching an image 378–84; step-by-step overview of glitching a movie 385–7; things you need 378
Great Train Robbery, The 70
Griffin, George 263
Guzman, Adaliz 147
H
hacking kids’ toys 128–32; circuit bending 132; circuit board 129–30; components of toys 129–30, 130; creating leads 131; kits 132; things not to hack 128
Hall, James Baker 110
hand-cranked cameras 70
hand-processing: black and white 141–75; color 177–96; eco 197–216
Handmade Film Institute 166, 167
Haraway, Donna 389
headphones: and microphones 114–15, 115
Heemskerk, Joan 364
Hi-con 95, 172, 177, 218; Kodak 7363 78, 95, 157, 160, 172
Hoolboom, Michael 177
Hurt, Will 365
I
imagined communities 394
imagined geographies 394
India ink 38
inks 38
installation see gallery work
J
Jacobs, Ken: Nervous Magic Lantern Performances 339; Nervous System Performances 339; Star Spangled Death 8, 9; Tom, Tom the Piper’s Son 102
jam it in the can method 146, 147
Jameson, Fredric 356
JK optical printer 72, 73, 75, 233, 246; basic checks before shooting 81–2; bellows/lens 74–6; camera 74; changing film format/film speed 90–1; checklist 91–2; cleaning camera and projector 82; components of 73–80; focusing the diopter on the Bolex 82–3; focusing of 83–5, 84; lamp 77–8; loading camera with film 85–6; loading the projector 86–9; magazine 79–80, 80; projector 76, 76; rails 79; sequence for loading the camera 89; sequencer 78–9, 79
Joritz, Cathy: Give AIDS the Freeze 9; Negative Man 9, 10
July, Miranda 360
K
Kahl Film 181
kartoffel (potato caffenol) 204–5
Keeney, Chris: Pinhole Cameras 311
kids’ toys, hacking of see hacking kids’ toys
Kodachrome 180
Kodak 178, 18; D-94 developer 153; D-96 developer 149; E-6 process 181–2; F-5 fixer 149–50; Hi-con 7363 film stock 78, 95, 157, 160, 172; R-9 black and white reversal bleach 154; SC-50 color developer 185; SR-7 ferricyanide bleach 185; 7266 (Tri-X) 152, 153, 157, 160
L
L’Abominable (Paris) 195, 195, 225–6, 395
Lawder, Standish 239
Le Grice, Malcolm: Horror Film 337
Leaf, Carline: Two Sisters 9–10, 10
LeMaster, Christy 391
LeTourneau, Alain 358
Lewis, Josh 106, 190, 191–6; Doubt 190, 194
Lockhart, Sharon 319
Lomo tank processing 144–5, 145, 165
Lye, Len 34, 59, 60, 62–3; Free Radicals 9; Trade Tattoo 34
M
McCarthy, John 147
McClure, Bruce 358
McCormick, Matt 358
Mack, Jodie 64
McLaren, Norman 34, 34–5, 41–2; Begone Dull Care 35; Blinkity Blank 9, 35; Pen Point Percussion 35, 45
McWilliams, Matt: code for printer 265–80; DIY optical printer + open-source code 246–54; interview with 246–54; Produce 245
magazine (JK optical printer) 79–80, 80
Man with a Movie Camera 70
Man Ray 28, 217, 225; Emak Bakia 217; La Retour à la Raison 217, 230
Meaney, Evan 363, 366, 388–92; Ceibas Cycle 390, 391
Menkman, Rosa 365, 375, 391; Vernacular of File Formats 370, 378
microphones 113–26, 133–4; binaural 138–40; condenser 121–6, 122, 123; contact 118–21; and headphones 114–15, 115; light mic 126–8, 129; and speakers 115–18, 117; and transducer 114
Microscope Gallery (Brooklyn) 328, 329
Miller, Peter 344–5, 345–6; biography of 346; Fulcrum 351–2, 351, 352; interview with 346–52; projectionism 350
Minty, Pam 358
Mirza, Karen: Untitled 320–1, 321
Mitchells 237
