Cover image for High Performance Polymers, 2nd Edition

High Performance Polymers, 2nd Edition

Author Johannes Karl Fink
Release Date: 2014/07/01
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Book Description

Approaching the material from a chemistry and engineering perspective, High Performance Polymers presents the most reliable and current data available about state-of-the-art polymerization, fabrication, and application methods of high performance industrial polymers.

Chapters are arranged according to the chemical constitution of the individual classes, beginning with main chain carbon-carbon polymers and leading to ether-containing, sulfur-containing, and so on. Each chapter follows an easily readable template, provides a brief overview and history of the polymer, and continues on to such sub-topics as monomers; polymerization and fabrication; properties; fabrication methods; special additives; applications; suppliers and commercial grades; safety; and environmental impact and recycling.

High Performance Polymers brings a wealth of up-to-date, high performance polymer data to you library, in a format that allows for either a fast fact-check or more detailed study. In this new edition the data has been fully updated to reflect all developments since 2008, particularly in the topics of monomers, synthesis of polymers, special polymer types, and fields of application.

  • Presents the state-of-the-art polymerization, fabrication and application methods of high performance industrial polymers
  • Provides fundamental information for practicing engineers working in industries that develop advanced applications (including electronics, automotive and medical)
  • Discusses environmental impact and recycling of polymers

Table of Contents

  1. Half Title
  2. PDL Series
  3. Title Page
  4. Copyright
  5. Contents (1/2)
  6. Contents (2/2)
  7. Preface
  8. Preface
  9. Acknowledgments
  10. 1 Carbazole Polymers
    1. 1.1 Monomers
      1. 1.1.1 N-Vinylcarbazole
      2. 1.1.2 Nonlinear Optical Side Chain Monomers
      3. 1.1.3 Molecular Glasses
    2. 1.2 Polymerization and Fabrication
      1. 1.2.1 Polymerization
        1. 1.2.1.1 Poly(N-vinylcarbazole)
        2. 1.2.1.2 NVK/Pyrrol Composites
      2. 1.2.2 Other Vinylcarbazole Compounds
        1. 1.2.2.1 Grignard Coupling
        2. 1.2.2.2 Anionic Polymerization
        3. 1.2.2.3 Heck Cross Coupling
        4. 1.2.2.4 Copolymers
        5. 1.2.2.5 Solution Processing
    3. 1.3 Properties
      1. 1.3.1 Liquid Crystalline Phases
        1. 1.3.1.1 Charge Transporting Materials
        2. 1.3.1.2 Principle of Xerography
      2. 1.3.2 Optical Properties
        1. 1.3.2.1 Polarization Rotators
        2. 1.3.2.2 Enhanced Photorefractive Performance
        3. 1.3.2.3 Hologram Images
        4. 1.3.2.4 Holographic Recording Medium
        5. 1.3.2.5 Effect of Molecular Weight of PVK on Photorefractive Performance
        6. 1.3.2.6 Fluorescence Quenching
    4. 1.4 Applications
      1. 1.4.1 Electrophotographic Films
        1. 1.4.1.1 Photoconductivity
        2. 1.4.1.2 TNF-PVK Complexes
        3. 1.4.1.3 Photoconductive Copolymers
        4. 1.4.1.4 Copolymers
      2. 1.4.2 Polymeric Light-Emitting Diodes (1/2)
      3. 1.4.2 Polymeric Light-Emitting Diodes (2/2)
        1. 1.4.2.1 Förster Energy Transfer
        2. 1.4.2.2 Service Time
        3. 1.4.2.3 Methods of Fabrication of LEDs
        4. 1.4.2.4 Poly(fluorene)s
        5. 1.4.2.5 NVK/PBD
        6. 1.4.2.6 Functionalized Polymers
        7. 1.4.2.7 Metal Complexes
        8. 1.4.2.8 Mixed Dyes
