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Book Description

Offering comprehensive coverage of this hot topic, this two-volume handbook and ready reference treats a wide range of important aspects, from synthesis and catalytic properties of carbon materials to their applications as metal-free catalysts in various important reactions and industrial processes.
Following a look at recent advances in the development of carbon materials as carbon-based metal-free catalysts, subsequent sections deal with a mechanistic understanding for the molecular design of efficient carbon-based metal-free catalysts, with a special emphasis on heteroatom-doped carbon nanotubes, graphene, and graphite. Examples of important catalytic processes covered include clean energy conversion and storage, environmental protection, and synthetic chemistry.
With contributions from world-leading scientists, this is an indispensable source of information for academic and industrial researchers in catalysis, green chemistry, electrochemistry, materials science, nanotechnology, energy technology, and chemical engineering, as well as graduates and scientists entering the field.

Table of Contents

  1. Cover
  2. Preface
  3. Volume I
  4. 1 Design Principles for Heteroatom‐Doped Carbon Materials as Metal‐Free Catalysts
    1. 1.1 Introduction
    2. 1.2 Basic Approaches for Catalyst Design
    3. 1.3 Design Principles for Electrocatalysis of Oxygen
    4. 1.4 Design Principles for Catalysis of Hydrogen Production
    5. Acknowledgments
    6. References
  5. 2 Design of Carbon‐Based Metal‐Free Electrocatalysts
    1. 2.1 Introduction
    2. 2.2 C‐MFECs for ORR
    3. 2.3 C‐MFECs for OER
    4. 2.4 C‐MFECs for HER
    5. 2.5 Bifunctional ORR/OER Electrocatalysts for Rechargeable Metal–Air Battery
    6. 2.6 Bifunctional HER/OER C‐MFECs for Full Water Splitting
    7. 2.7 C‐MFECs for CDR
    8. 2.8 Carbon‐Based Electrocatalysts for Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSCs)
    9. 2.9 Conclusions and Perspectives
    10. Acknowledgments
    11. References
  6. 3 Defective Carbons for Electrocatalytic Oxygen Reduction
    1. 3.1 Introduction
    2. 3.2 Defect‐Driven ORR Catalysts
    3. 3.3 Summary
    4. References
  7. 4 Designing Porous Structures and Active Sites in Carbon‐Based Electrocatalysts
    1. 4.1 Introduction
    2. 4.2 Porous Carbon as ORR Electrocatalysts
    3. 4.3 Porous Carbon for HER Applications
    4. 4.4 Summary and Conclusions
    5. Acknowledgments
    6. References
  8. 5 Porous Organic Polymers as a Molecular Platform for Designing Porous Carbons
    1. 5.1 Introduction
    2. 5.2 Porous Carbons Derived from Porous Aromatic Frameworks
    3. 5.3 Porous Carbons Derived from Conjugated Microporous Polymers
    4. 5.4 Porous Carbons Derived from Hyper‐Cross‐Linked Polymers
    5. 5.5 Porous Carbons Derived from Covalent Triazine Frameworks
    6. 5.6 Porous Carbons Derived from Covalent Organic Frameworks
    7. 5.7 Summary and Perspectives
    8. References
  9. 6 Nanocarbons from Synthetic Polymer Precursors and Their Catalytic Properties
    1. 6.1 Introduction
    2. 6.2 Carbon Catalysts Derived from Non‐templated Synthetic Polymers
    3. 6.3 Hard Templating of Polymer‐Derived Carbons
    4. 6.4 Soft Templated Carbons
    5. 6.5 Templating by Carbon/Polymer Hybrids
    6. 6.6 Polymer‐Derived Carbons as Catalysts
    7. 6.7 Conclusions and Outlook
    8. Acknowledgments
    9. References
  10. 7 Heteroatom‐Doped, Three‐Dimensional, Carbon‐Based Catalysts for Energy Conversion and Storage by Metal‐Free Electrocatalysis
    1. 7.1 Introduction
    2. 7.2 3D Carbon Catalysts for Oxygen Reduction Reaction (ORR)
    3. 7.3 Carbon‐Based 3D Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Evolution Reaction (OER)
    4. 7.4 Carbon‐Based 3D Electrocatalysts for Hydrogen Evolutions Reaction (HER)
    5. 7.5 Carbon‐Based 3D Electrocatalysts for Carbon Dioxide Reduction Reaction (CO2RR)
    6. 7.6 Carbon‐Based 3D Electrocatalysts for H2O2 Reduction (HPRR)
    7. 7.7 Conclusions and Perspectives
    8. Acknowledgments
    9. References
  11. 8 Active Sites in Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon Materials for Oxygen Reduction Reaction
    1. 8.1 Introduction
    2. 8.2 Debate for the Active Sites (Pyridinic‐N or Graphitic‐N?)