mold: distressing films with 23
Mono No Aware 28, 29, 30–1, 194, 394, 395, 396
Monroy, Juan: Oro Parece 224
Moradi, Iman 364
Moreau, Jeanne 59
Morrison, Bill: Decasia 23
Murphy, JJ: Print Generation 365
Murray, Julie: and DIY optical printer 238–41, 239, 240; If You Stand with Your Back to the Slowing of the Speed of Light in Water 239, 241
Museum of Modern Art (New York) 322
mushroom dyes 208
N
Nanian, John 208
Nash, Graham 351
national film archive (US) 6
nature: destruction of film through 23–6
negative black and white hand-processing 141, 142, 142, 147–52
negative color hand-processing 179, 187–90
Neubauer, Bärbel 59
Nolan, Christopher: Memento 355
O
O’Neill, Pat 71, 234, 236; Water and Power 234, 235, 235
open-source code: and DIY optical printer (McWilliams) 246–54
optical printing/printer (DIY) 233–81; with aerial image projection (Curwood’s) 241–4, 241–4; basic components 237–8, 238; and Murray 238–41, 239; plus open-source code (McWilliams) 246–54; plus super-complicated matte work (Rose) 254–60; setting up camera to shoot film 237–8
optical printing/printer (JK) 69–111; avant-garde history 71–3; burning in titles 94–5, 94; changing film format/film speed 91–2; changing the gate 83; checklist 81–2, 91–2; cleaning camera and projector 82; definition 69; dissolves 93; and exposure 97, 98; film stocks 97; and filters 97, 97; focusing dioper on the Bolex 82–3; industrial history 69–71; JK components 73–80; loading camera with film 85–6; loading the projector 86–9, 87, 88; and major motion picture industry 233–7; optical effects 92–7; preparing for your shoot 80–1; sequence for loading the camera 89; setting the frame and focusing the JK 83–5, 84; superimposition 92–3; travelling mattes 95–6; zooms 93–4
Oregon Experimental Film Festival 64
ORWO 147–8; UN54 150, 152, 153
P
Paesmans, Dirk 364
painting 33, 34–41; application tools/techniques 40–1; emulsion/frame orientation 37; and gauge 36–7; inks and paints 38; resists 38, 40; sound speed 37; workspace/tools 37–8
Peoples, Alee 358
performance, film as 337–61; and Beebe 352–60; history 337–9; and Miller 346–52; practicum 344; shooting 16mm film in a 35mm camera 341–4; and slot-loading projectors 340, 340
Perlin, Jenny 331–6; Funes 334; A Thousand Sentences 332; Transcript 335
phantom power adapter 123–6, 124
Photographer’s Formulary 149, 152
Photoshop 159, 222, 286, 293, 295, 366–7, 368, 370, 378, 379, 389
piezo discs 118, 119, 120, 121, 133
pinhole camera 284–7; loading 287; making camera 286–7; making the pinhole 285–6; testing 287
pinhole cinematography 291–6, 297–310
pinhole photography 213, 283–317; digital/video 296, 311–13; image diameter/angle of view 288–9; making prints from your pinhole negatives 289–91; pinhole camera 284–7
plane mark 295
Plante, Mike 341
plastic bags: transfers from 51–3, 52
‘point right and go left’ Craig Baldwin theory 8
Porter, Edwin S. 70
potentiometer 132
Povey, Thad 51
printing: contact see contact printing; onto film 54–5; step 90–1
process photography 70
projectors 76, 76; cleaning 82; loading 86–9; and optical printing (DIY) 237; slot-loading 17, 37, 40, 340, 340
Q
Quall, Donald 197
R
rails 79