        9. 1.4.2.9 Multilayer Light-Emitting Diode
        10. 1.4.2.10 Other Chromophores
      4. 1.4.3 Organic Photorefractive Materials
        1. 1.4.3.1 Photorefractive Formulations
        2. 1.4.3.2 Holograms
      5. 1.4.4 Photovoltaic Devices
      6. 1.4.5 Amplified Spontaneous Emission
      7. 1.4.6 Optical Elements
      8. 1.4.7 Antistatic Polymer
      9. 1.4.8 Other Applications
        1. 1.4.8.1 Microscopic Imaging
      10. 1.4.9 Analytical Applications
      11. 1.4.10 Nanocomposites
        1. 1.4.10.1 Poly(pyrrole)-Modified Nanocomposites
        2. 1.4.10.2 Poly(aniline)-Modified Nanocomposites
        3. 1.4.10.3 Carbon Nanotubes
        4. 1.4.10.4 Clay Nanohybrids
      12. 1.4.11 Fuel Cells
      13. 1.4.12 Coatings
      14. 1.4.13 Fibers
    5. 1.5 Suppliers and Commercial Grades
    6. 1.6 Safety
    7. References
  11. 2 Poly(p-xylylene)s
    1. 2.1 Monomers
      1. 2.1.1 Chlorine-Substituted Monomers
    2. 2.2 Sulfide Modified Polymers
    3. 2.3 Polymerization and Fabrication
      1. 2.3.1 Chemical Vapor Deposition
        1. 2.3.1.1 Fluor Containing Parylenes
        2. 2.3.1.2 Copolymers
        3. 2.3.1.3 Organic Transistors
        4. 2.3.1.4 CMOS Devices
        5. 2.3.1.5 Siloxane-Substituted Poly(p-Xylylene)s
        6. 2.3.1.6 Soft Magnetic Composites
      2. 2.3.2 Solution Polymerization
      3. 2.3.3 Self-Assembly Polymerization
    4. 2.4 Properties
      1. 2.4.1 Mechanical Properties
      2. 2.4.2 Electrical Properties
    5. 2.5 Applications
      1. 2.5.1 Coatings
        1. 2.5.1.1 Coatings for Solder Powders
        2. 2.5.1.2 Waveguide Coatings
        3. 2.5.1.3 Reinforcement Layers
        4. 2.5.1.4 Printed Circuit Boards
      2. 2.5.2 Medical Applications
        1. 2.5.2.1 Surface Modification
        2. 2.5.2.2 Drug Release
        3. 2.5.2.3 Modification of Poly(dimethylsiloxane) for Biomedical Applications
        4. 2.5.2.4 Parylene Coating for Cardiac Pacemaker Electrodes
        5. 2.5.2.5 Implants
      3. 2.5.3 Microelectrode Arrays
      4. 2.5.4 Nanocomposites
        1. 2.5.4.1 Melt Blending
        2. 2.5.4.2 Bioimplant Applications
        3. 2.5.4.3 Lead Nanocomposites
        4. 2.5.4.4 Cadmium Sulfide Nanocomposites
        5. 2.5.4.5 Cobalt Nanocomposite Films
        6. 2.5.4.6 Silver Nanocomposites
        7. 2.5.4.7 Titania Nanocomposites
        8. 2.5.4.8 Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles
      5. 2.5.5 Nanotubes
      6. 2.5.6 Nanofibers
      7. 2.5.7 Semiconductor Device with Parylene Coating
      8. 2.5.8 Electrodes by Pyrolysis
      9. 2.5.9 Nanocalorimeter
      10. 2.5.10 Adhesion
      11. 2.5.11 Water Diffusion in Coatings
      12. 2.5.12 Ultrafiltration Membranes
      13. 2.5.13 Coatings for Steel Implants
      14. 2.5.14 Sensors
      15. 2.5.15 Actuators
    6. 2.6 Suppliers and Commercial Grades
    7. 2.7 Safety
    8. References
  12. 3 Poly(arylene-vinylene)s
    1. 3.1 Monomers
    2. 3.2 Polymerization and Fabrication
      1. 3.2.1 Sulfonium Precursor Route
      2. 3.2.2 Transition Metal-Catalyzed Cross Coupling Process
      3. 3.2.3 Chemical Vapor Deposition
      4. 3.2.4 Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization
      5. 3.2.5 Electropolymerization
      6. 3.2.6 Knoevenagel Polycondensation
      7. 3.2.7 Wittig Reaction
      8. 3.2.8 Gilch Reaction
      9. 3.2.9 Dehydrohalogenation Phase Transfer Catalysis
      10. 3.2.10 Anionic Polymerization
      11. 3.2.11 Others
    3. 3.3 Properties
      1. 3.3.1 Mechanical Properties
      2. 3.3.2 Thermal Properties
      3. 3.3.3 Electrical Properties
