Book Description This derivative volume stemming from content included in our seminal Power Electronics Handbook takes its chapters related to renewables and establishes them at the core of a new volume dedicated to the increasingly pivotal and as yet under-published intersection of Power Electronics and Alternative Energy. While this re-versioning provides a corollary revenue stream to better leverage our core handbook asset, it does more than simply re-package existing content. Each chapter will be significantly updated and expanded by more than 50%, and all new introductory and summary chapters will be added to contextualize and tie the volume together. Therefore, unlike traditional derivative volumes, we will be able to offer new and updated material to the market and include this largely original content in our ScienceDirect Energy collection.
Due to the inherently multi-disciplinary nature of renewables, many engineers come from backgrounds in Physics, Materials, or Chemical Engineering, and therefore do not have experience working in-depth with electronics. As more and more alternative and distributed energy systems require grid hook-ups and on-site storage, a working knowledge of batteries, inverters and other power electronics components becomes requisite. Further, as renewables enjoy broadening commercial implementation, power electronics professionals are interested to learn of the challenges and strategies particular to applications in alternative energy. This book will bring each group up-to-speed with the primary issues of importance at this technological node.
This content clarifies the juncture of two key coverage areas for our Energy portfolio: alternative sources and power systems. It serves to bridge the information in our power engineering and renewable energy lists, supporting the growing grid cluster in the former and adding key information on practical implementation to the latter. Provides a thorough overview of the key technologies, methods and challenges for implementing power electronics in alternative energy systems for optimal power generation Includes hard-to-find information on how to apply converters, inverters, batteries, controllers and more for stand-alone and grid-connected systems Covers wind and solar applications, as well as ocean and geothermal energy, hybrid systems and fuel cells Show and hide more
Table of Contents
Cover Title page Table of Contents Copyright Dedication List of Contributors About the Editor-in-Chief Preface Acknowledgments 1: Introduction to electrical energy systems Abstract 1.1. Electrical energy systems 1.2. Energy and power 1.3. AC versus DC supply 1.4. Basic energy conversion processes 1.5. Review of the laws of thermodynamics 1.6. Photovoltaic energy conversion systems 1.7. Electrochemical energy conversion systems 1.8. Thermoelectric energy conversion systems 1.9. Electromechanical energy conversion systems 1.10. Energy storage 1.11. Efficiency and losses 1.12. Energy resources 1.13. Environmental considerations 2: Components of electric energy systems Abstract 2.1. Introduction 2.2. Power plants 2.3. Electric power generators 2.4. Transformers 2.5. Transmission lines 2.6. Relays and circuit breakers 2.7. Voltage regulators 2.8. Subtransmission 2.9. Distribution systems 2.10. Loads 2.11. Power capacitors 2.12. Control centers 2.13. Worldwide standards for household voltage and frequency 2.14. Representation of an electrical energy system 2.15. Equivalent circuits and reactance diagrams 2.16. Per-unit system 2.17. Summary 3: Solar energy Abstract 3.1. Introduction 3.2. Passive solar energy system 3.3. Active solar energy system (photovoltaic) 3.4. Ideal PV model 3.5. Practical PV model 3.6. Effect of irradiance and temperature on solar cells 3.7. PV module 3.8. Daily power profile of PV array 3.9. Photovoltaic system integration 3.10. Evaluation of PV systems 3.11. Advantages of solar energy 3.12. Disadvantage 3.13. Summary 4: Wind energy Abstract 4.1. Introduction 4.2. Wind turbine 4.3. Kinetic energy of wind 4.4. Aerodynamic force 4.5. Power output from practical turbines 4.6. Tip speed ratio 4.7. Coefficient of performance and turbine efficiency 4.8. Operating range of wind turbine 4.9. Classifications of wind turbines 4.10. Types of wind turbine generator systems 4.11. Wind farm performance 4.12. Advantages and disadvantages 4.13. Summary 5: Hydroelectricity Abstract 5.1. Introduction 5.2. Process of hydroelectricity 5.3. Basics of pumps and turbines 5.4. Electric generators and energy conversion schemes for hydroelectricity 5.5. Summary 6: Fuel cells Abstract 6.1. Introduction 6.2. Fuel cell fundamentals 6.3. Modeling of ideal fuel cells 6.4. Advantages and disadvantages of fuel cells 6.5. Power applications of fuel cells 6.6. FC and environment: hydrogen production and safety 6.7. Hydrogen economy 7: Geothermal energy Abstract 7.1. Introduction 7.2. Geothermal energy uses and types 