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Book Description

Point and click your way to performing statistics!

Many people are intimidated by learning statistics, but A Gentle Introduction to Statistics Using SAS Studio is here to help. Whether you need to perform statistical analysis for a project or, perhaps, for a course in education, psychology, sociology, economics, or any other field that requires basic statistical skills, this book teaches the fundamentals of statistics, from designing your experiment through calculating logistic regressions. Serving as an introduction to many common statistical tests and principles, it explains concepts in a non-technical way with little math and very few formulas. Once the basic statistical concepts are covered, the book then demonstrates how to use them with SAS Studio and SAS University Edition’s easy point-and-click interface.

Topics included in this book are:

  • How to install and use SAS University Edition
  • Descriptive statistics
  • One-sample tests
  • T tests (for independent or paired samples)
  • One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA)
  • N-way ANOVA
  • Correlation analysis
  • Simple and multiple linear regression
  • Binary logistic regression
  • Categorical data, including two-way tables and chi-square
  • Power and sample size calculations

Questions are provided to test your knowledge and practice your skills.

Table of Contents

  1. About This Book
    1. What Does This Book Cover?
    2. Is This Book for You?
    3. What Should You Know about the Examples?
      1. Example Code and Data
      2. SAS University Edition
    4. Where Are the Exercise Solutions?
    5. We Want to Hear from You
  2. About The Author
  3. Acknowledgments
  4. Chapter 1: Descriptive and Inferential Statistics
    1. Overview
    2. Descriptive Statistics
    3. Inferential Statistics
    4. Summary of Statistical Terms
  5. Chapter 2: Study Designs
    1. Introduction
    2. Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trials
    3. Cohort Studies
    4. Case-Control Studies
    5. Conclusion
  6. Chapter 3: What Is SAS University Edition?
    1. Introduction
    2. How to Download SAS University Edition
    3. Conclusion
  7. Chapter 4: SAS Studio Tasks
    1. Introduction
    2. Using the Built-in Tasks
    3. Taking a Tour of the Navigation Pane
    4. Exploring the LIBRARIES Tab
    5. Conclusion
  8. Chapter 5: Importing Data into SAS
    1. Introduction
    2. Exploring the Utilities Tab
    3. Importing Data from an Excel Workbook
    4. Listing the SAS Data Set
    5. Importing an Excel Workbook with Invalid SAS Variable Names
    6. Importing an Excel Workbook That Does Not Have Column Headings
    7. Importing Data from a CSV File
    8. Shared Folders (Accessing Data from Anywhere on Your Hard Drive)
    9. Conclusion
  9. Chapter 6: Descriptive Statistics – Univariate Analysis
    1. Introduction
    2. Generating Descriptive Statistics for Continuous Variables
    3. Investigating the Distribution of Horsepower
    4. Adding a Classification Variable in the Summary Statistics Tab
      1. Computing Frequencies for Categorical Variables
    5. Creating a Filter Within a Task
    6. Creating a Box Plot
    7. Conclusion
    8. Chapter 6 Exercises
  10. Chapter 7: One-Sample Tests
    1. Introduction
    2. Getting an Intuitive Feel for a One-Sample t Test
    3. Performing a One-Sample t Test
    4. Nonparametric One-Sample Tests
    5. Conclusion
    6. Chapter 7 Exercises
  11. Chapter 8: Two-Sample Tests
    1. Introduction
    2. Getting an Intuitive Feel for a Two-Way t Test
    3. Unpaired t Test (t Test for Independent Groups)
    4. Describing a Two-Sample t Test
    5. Nonparametric Two-Sample Tests
    6. Paired t Test
    7. Conclusion
    8. Chapter 8 Exercises
  12. Chapter 9: Comparing More Than Two Means (ANOVA)
    1. Introduction
    2. Getting an Intuitive Feel for a One-Way ANOVA
    3. Performing a One-Way Analysis of Variance
    4. Performing More Diagnostic Plots
    5. Performing a Nonparametric One-Way Test
    6. Conclusion
    7. Chapter 9 Exercises
  13. Chapter 10: N-Way ANOVA
    1. Introduction
    2. Performing a Two-Way Analysis of Variance
    3. Reviewing the Diagnostic Plots
    4. Interpreting Models with Significant Interactions
    5. Investigating the Interaction
    6. Conclusion
    7. Chapter 10 Exercises
  14. Chapter 11: Correlation
    1. Introduction
    2. Using the Statistics Correlation Task
    3. Generating Correlation and Scatter Plot Matrices
    4. Correlations among Variables in the Fish Data Set
    5. Interpreting Correlation Coefficients
    6. Generating Spearman Non-Parametric Correlations
    7. Conclusion
    8. Chapter 11 Exercises
  15. Chapter 12: Simple and Multiple Regression
    1. Introduction
    2. Getting an Intuitive Feel for Regression
    3. Describing Simple Linear Regression
    4. Understanding How the F Value Is Computed
    5. Investigating the Distribution of the Residuals
    6. Measures of Influence
    7. Demonstrating Multiple Regression
    8. Running a Simple Linear Regression Model with Endurance and Pushups
    9. Demonstrating the Effect of Multi-Collinearity
    10. Demonstrating Selection Methods
    11. Using a Categorical Variable as a Predictor in Model
    12. Conclusion
    13. Chapter 12 Exercises
  16. Chapter 13: Binary Logistic Regression
    1. Introduction
    2. Describing the Risk Data Set
    3. Running a Binary Logistic Regression Model with a Single Predictor Variable
    4. A Discussion about Odds Ratios
    5. Editing SAS Studio-Generated Code
    6. Using a Continuous Variable as a Predictor in a Logistic Model
    7. Running a Model with Three Classification Variables
    8. Conclusion
    9. Chapter 13 Exercises
  17. Chapter 14: Analyzing Categorical Data
    1. Introduction
    2. Describing the Salary Data Set
    3. Computing One-Way Frequencies
    4. Creating Formats
    5. Producing One-Way Tables with Formats
    6. Reviewing Relative Risk, Odds Ratios, and Study Designs
    7. Creating Two-Way Tables
    8. Using Formats to Reorder the Rows and Columns of a Table
    9. Computing Chi-Square from Frequency Data
    10. Analyzing Tables with Low Expected Values
    11. Conclusion
    12. Chapter 14 Exercises
  18. Chapter 15: Computing Power and Sample Size
    1. Introduction
    2. Computing Sample Size for a t Test
    3. Calculating the Sample Size for a Test of Proportions
    4. Computing Sample Size for a One-Way ANOVA Design
    5. Conclusion
    6. Chapter 15 Exercises
  19. Odd-Numbered Exercise Solutions
    1. Chapter 6 Solutions
    2. Chapter 7 Solutions
    3. Chapter 8 Solutions
    4. Chapter 9 Solutions
    5. Chapter 10 Solutions
    6. Chapter 11 Solutions
    7. Chapter 12 Solutions
    8. Chapter 13 Solutions
    9. Chapter 14 Solutions
    10. Chapter 15 Solutions
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