      4. 3.3.4 Optical Properties
        1. 3.3.4.1 Tunable Photoluminescence of Poly(phenylenevinylene) Nanofibers
    4. 3.4 Special Additives
      1. 3.4.1 Dopants
        1. 3.4.1.1 Reactive Doping
        2. 3.4.1.2 Dye Doping
    5. 3.5 Applications
      1. 3.5.1 Electroluminescent Devices
      2. 3.5.2 Photovoltaic Devices
      3. 3.5.3 Ambipolar Transistors
      4. 3.5.4 Functionalization of Electronic Devices
      5. 3.5.5 Poly(p-phenylenevinylene) Nanofibers
      6. 3.5.6 Poly(p-phenylenevinylene) Nanotubes
      7. 3.5.7 Sensors
        1. 3.5.7.1 pH Sensor
        2. 3.5.7.2 Gas Sensors
        3. 3.5.7.3 Ammonium Nitrate Sensor
        4. 3.5.7.4 Peptide Sensors
        5. 3.5.7.5 Bacteria Sensor
        6. 3.5.7.6 Mechanochromic Sensors
        7. 3.5.7.7 Impedimetric Sensors
      8. 3.5.8 Ink-Jet Printing
    6. 3.6 Suppliers and Commercial Grades
    7. 3.7 Safety
    8. References
  13. 4 Poly(phenylene ether)s
    1. 4.1 Monomers
    2. 4.2 Polymerization and Fabrication
      1. 4.2.1 Curing Kinetics
      2. 4.2.2 Oxidative Polymerization
        1. 4.2.2.1 High-Molecular-Weight Type
      3. 4.2.3 Hyperbranched Poly(phenylene ether)
      4. 4.2.4 Functionalized Poly(phenylene ether)
        1. 4.2.4.1 Redistribution with Phenols
        2. 4.2.4.2 Treatment with Vinyl Compounds
        3. 4.2.4.3 Other Functionalization Methods
      5. 4.2.5 Copolymers
      6. 4.2.6 Blends
        1. 4.2.6.1 Miscible Blends
        2. 4.2.6.2 Compatibilization
      7. 4.2.7 Thermosetting Resins
      8. 4.2.8 Other Related Types
    3. 4.3 Properties
      1. 4.3.1 Mechanical Properties
      2. 4.3.2 Thermal Properties
      3. 4.3.3 Electrical Properties
      4. 4.3.4 Optical Properties
    4. 4.4 Special Additives
      1. 4.4.1 Impact Modifiers
      2. 4.4.2 Fibers
      3. 4.4.3 Flame Retardants
      4. 4.4.4 Blowing Agents
      5. 4.4.5 Hindered Amine Light Stabilizers
    5. 4.5 Applications
      1. 4.5.1 Automotive Components
      2. 4.5.2 Adhesives
      3. 4.5.3 Membranes
        1. 4.5.3.1 Gas Separation Membranes
        2. 4.5.3.2 Pervaporation Membranes
        3. 4.5.3.3 Membrane Catalysts
        4. 4.5.3.4 Ultrafiltration Membranes
        5. 4.5.3.5 Carbon Molecular Sieve Membranes
        6. 4.5.3.6 Polymer Electrolyte Membranes
      4. 4.5.4 Sterilized Materials
    6. 4.6 Suppliers and Commercial Grades
    7. 4.7 Safety
    8. 4.8 Environmental Impact and Recycling
    9. References (1/2)
    10. References (2/2)
  14. 5 Poly(phenylene sulfide)
    1. 5.1 Monomers
    2. 5.2 Polymerization and Fabrication
      1. 5.2.1 Standard Procedure
        1. 5.2.1.1 Dehydration
        2. 5.2.1.2 Catalyst
        3. 5.2.1.3 Modifiers
        4. 5.2.1.4 Cleanup
      2. 5.2.2 Other Methods of Preparation
      3. 5.2.3 Oxidized Poly(phenylene sulfide)
      4. 5.2.4 Highly Sulfonated PPS
      5. 5.2.5 Modification of PPS by Nitro Groups
      6. 5.2.6 Copolymers
      7. 5.2.7 Thermosets
        1. 5.2.7.1 Nadimide Units
        2. 5.2.7.2 Ethynyl Units
      8. 5.2.8 Blends and Composites
        1. 5.2.8.1 Impact Strength Modification
        2. 5.2.8.2 Viscosity Reduction
      9. 5.2.9 Poly(arylene ether sulfide)s
      10. 5.2.10 Poly(phenylene sulfide phenyleneamine)
      11. 5.2.11 Poly(dithiathianthrene)s
      12. 5.2.12 Poly(aryl ether thianthrene)s
    3. 5.3 PPS Poly(ethylene) Composites
    4. 5.4 PPS Poly(amide) Composites
      1. 5.4.1 Epoxy Composites
      2. 5.4.2 Composites with High Thermal Conductivity
      3. 5.4.3 Fibers
    5. 5.5 Properties
      1. 5.5.1 Mechanical Properties
