Cover image for Train Aerodynamics

Train Aerodynamics

Author Mark Sterling , David Soper , Andrew Quinn , Hassan Hemida , Dominic Flynn , Terry Jo
Release Date: 2019/06/01
ISBN: 9780128133118
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Book Description

Train Aerodynamics: Fundamentals and Applications is the first reference to provide a comprehensive overview of train aerodynamics with full scale data results. With the most up-to-date information on recent advances and the possibilities of improvement in railway facilities, this book will benefit railway engineers, train operators, train manufacturers, infrastructure managers and researchers of train aerodynamics. As the subject of train aerodynamics has evolved slowly over the last few decades with train speeds gradually increasing, and as a result of increasing interest in new train types and high-speed lines, this book provides a timely resource on the topic.

  • Examines the fundamentals and the state-of-the-art of train aerodynamics, beginning with experimental, numerical and analytical tools, and then thoroughly discussing the specific approaches in other sections
  • Features the latest developments and progress in computational aerodynamics and experimental facilities
  • Addresses problems relating to train aerodynamics, from the dimensioning of railway structures and trains, to risk analysis related to safety issues and maintenance
  • Discusses basic flow patterns caused by bridges and embankments

Table of Contents

  1. Cover image
  2. Title page
  3. Table of Contents
  4. Copyright
  5. Preface
  6. Acknowledgements
  7. Notation
  8. Part 1. Fundamental aspects
    1. Chapter 1. Historical context
      1. 1.1. Early developments up to 1930
      2. 1.2. Train drag and streamlining – 1930 to 1960
      3. 1.3. Emerging aerodynamic issues – 1960 to 1980
      4. 1.4. High-speed train aerodynamics – 1980 to 2000
      5. 1.5. Into the 21st century
    2. Chapter 2. Fluid mechanics concepts
      1. 2.1. Outline
      2. 2.2. Dimensional analysis
      3. 2.3. Frames of reference
      4. 2.4. Forces and energy in fluids
      5. 2.5. Free flows, boundary layers and turbulence
      6. 2.6. Bluff bodies, separation and wakes
      7. 2.7. Equations of motion
      8. 2.8. Steady boundary layer equations
      9. 2.9. Potential flow
      10. 2.10. Turbulent flows
      11. 2.11. Atmospheric wind near the ground
    3. Chapter 3. Testing techniques
      1. 3.1. Full-scale testing
      2. 3.2. Physical model testing
    4. Chapter 4. Computational techniques
      1. 4.1. Analytical and computational methods in train aerodynamics
      2. 4.2. Panel methods
      3. 4.3. Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes methods
      4. 4.4. Direct numerical simulation
      5. 4.5. Lattice Boltzmann method
      6. 4.6. Optimisation methods
    5. Chapter 5. The flow around trains in the open air
      1. 5.1. Introduction
      2. 5.2. Trains on level ground in still air
      3. 5.3. Trains on level ground in windy conditions
      4. 5.4. Trains travelling through different railway environments
    6. Chapter 6. Trains in tunnels
      1. 6.1. Introduction
      2. 6.2. Pressure changes
      3. 6.3. Tunnel air velocities
      4. 6.4. External pressure emissions and sonic booms
  9. Part 2. Applications
    1. Chapter 7. Aerodynamic drag
      1. 7.1. The specification of aerodynamic drag – the overall context
      2. 7.2. Determination of train drag
      3. 7.3. Train drag and crosswinds
      4. 7.4. Predictive formulae
      5. 7.5. Collation of whole train drag coefficient values
      6. 7.6. Drag reduction methods
    2. Chapter 8. Aerodynamic loads on trackside structures, passing trains and people
      1. 8.1. Pressure loads and slipstream loads
      2. 8.2. The nature of pressure loads
      3. 8.3. Methods for measuring and quantifying pressure loads
      4. 8.4. Collation of pressure load data
      5. 8.5. Application of pressure loads to structural loading
      6. 8.6. The nature of slipstream loads
      7. 8.7. Methods for measuring and quantifying slipstream loads
      8. 8.8. Collation of slipstream load data
      9. 8.9. Application of slipstream loads
    3. Chapter 9. Ballast flight beneath trains
      1. 9.1. The issues
      2. 9.2. The flow field beneath trains
      3. 9.3. Forces on stationary ballast and initiation of motion
      4. 9.4. Ballast in motion
      5. 9.5. Ballast stone impact and ejection
      6. 9.6. Train authorisation and infrastructure operation
    4. Chapter 10. Aerodynamic effects on pantographs and overhead wire systems
      1. 10.1. Background
      2. 10.2. Description of the overhead current collection system
      3. 10.3. Aerodynamic issues of the overhead wire
      4. 10.4. Aerodynamic issues and testing of pantographs
      5. 10.5. Pantograph aerodynamic force optimisation
      6. 10.6. Dewirement analysis
    5. Chapter 11. Train overturning in high winds
      1. 11.1. The issues
      2. 11.2. Outline of methodology for assessing crosswind stability of trains
      3. 11.3. Specification of aerodynamic characteristics
      4. 11.4. Wind simulations
      5. 11.5. Aerodynamic forces and moments
      6. 11.6. Vehicle system models
      7. 11.7. Characteristic wind curves
      8. 11.8. Train authorisation
      9. 11.9. Calculation of route overturning risk
      10. 11.10. Mitigation methods
    6. Chapter 12. Tunnel aerodynamics issues
      1. 12.1. Introduction
      2. 12.2. Calculation of pressure transients
      3. 12.3. Aural pressure comfort and health limits
      4. 12.4. Alleviation of tunnel pressures
      5. 12.5. Assessment and alleviation of sonic booms
      6. 12.6. Aerodynamic drag in tunnels
      7. 12.7. Structural loading in tunnels and on trains
      8. 12.8. Special problems with long tunnels
    7. Chapter 13. Emerging issues
      1. 13.1. Future context
      2. 13.2. Tools and techniques
      3. 13.3. Reducing energy consumption and maximising capacity
      4. 13.4. Resilient rail networks
      5. 13.5. Air quality
      6. 13.6. New materials
      7. 13.7. New conventional speed forms of transport
      8. 13.8. Very high-speed transport
  10. Appendix 1. Train information
  11. Appendix 2. Data for aerodynamic crosswind force coefficients
  12. References
  13. Index
52.14.126.74