    3. 8.3 The Differences Between Pyridinic‐N and Graphitic‐N
    4. 8.4 Pyridinic‐N Creates the Active Sites for ORR
    5. 8.5 Role of Pyridinic‐N and Conjugation Size
    6. 8.6 Effect of the Local Structure Around Pyridinic‐N on ORR
    7. 8.7 ORR Selectivity in Acid and Basic Condition by DFT Study
    8. 8.8 Perspective and Future Directions for Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon Materials
    9. References
  12. 9 Unraveling the Active Site on Metal‐Free, Carbon‐Based Catalysts for Multifunctional Applications
    1. 9.1 Introduction
    2. 9.2 Electrochemical Reduction Reaction: Oxygen Reduction Reaction (ORR) and Hydrogen Evolution Reaction (HER)
    3. 9.3 Electrochemical Oxidation: Oxygen Evolution Reaction (OER)
    4. 9.4 Bifunctional ORR and OER Electrocatalyst
    5. 9.5 CO2 Reduction Reaction (CO2RR)
    6. 9.6 Identification of Possible Active Site by Poisoning
    7. 9.7 Summary
    8. References
  13. 10 Carbocatalysis: Analyzing the Sources of Organic Transformations
    1. 10.1 How to Identify Active Sites?
    2. 10.2 Oxygen Atoms in Carbon‐Driving Catalysis
    3. 10.3 Carbon–Carbon and Carbon–Nitrogen Coupling Catalyzed by Carbonaceous Materials
    4. 10.4 Acidic Sites at Nanocarbons for Carbocatalysis
    5. 10.5 Carbocatalysis with Carbon Holes and Edges
    6. 10.6 Frustrated Lewis Pairs in Nanocarbon Structures
    7. 10.7 Beyond Localized Chemical Functionality as the Active Site: Collective Solid‐State Effects in Catalysis
    8. 10.8 The Heterojunction and Dyad Concepts in Catalysis
    9. 10.9 Nitrogen, Sulfur, and Boron Doping to Construct Active Sites
    10. 10.10 Summary of the Current State of the Art of Carbocatalysis and Future Developments
    11. Acknowledgements
    12. References
  14. Volume II
  15. 1 Carbon‐Based, Metal‐Free Electrocatalysts for Renewable Energy Technologies
    1. 1.1 Introduction
    2. 1.2 Oxygen Reduction Reaction
    3. 1.3 Electrochemical Water Splitting (HER and OER)
    4. 1.4 Carbon‐Based Electrocatalysts for All‐Vanadium Redox Flow Battery
    5. References
  16. 2 Carbon‐Based, Metal‐Free Catalysts for Electrocatalysis of ORR
    1. 2.1 Introduction
    2. 2.2 Materials and Regulation Strategies
    3. 2.3 The Origin of the ORR Activity
    4. 2.4 Summary and Perspective
    5. References
  17. 3 Hydrothermal Carbon Materials for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction
    1. 3.1 Introduction
    2. 3.2 Sustainable HTC Catalysts for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction
    3. 3.3 Carbon–Carbon Composites Based Electrocatalysts
    4. 3.4 Summary and Conclusions
    5. References
  18. 4 Carbon‐Based Electrochemical Oxygen Reduction and Hydrogen Evolution Catalysts
    1. 4.1 Carbon Materials for Electrochemical Oxygen Reduction Catalysis