      2. 5.5.2 Thermal Properties
      3. 5.5.3 Electrical Properties
      4. 5.5.4 Optical Properties
        1. 5.5.4.1 High Refractive Copolymer
      5. 5.5.5 Solubility
      6. 5.5.6 Crystallization Behavior
        1. 5.5.6.1 Shear-Induced Crystallization
    6. 5.6 Special Additives
      1. 5.6.1 Decolorants
      2. 5.6.2 Corrosion Inhibitors
      3. 5.6.3 Adhesion Reduction
      4. 5.6.4 Carbon Nanotubes
      5. 5.6.5 Expanded Graphite Composites
    7. 5.7 Applications
      1. 5.7.1 Solder Friendly Thermoplastic Blends
      2. 5.7.2 Abrasion-resistant Poly(tetrafluoroethylene) Blends
      3. 5.7.3 Electrically Conducting Polymers
      4. 5.7.4 Proton Exchange Membrane Materials
      5. 5.7.5 Fuel Cells
        1. 5.7.5.1 Hydrogen Fuel Cells
        2. 5.7.5.2 Direct Methanol Fuel Cells
      6. 5.7.6 Ozone Filter Materials
      7. 5.7.7 Foams
    8. 5.8 Suppliers and Commercial Grades
    9. 5.9 Safety
    10. 5.10 Environmental Impact and Recycling
    11. References
  15. 6 Poly(aryl ether ketone)s
    1. 6.1 Monomers
    2. 6.2 Polymerization and Fabrication
      1. 6.2.1 Nucleophilic Process
        1. 6.2.1.1 Poly(ether ketone)s with Ester Groups
        2. 6.2.1.2 Powder Preparation
      2. 6.2.2 Electrophilic Process
      3. 6.2.3 Blends
      4. 6.2.4 Modification
        1. 6.2.4.1 Surface Functionalization
      5. 6.2.5 Thermosets
    3. 6.3 Properties
      1. 6.3.1 Mechanical Properties
    4. 6.4 Special Additives
      1. 6.4.1 Melt Stabilizers
      2. 6.4.2 Fillers and Reinforcing Materials
    5. 6.5 Applications
      1. 6.5.1 Nonadhesive Coating
      2. 6.5.2 Porous Membranes
      3. 6.5.3 Rechargeable Batteries
      4. 6.5.4 Methanol Fuel Cell Membranes
        1. 6.5.4.1 Biphenylated PEEK
        2. 6.5.4.2 Quaternary Ammonium Modified PEEK
        3. 6.5.4.3 Epoxy Membranes
      5. 6.5.5 Hydrogen Fuel Cell Membranes
        1. 6.5.5.1 Hydroxynaphthalene-Based PEEK
        2. 6.5.5.2 Fluorinated PEEK
        3. 6.5.5.3 Hyperbranched PEEK
      6. 6.5.6 Fuel Cell Aging
      7. 6.5.7 Medical Applications
        1. 6.5.7.1 Orthopedic Applications
        2. 6.5.7.2 Drug Release Kinetics
        3. 6.5.7.3 Surface Grafting
      8. 6.5.8 Analytical Applications
        1. 6.5.8.1 Preconcentration of Arsenic and Antimony Compounds
        2. 6.5.8.2 Carbonaceous Membranes
      9. 6.5.9 Electronic Applications
        1. 6.5.9.1 Data Storage
      10. 6.5.10 Coatings
    6. 6.6 Suppliers and Commercial Grades
    7. 6.7 Safety
    8. References (1/2)
    9. References (2/2)
  16. 7 Poly(Arylene Ether Sulfone)s
    1. 7.1 Monomers
      1. 7.1.1 4,4-Biphenol
      2. 7.1.2 Bisphenol A
      3. 7.1.3 Bis-(4-hydroxyphenyl)- sulfone
      4. 7.1.4 Bis-(4-chlorophenyl)-sulfone
      5. 7.1.5 2,2-Dimethylamine- methylene-4,4-biphenol
      6. 7.1.6 3,3-Diallyl-4,4-dihydroxy- biphenyl
      7. 7.1.7 3,3,5,5-Tetra(4-methoxy- phenyl)-4,4-difluorodiphenyl sulfone
      8. 7.1.8 N,N-Diisopropylethylammo- nium 2,2-bis(p-hydroxyphenyl) pentafluoropropanesulfonate
    2. 7.2 Polymerization and Fabrication
      1. 7.2.1 Step-Growth Polycondensation
      2. 7.2.2 Chain-Growth Polycondensation
      3. 7.2.3 Copolymers from Telechelic Monomers
      4. 7.2.4 Macrocyclic Polymers
      5. 7.2.5 Friedel-Crafts Polymerization
      6. 7.2.6 Sulfonation
      7. 7.2.7 Blends
      8. 7.2.8 Varieties of PES
        1. 7.2.8.1 Poly(arylene thioether ketone)s
        2. 7.2.8.2 Poly(arylene thioether sulfone)s
        3. 7.2.8.3 Poly(arylene sulfide sulfone)
        4. 7.2.8.4 Poly(amide)s with Sulfone in the Backbone