Ramey, Kathryn: Endless Present 158, 159, 177, 254; fall 177; the passenger 96, 177; Razed by Wolves 72, 177; Story of Sarah 26, 27, 71, 177; Yanqui WALKER and the OPTICAL REVOLUTION 73, 135, 147, 177, 187
Randlette, Peter 57
ray-o-grams 160, 217, 219–20, 220, 222
Reble, Jürgen 23
redeveloper, sepia 159–60, 159
Reeves, Jennifer 36; Fear of Blushing 36; The Girl’s Nervy 36
Renner, Eric: Pinhole Photography 315
Renwick, Vanessa 358
RepRap project 246
resist technique 19–21, 34, 36, 38, 40
reversal black and white hand-processing 141–2, 142, 143, 152–5
reversal color hand-processing 179, 180–7, 190
Rice, Miriam Cohen 208
Robert Beck Memorial Cinema 326
Rogers, Johnny 364
Rose, Kathy 263
Rose, Peter 71, 99, 255; Analogies 257; DIY optical printer plus super-complicated matte work 254–60; Incantation 261; The Indeserian Tablets 264; interview with 260–4; The Man Who Could not See Far Enough 254, 258, 259, 260; Transfalumination 264
Ruby, Jay 254
Russell, Ben 339, 358; cloenda Xcèntric 340
S
Said, Edward 394
Sanguedolce, Steve 217
Satrom, Jon 391
Sauerwald, Frank 71
Schaller, Robert 162, 166–72, 182, 291; biography of 166–7; in Lightning Agnes 162, 163, 164; interview with 169–72; silver gelatin emulsion recipe 172–5; To the Beach 168
Schneemann, Carolee 54, 71, 322; Fuses 54; Plumb Line 71; Viet Flakes 337, 339
Schou, Paul 378
sequencers 78–9, 79, 89; K-103 78; K-105 78, 79; K-107/108 78–9, 79
Sharits, Paul 101, 107, 322, 323; Shutter Interface 323, 323
silver gelatin emulsion recipe 172–5
silver plating 26
situationalism 87
slot-loading projectors 17, 37, 40, 340, 340
Smith, Henry: Interwoven No.3 34, 36
Smool, Carl 62
soldering 119
sound 113–40; hacking kids’ toys 128–32; kits 132; and microphones 113–26; scavenging for parts 133–4; tweaking speakers 132–3; voltage and continuity testers 134
sound speed 37
soundtrack, drawing of 45–7; on black leader 46, 47; on clear leader 46–7
speakers: and microphones 115–18, 117; tweaking 132–3
spray paint 38
stop bath, C-41 188
Street, Mark 23
Sullivan, Chris 316
Suzuki, David 59
Szlam, Malena 321; Chronogram in Inexistent 321, 322; Una esfera 321
T
Tamburo, Nicholas 296
tape splicer 16
Taylor, Charlotte 358
Teal, Ariel 345
Tetenal 187
TextEdit/Photoshop .raw method 378–84
Thatcher, Anita 263
35mm camera, shooting 16mm film in 341–4
tinting 159; difference between toning and 208; with vegetables and fruits 208–10
Tobin Time Lapse & Animation Motor 253
Todd, Rob 349
toning/toners 26, 27, 159; difference between tinting and 208
Torossain, Gariné: Girl from Moush 10
Toscano, Mark 239
Town, Matt 330
tranfalumination (Peter Rose) 264
transducer 114
transfers: from plastic bags 51–3, 52
traveling mattes 95–6, 96, 234
Tscherkassky, Peter 217, 346; Outer Space 217
Tuohy, Richard 224
Turner, Victor 396
Tyson, John 324; Luziden 324, 325
U
Uman, Naomi: Hand Eye Coordination 53; Removed 18, 20
V
VanDerBeek, Stan 322, 354; Movie-Drome 337, 338, 339
vegetables, tinting with 208–10
Vertov, Dziga 70
video pinhole camera 296, 311–13
voltage tester 134
Vorkapich, Slavko 261
W
Walker, Melanie 170
Walley, Jonathan 354
Woloshen, Steven 23; Recipes for Reconstruction 217
X
X-Actos 15
Y
yeast, distressing film with 23
Youngblood, Gene 337
Z