    2. 4.2 Carbon Materials for the Electrochemical Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
    3. 4.3 Conclusion, Summary, and Perspective
    4. Acknowledgment
    5. References
  19. 5 Carbon‐Based, Metal‐Free Catalysts for Photocatalysis
    1. 5.1 Introduction
    2. 5.2 Graphene‐Based, Metal‐Free Photocatalysis
    3. 5.3 Carbon‐quantum‐dot‐Based, Metal‐Free Photocatalysis
    4. 5.4 Graphitic Carbon‐Nitride‐Based, Metal‐Free Photocatalysis
    5. 5.5 Graphene/g‐C3N4 Metal‐Free Catalysts for Photocatalysis Metal‐Free Catalysts for Photocatalysis
    6. 5.6 CQDs/g‐C3N4 Metal‐Free Catalysts for Photocatalysis Metal‐Free Catalysts for Photocatalysis
    7. 5.7 Summary and Outlook
    8. References
  20. 6 Metal‐Free Nanoporous Carbons in Photocatalysis
    1. 6.1 Introduction
    2. 6.2 Semiconductor‐Free Nanoporous Carbons as Photocatalysts
    3. 6.3 Pollutant Confinement on the Porosity of the Nanoporous Carbons
    4. 6.4 Postulated Mechanisms
    5. 6.5 Photocatalytic Cycles
    6. 6.6 Summary and Conclusions
    7. Acknowledgments
    8. References
  21. 7 Functionalized Graphene‐Based, Metal‐Free Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Reduction Reaction in Fuel Cells
    1. 7.1 Introduction
    2. 7.2 Carbon Materials as ORR Electrocatalysts
    3. 7.3 Structurally Engineered Graphene as Metal‐Free Catalysts for ORR
    4. 7.4 Conclusions and Perspectives
    5. Acknowledgements
    6. References
  22. 8 Carbon‐Based, Metal‐Free Catalysts for Metal–Air Batteries
    1. 8.1 Introduction
    2. 8.2 Carbon‐Based, Metal‐Free Cathodes for Li–O2 Batteries
    3. 8.3 Carbon‐Based, Metal‐Free Cathodes for Na–Air Batteries
    4. 8.4 Carbon‐Based, Metal‐Free Cathodes for Zn–Air Batteries
    5. 8.5 Carbon‐Based, Metal‐Free Cathodes for Other Metal–Air Batteries
    6. 8.6 Conclusions and Perspectives
    7. Acknowledgments
    8. References
  23. 9 Carbon‐Based, Metal‐Free Catalysts for Chemical Catalysis
    1. 9.1 Introduction
    2. 9.2 Dehydrogenation
    3. 9.3 Oxidation Reactions
    4. 9.4 Reduction Reactions
    5. 9.5 Carbon–Carbon Coupling
    6. 9.6 Perspective and Future Work
    7. References
  24. 10 Carbon‐Based, Metal‐Free Catalysts for Chemical Productions
    1. 10.1 Introduction
    2. 10.2 Active Sites of Carbon‐Based, Metal‐Free Catalysts
    3. 10.3 Oxidation Reactions
    4. 10.4 Reduction Reactions
    5. 10.5 H2O2 Synthesis
    6. 10.6 Vinyl Chloride Monomer Synthesis
    7. 10.7 Perspectives
    8. References
  25. 11 Heteroatom‐Doped, Carbon‐Supported Metal Catalysts for Electrochemical Energy Conversions
    1. 11.1 Introduction
    2. 11.2 N‐Doped, Carbon‐Supported Metal Catalysts
    3. 11.3 B‐Doped, Carbon‐Supported Metal Catalysts
    4. 11.4 Conclusions and Perspective
    5. References
  26. Index
  27. End User License Agreement
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