        5. 7.2.8.5 Hyperbranched PES
      9. 7.2.9 Modification
    3. 7.3 Properties
      1. 7.3.1 Thermal Properties
      2. 7.3.2 Chemical Properties
      3. 7.3.3 Electrical Properties
    4. 7.4 Applications
      1. 7.4.1 Membranes
        1. 7.4.1.1 Ultrafiltration Membranes
        2. 7.4.1.2 Hollow Fiber Membranes
        3. 7.4.1.3 Reverse Osmosis Membranes
        4. 7.4.1.4 Proton Exchange Membranes
        5. 7.4.1.5 Anion Exchange Membranes
        6. 7.4.1.6 Carbon Membranes
        7. 7.4.1.7 Fuel Cell Membranes
        8. 7.4.1.8 Direct Methanol Fuel Cells
      2. 7.4.2 Medical Applications
        1. 7.4.2.1 Dental Plaque Barriers
        2. 7.4.2.2 Controlled Release Systems
        3. 7.4.2.3 Nucleotide Mimetics
      3. 7.4.3 Optical Waveguide Applications
      4. 7.4.4 Plumbing Materials
      5. 7.4.5 Porous Polymeric Foam
    5. 7.5 Suppliers and Commercial Grades
    6. 7.6 Safety
    7. 7.7 Environmental Impact and Recycling
    8. References (1/2)
    9. References (2/2)
  17. 8 Poly(Arylene Ether Nitrile)s
    1. 8.1 Monomers
      1. 8.1.1 Halogenated Benzonitriles
        1. 8.1.1.1 2,6-Dichlorobenzonitrile
        2. 8.1.1.2 2,6-Difluorobenzonitrile
        3. 8.1.1.3 4-Phenoxy-2,3,5,6-Tetrafluorobenzonitrile
        4. 8.1.1.4 Pentachlorobenzonitrile and Pentafluorobenzonitrile
      2. 8.1.2 Aromatic Hydroxy Compounds
        1. 8.1.2.1 9,9-Bis-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)- Fluorene
        2. 8.1.2.2 Spirodilactams
      3. 8.1.3 Cardo Xanthene
    2. 8.2 Polymerization and Fabrication
      1. 8.2.1 Electrophilic Route
      2. 8.2.2 Nucleophilic Route
        1. 8.2.2.1 Cyclic Oligomers
        2. 8.2.2.2 Branched Polymers
        3. 8.2.2.3 Arylene Carbonate Cyanoarylene Ether Copolymers
    3. 8.3 Properties
      1. 8.3.1 Mechanical Properties
      2. 8.3.2 Thermal Properties
      3. 8.3.3 Solubility
      4. 8.3.4 Plasticization
    4. 8.4 Applications
      1. 8.4.1 Reinforced Resins
      2. 8.4.2 Filter Materials
      3. 8.4.3 Resin-Bonded Magnets
      4. 8.4.4 Proton Exchange Membranes
      5. 8.4.5 Nanocomposites
        1. 8.4.5.1 Graphene-Based Nanocomposites
        2. 8.4.5.2 Carbon Nanotubes Hybrid Films
        3. 8.4.5.3 Fullerene Nanocomposites
      6. 8.4.6 Films
      7. 8.4.7 Hollow Glass Microspheres
    5. 8.5 Safety
    6. References
  18. 9 Triazole Polymers
    1. 9.1 Monomers
    2. 9.2 Polymerization and Fabrication
      1. 9.2.1 Reaction of Dinitriles with Dihydrazides
      2. 9.2.2 Aromatic Nucleophilic Displacement
      3. 9.2.3 Poly(bis-1,2,4-triazole)s
      4. 9.2.4 Poly(1-vinyl-1,2,4-triazole)
      5. 9.2.5 1,2,4-Triazole Dendrimers
      6. 9.2.6 Coordination Polymers
      7. 9.2.7 Sonochemical Synthesis of Nanoparticles
      8. 9.2.8 Cycloaddition of Azide
      9. 9.2.9 Dendritic Polymers
      10. 9.2.10 Conducting Polymers
    3. 9.3 Properties
      1. 9.3.1 Thermal Properties
      2. 9.3.2 Electrical Properties
      3. 9.3.3 Optical Properties
        1. 9.3.3.1 Chromophores with Nonlinear Optical Properties
        2. 9.3.3.2 Polymeric Light-Emitting Diode
        3. 9.3.3.3 Photocuring
        4. 9.3.3.4 Photographic Materials
        5. 9.3.3.5 UV Absorbers
      4. 9.3.4 Carbon Dioxide Absorption
    4. 9.4 Special Additives
      1. 9.4.1 Degradation Inhibitors
    5. 9.5 Applications
      1. 9.5.1 Blocked Isocyanates
      2. 9.5.2 Crosslinking Rubbers
      3. 9.5.3 Coatings
      4. 9.5.4 High-Temperature Adhesives
      5. 9.5.5 Fluorescence Sensor
      6. 9.5.6 Fluorescent Light-emitting Polymer