7.3. Evaluation of geothermal power plant 7.4. Summary Nomenclature Acknowledgment 8: Utilization of bioresources as fuels and energy generation Abstract 8.1. Introduction 8.2. Biomass characterization 8.3. Pretreatment of biomass 8.4. Thermal conversion processes 8.5. Densification of biomass 8.6. Biomass gasification 8.7. Biodiesel fuels 8.8. Bioethanol from biomass 8.9. Present and future utilization scenario of biomass 8.10. Conclusions 9: Single-phase AC supply Abstract 9.1. Introduction 9.2. Alternating current waveform 9.3. Root mean square 9.4. Phase shift 9.5. Concept of phasors 9.6. Complex number analysis 9.7. Complex impedance 9.8. Electric power 9.9. Electrical energy 9.10. Advantages and disadvantages of a single-phase supply 9.11. Summary 10: Three-phase AC supply Abstract 10.1. Introduction 10.2. Generation of three-phase voltages 10.3. Connections of three-phase circuits 10.4. Circuits with mixed connections 10.5. Power calculation of balanced three-phase circuit 10.6. Advantages and disadvantages of three-phase supply 10.7. Summary 11: Magnetic circuits and power transformers Abstract 11.1. Introduction 11.2. Magnetic circuits 11.3. Equivalent circuit of a core excited by an AC MMF 11.4. Principle of operation of a transformer 11.5. Voltage, current, and impedance transformations 11.6. Nonideal transformer and its equivalent circuits 11.7. Tests on transformers 11.8. Transformer polarity 11.9. Transformers in parallel 11.10. Three-phase transformer connections 11.11. Special transformer connection 11.12. Parallel operation of three-phase transformers 11.13. Autotransformers 11.14. Three-winding transformers 11.15. Instrument transformers 11.16. Third harmonics in transformers 11.17. Transformers in a microgrid 11.18. Summary 12: Renewable energy generators and control Abstract 12.1. Introduction – general 12.2. General features of electric machines 12.3. Basic construction 12.4. Type of electric supply and load 12.5. Basic energy conversion principles 12.6. Synchronous generators 12.7. Induction machines 12.8. Practical renewable energy-based power generating schemes 12.9. Summary 13: Power semiconductor devices Abstract 13.1. Introduction 13.2. Power diodes 13.3. Bipolar junction transistors (BJT) 13.4. Metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor 13.5. Insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs) 13.6. GaN- and SiC-based devices 13.7. Silicon-controlled rectifiers 13.8. Gate turn-off thyristors 13.9. Integrated gate commutated thyristors 13.10. Guidelines for selecting devices 13.11. Summary 14: AC–DC converters (rectifiers) Abstract 14.1. Introduction 14.2. Performance parameters 14.3. Single-phase full-bridge rectifier circuit 14.4. Three-phase full-bridge rectifier 14.5. PWM rectifier 14.6. Single-phase full-bridge controlled rectifier 14.7. Three-phase controlled rectifier 14.8. Filters for AC to DC converters 14.9. Summary 15: DC–DC converters Abstract 15.1. Introduction 15.2. Basic nonisolated switch-mode DC–DC converters 15.3. DC–DC converter applications 15.4. Buck converter 15.5. Boost converter 15.6. Buck–boost converter 15.7. SEPIC converter 15.8. Summary 16: DC–AC inverters Abstract 16.1. Introduction 16.2. Single-phase voltage-source inverters 16.3. Three-phase bridge voltage-source inverters 16.4. Multistepped Inverters 16.5. PWM inverters 16.6. Current-source inverters 16.7. Summary 17: Electric power transmission Abstract 17.1. Introduction 17.2. Overhead transmission lines 17.3. Transmission line parameters 17.4. Transmission line representation 17.5. Transmission line as a two-port network and power flow 17.6. High voltage DC transmission 17.7. Summary 18: Electric power systems Abstract 18.1. Introduction 18.2. Phases of power system engineering 18.3. Interconnected systems 18.4. Fault analysis 18.5. Power flow study 18.6. Power system stability 18.7. Summary 19: Control of photovoltaic technology Abstract 19.1. Introduction to semiconductor physics 19.2. Basics of a photovoltaic cell 19.3. Maximum power point tracking 19.4. Shading impact on PV characteristics 19.5. Mode of operation of a PV system 20: Integration of distributed renewable energy systems into the smart grid Abstract 20.1. Introduction 20.2. Conventional power generation 20.3. Electricity generation from renewable energy resources 20.4. Grid connection of distributed RES 20.5. Distributed renewable energy sources 20.6. Voltage control in power networks 20.7. Power quality and harmonics 20.8. Regulations for connection of distributed RES to the grid 20.9. Smart grid solutions 21: Environmental impacts of renewable energy Abstract 21.1. Introduction 21.2. Environmental concerns related to fossil fuel power plants 21.3. Environmental concerns related to hydroelectric power plants 21.4. Environmental concerns related to nuclear power plants 21.5. Environmental concerns related to renewable energy 21.6. Summary Author Index Subject Index