      7. 9.5.7 Polymeric Corrosion Inhibitors
        1. 9.5.7.1 Electrodeposition
        2. 9.5.7.2 Aqueous Dispersions
      8. 9.5.8 Electrochemical Sensor
      9. 9.5.9 Solar Cells
      10. 9.5.10 Gas-Generating Compositions
      11. 9.5.11 Memory Applications
      12. 9.5.12 Membranes
      13. 9.5.13 Solid Propellants
      14. 9.5.14 Biocidal Polymers
    6. 9.6 Suppliers and Commercial Grades
    7. 9.7 Safety
    8. References
  19. 10 Poly(oxadiazole)s
    1. 10.1 Monomers
    2. 10.2 Polymerization and Fabrication
      1. 10.2.1 Polycondensation
      2. 10.2.2 Anionic Polymerization
      3. 10.2.3 Heck Coupling
      4. 10.2.4 Modified Ethers
      5. 10.2.5 Sulfonation
    3. 10.3 Properties
      1. 10.3.1 Mechanical Properties
      2. 10.3.2 Thermal Properties
      3. 10.3.3 Electrical Properties
      4. 10.3.4 Optical Properties
        1. 10.3.4.1 Photoluminescence
        2. 10.3.4.2 Ultraviolet Resistance
        3. 10.3.4.3 Optically Active Types
      5. 10.3.5 Solubility
    4. 10.4 Applications
      1. 10.4.1 Fibers
      2. 10.4.2 Membranes
      3. 10.4.3 Photovoltaic Cells
      4. 10.4.4 Sensors
      5. 10.4.5 Light-Emitting Devices
      6. 10.4.6 Graphite Precursors
    5. 10.5 Suppliers and Commercial Grades
    6. 10.6 Safety
    7. References
  20. 11 Poly(naphthalates)
    1. 11.1 Monomers
      1. 11.1.1 Naphthalenedicarboxylic Acid
    2. 11.2 Polymerization and Fabrication
      1. 11.2.1 Poly(ethylene naphthalate)
        1. 11.2.1.1 Esterification
        2. 11.2.1.2 Polycondensation
        3. 11.2.1.3 Crystallization
        4. 11.2.1.4 Solid State Polymerization
      2. 11.2.2 Copolymers
        1. 11.2.2.1 Aromatic Dihydroxyethoxy Compounds
        2. 11.2.2.2 Poly(ether ester) Elastomers
        3. 11.2.2.3 Block Copolymers
        4. 11.2.2.4 Terpolymers
      3. 11.2.3 Blends
        1. 11.2.3.1 Blends of PET and PEN
        2. 11.2.3.2 Blends of PBT or Poly(amide) and PEN
        3. 11.2.3.3 Blends of HDPE and PEN
        4. 11.2.3.4 Blends of Poly(trimethylene terephthalate) and PEN
        5. 11.2.3.5 Blends of Poly(pentamethylene 2,6-naphthalate) and Poly(heptamethy- lene 2,6-naphthalate)
        6. 11.2.3.6 Blends of Poly(styrene) and PEN
        7. 11.2.3.7 Blends of Poly(carbonate) and PEN
        8. 11.2.3.8 Copolymers
      4. 11.2.4 Poly(1,3-propylene 2,6-naphthalate)
        1. 11.2.4.1 Condensation
        2. 11.2.4.2 Stretching
        3. 11.2.4.3 Poly(1,3-propylene terephthalate/2,6-naphthalate)
    3. 11.3 Properties
      1. 11.3.1 Mechanical Properties
      2. 11.3.2 Thermal Properties
      3. 11.3.3 Electrical Properties
      4. 11.3.4 Optical Properties
      5. 11.3.5 Gas Permeability
      6. 11.3.6 Size-Exclusion Chromatography
      7. 11.3.7 Chemical Resistance
    4. 11.4 Special Additives
      1. 11.4.1 Flame Retardants
      2. 11.4.2 Protective Coatings
      3. 11.4.3 Nanocomposites
    5. 11.5 Applications
      1. 11.5.1 Poly(ethylene naphthalate)
      2. 11.5.2 Films
        1. 11.5.2.1 Magnetic Recoding Media
        2. 11.5.2.2 Photographic Films
        3. 11.5.2.3 Encapsulation for Flexible Organic Solar Cells
        4. 11.5.2.4 Substrates for Electronic Devices
      3. 11.5.3 Fibers
    6. 11.6 Suppliers and Commercial Grades
    7. 11.7 Safety
    8. 11.8 Environmental Impact and Recycling
    9. References (1/2)
    10. References (2/2)
  21. 12 Partially Aromatic Poly(amide)s
    1. 12.1 Monomers
    2. 12.2 Polymerization and Fabrication
      1. 12.2.1 Conventional Route
      2. 12.2.2 Instant or Aerosol Process
      3. 12.2.3 Batch Processes
      4. 12.2.4 Continuous Routes
      5. 12.2.5 Interfacial Condensation
      6. 12.2.6 Ester Recycling Route
      7. 12.2.7 Thioether Types
      8. 12.2.8 Environmental Friendly Synthesis
      9. 12.2.9 Side Reactions
      10. 12.2.10 Blends and Copolymers
        1. 12.2.10.1 Blends with Poly(propylene)
        2. 12.2.10.2 Blends with Poly(arylene ether)
        3. 12.2.10.3 Poly(amide)—Poly(amide) Blends
      11. 12.2.11 Fabrication Techniques
        1. 12.2.11.1 Reactive Melt Processing
    3. 12.3 Properties
      1. 12.3.1 Mechanical Properties
      2. 12.3.2 Thermal Properties
      3. 12.3.3 Chemical Properties
    4. 12.4 Special Additives
      1. 12.4.1 Fillers
        1. 12.4.1.1 Nanoclays
      2. 12.4.2 Antioxidants
      3. 12.4.3 Lubricants
      4. 12.4.4 Impact Modifiers
      5. 12.4.5 Flame Retardants
    5. 12.5 Applications
      1. 12.5.1 Fibers
      2. 12.5.2 Transparent Types
      3. 12.5.3 Compositions for Welding
      4. 12.5.4 Electroplated Articles
      5. 12.5.5 Hot-Melt Adhesives
    6. 12.6 Suppliers and Commercial Grades
    7. 12.7 Safety
    8. 12.8 Environmental Impact and Recycling
    9. References
  22. 13 Aramids
    1. 13.1 Monomers
    2. 13.2 Polymerization and Fabrication
      1. 13.2.1 Acid Chloride Route
      2. 13.2.2 Acid Route
      3. 13.2.3 Carbon Monoxide Route
      4. 13.2.4 Partially Aromatic Poly(amide)s
      5. 13.2.5 Fibers
        1. 13.2.5.1 Spinning
        2. 13.2.5.2 Modification and Treatment
      6. 13.2.6 Aramid Paper
      7. 13.2.7 Honeycombs
      8. 13.2.8 Aramid Films
      9. 13.2.9 Nanocomposites
    3. 13.3 Properties
      1. 13.3.1 Mechanical Properties
        1. 13.3.1.1 Friction and Wear Properties
        2. 13.3.1.2 Impact Behavior Properties
      2. 13.3.2 Thermal Properties
      3. 13.3.3 Optical Properties
      4. 13.3.4 Wettability
    4. 13.4 Special Additives
      1. 13.4.1 Ultraviolet Stabilizers
      2. 13.4.2 Electrically Conductive Modifier
      3. 13.4.3 Peroxide Modified Aramid
    5. 13.5 Applications
      1. 13.5.1 Friction Materials
      2. 13.5.2 Gaskets
      3. 13.5.3 Reinforcing Materials
      4. 13.5.4 Catalyst Supports
      5. 13.5.5 Carbon Fiber Precursors
      6. 13.5.6 Nanofibrous Membranes
      7. 13.5.7 Cryogenic Fuel Tanks
      8. 13.5.8 Workwear
      9. 13.5.9 Cut-Resistant Gloves
      10. 13.5.10 Hyperbranched Aramids
      11. 13.5.11 Medical Applications
    6. 13.6 Suppliers and Commercial Grades
    7. 13.7 Safety
    8. 13.8 Environmental Impact and Recycling
      1. 13.8.1 Geotextiles
      2. 13.8.2 Water Disinfection
        1. 13.8.2.1 Detoxification
    9. References
  23. 14 Poly(amide-imide)s
    1. 14.1 Monomers
    2. 14.2 Polymerization and Fabrication
      1. 14.2.1 Isocyanate Route
      2. 14.2.2 Acid Chloride Route
      3. 14.2.3 Direct Polymerization Route
      4. 14.2.4 Microwave Polymerization
      5. 14.2.5 End-Capped Poly(amide-imide)
      6. 14.2.6 Unsaturated Poly(amide-imide)
      7. 14.2.7 Blends
        1. 14.2.7.1 Nanocomposites
      8. 14.2.8 Foams
        1. 14.2.8.1 Continuous Physical Foaming
        2. 14.2.8.2 Chemical Foaming
    3. 14.3 Properties
      1. 14.3.1 Mechanical Properties
      2. 14.3.2 Optical Properties
        1. 14.3.2.1 Optically Active Polymers
    4. 14.4 Applications
      1. 14.4.1 Membranes
        1. 14.4.1.1 Gas Separation Membranes
        2. 14.4.1.2 Hollow Fiber Membranes
        3. 14.4.1.3 Ultrafiltration and Nanofiltration Membranes
        4. 14.4.1.4 Catalytic Membranes
      2. 14.4.2 Coatings and Adhesives
        1. 14.4.2.1 Wire Enamels
        2. 14.4.2.2 Craze Resistant Coatings
        3. 14.4.2.3 Adhesive Coatings
      3. 14.4.3 Fibers
      4. 14.4.4 Optical Applications
        1. 14.4.4.1 Optical Waveguide Materials
        2. 14.4.4.2 Photochromic Materials
        3. 14.4.4.3 Electrochromic Materials
    5. 14.5 Suppliers and Commercial Grades
    6. 14.6 Safety
    7. References (1/2)
    8. References (2/2)
  24. 15 Poly(imide)s
    1. 15.1 Monomers
    2. 15.2 Polymerization and Fabrication
      1. 15.2.1 Conventional Route
      2. 15.2.2 Isocyanate Route
      3. 15.2.3 Aqueous Route
      4. 15.2.4 Nucleophilic Displacement Polymerization
      5. 15.2.5 Transimidization
      6. 15.2.6 Chemical Vapor Deposition
      7. 15.2.7 Hindered Biphenols
      8. 15.2.8 Poly(isoimide)s
      9. 15.2.9 Functionalized Poly(imide)
        1. 15.2.9.1 PETI Types
        2. 15.2.9.2 Citraconic Anhydride Types
        3. 15.2.9.3 Isocyanate Types
        4. 15.2.9.4 Urea Types
      10. 15.2.10 Thermosetting Types
      11. 15.2.11 Bis(maleimide)s
      12. 15.2.12 Poly(imide sulfones)
    3. 15.3 Properties
    4. 15.4 Special Additives
    5. 15.5 Applications
      1. 15.5.1 Foams
        1. 15.5.1.1 Aerogels
      2. 15.5.2 Microporous Types
      3. 15.5.3 Membranes
        1. 15.5.3.1 Crosslinked Membranes
        2. 15.5.3.2 Blends
        3. 15.5.3.3 Mixed Matrix Membranes
        4. 15.5.3.4 Carbon Membranes
        5. 15.5.3.5 Methane Enrichment in Biogas
        6. 15.5.3.6 Pervaporation Membranes
        7. 15.5.3.7 Ion Exchange Membranes
        8. 15.5.3.8 Fuel Cell Membranes
      4. 15.5.4 Sensor Technology
      5. 15.5.5 Polymer Matrix Electrolytes
      6. 15.5.6 Lithium Ion Batteries
      7. 15.5.7 Films and Coatings for Electronic Applications
      8. 15.5.8 Photosensitive PI Resins
        1. 15.5.8.1 Negative Types
        2. 15.5.8.2 Positive Types
    6. 15.6 Suppliers and Commercial Grades
    7. 15.7 Safety
    8. 15.8 Environmental Impact and Recycling
    9. References (1/2)
    10. References (2/2)
  25. 16 Poly(benzimidazole)s
    1. 16.1 Monomers
    2. 16.2 Polymerization and Fabrication
    3. 16.3 Properties
    4. 16.4 Applications
      1. 16.4.1 Nanocomposites
      2. 16.4.2 Gas Separation Membranes
      3. 16.4.3 Fuel Cells
      4. 16.4.4 Photoswitchable Polymers
    5. 16.5 Suppliers and Commercial Grades
    6. 16.6 Safety
    7. 16.7 Environmental Impact and Recycling
    8. References
  26. 17 Liquid Crystal Polymers
    1. 17.1 Monomers
      1. 17.1.1 Acetylation
      2. 17.1.2 Functionalized Monomers
    2. 17.2 Polymerization and Fabrication
      1. 17.2.1 Copoly(ester)s
      2. 17.2.2 Poly(ester amide)s
      3. 17.2.3 Click Chemistry
      4. 17.2.4 Photocrosslinkable Polymers
    3. 17.3 Properties
      1. 17.3.1 Mechanical Properties
      2. 17.3.2 Thermal Properties
      3. 17.3.3 Electrical and Optical Properties
    4. 17.4 Special Additives
      1. 17.4.1 Dopants
    5. 17.5 Applications
      1. 17.5.1 In Situ Composites
      2. 17.5.2 Optical Data Storage
      3. 17.5.3 Stationary Phases
      4. 17.5.4 Sensors and Actuators
      5. 17.5.5 Liquid Crystal Displays
        1. 17.5.5.1 Polymer Fixation
        2. 17.5.5.2 Viewing Angle Dependency
      6. 17.5.6 Electrically Conductive Compositions
      7. 17.5.7 Biomedical Applications
    6. 17.6 Suppliers and Commercial Grades
    7. 17.7 Environmental Impact and Recycling
    8. References (1/2)
    9. References (2/2)
  27. Index (1/4)
  28. Index (2/4)
  29. Index (3/4)
  30. Index (4/4)
3.129.70.157