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Learn Audio Electronics with Arduino

Author Charlie Cullen
Release Date: 2020/03/01
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Book Description

Learn Audio Electronics with Arduino: Practical Audio Circuits with Arduino Control teaches the reader how to use Arduino to control analogue audio circuits and introduces electronic circuit theory through a series of practical projects, including a MIDI drum controller and an Arduino-controlled two-band audio equalizer amplifier.

Learn Audio Electronics with Arduino provides all the theoretical knowledge needed to design, analyse, and build audio circuits for amplification and filtering, with additional topics like C programming being introduced in a practical context for Arduino control. The reader will learn how these circuits work and also how to build them, allowing them to progress to more advanced audio circuits in the future. Beginning with electrical fundamentals and control systems, DC circuit theory is then combined with an introduction to C programming to build Arduino-based systems for audio (tone sequencer) and MIDI (drum controller) output. The second half of the book begins with AC circuit theory to allow analogue audio circuits for amplification and filtering to be analysed, simulated, and built. These circuits are then combined with Arduino control in the final project – an Arduino-controlled two-band equalizer amplifier.

Building on high-school physics and mathematics in an accessible way, Learn Audio Electronics with Arduino is suitable for readers of all levels. An ideal tool for those studying audio electronics, including as a component within other fields of study, such as computer science, human-computer interaction, acoustics, music technology, and electronics engineering.

Table of Contents

  1. Cover
  2. Half Title
  3. Title Page
  4. Copyright Page
  5. Dedication
  6. Table of Contents
  7. List of Figures
  8. List of Tables
  9. Preface
  10. Introduction
    1. Software tools
      1. Tinkercad
      2. LTspice
      3. Arduino IDE
    2. Equipment
      1. Arduino Uno
      2. Breadboard
      3. Switches and LEDs
      4. Resistors, capacitors and potentiometers
      5. Audio and MIDI components
      6. Other components
      7. Soldering
      8. Final component list
    3. Conclusions
  11. Chapter 1 Electronics fundamentals
    1. 1.1 Scales, symbols and equations
      1. 1.1.1 Worked example – adding voltages
      2. 1.1.2 Worked example – working with fractions
    2. 1.2 Electrical fundamentals
    3. 1.3 Tutorial – introduction to Tinkercad
    4. 1.4 Example project – getting started: an Arduino-powered LED light
    5. 1.5 Conclusions
    6. 1.6 Self-study questions
  12. Chapter 2 Systems and transducers
    1. 2.1 Electronic systems and transducers
    2. 2.2 Digital systems and Arduino control
    3. 2.3 Analogue to digital conversion – sampling
    4. 2.4 MIDI control systems
    5. 2.5 Audio sensors: switches, potentiometers and microphones
    6. 2.6 Audio actuators: LEDs and loudspeakers
    7. 2.7 Tutorial – working with components
    8. 2.8 Example project – sensor control of LED output
    9. 2.9 Conclusions
    10. 2.10 Self-study questions
    11. Notes
  13. Chapter 3 DC circuits
    1. 3.1 Ohm’s Law and direct current
      1. 3.1.1 Worked example – calculating a resistor value
    2. 3.2 Kirchoff’s Voltage Law: series circuits
      1. 3.2.1 Worked examples – calculating series resistance
      2. 3.2.2 Worked example – calculating series resistor voltages
    3. 3.3 Voltage dividers
      1. 3.3.1 Worked examples – voltage dividers
    4. 3.4 Kirchoff’s Current Law: parallel circuits
      1. 3.4.1 Worked examples – calculating parallel resistance
      2. 3.4.2 Worked examples – calculating parallel current
    5. 3.5 Tutorial: limiting current to protect components
    6. 3.6 Example projects: series and parallel circuits
      1. 3.6.1 Series circuit project
      2. 3.6.2 Parallel circuit project
    7. 3.7 Conclusions
    8. 3.8 Self-study questions
  14. Chapter 4 Digital systems 1 – Arduino output
    1. 4.1 Microprocessor control systems
    2. 4.2 Instruction types – sequence instructions
    3. 4.3 Example project 1 – Arduino digital output
    4. 4.4 Data types – variables
    5. 4.5 Example 2 – multiple digital outputs
    6. 4.6 Functions – encapsulating code
    7. 4.7 Tutorial – how to write code part I
    8. 4.8 Example 3 – reusing code with functions
    9. 4.9 Analogue output – pulse width modulation
    10. 4.10 Example project – automatic tone player
    11. 4.11 Conclusions
    12. 4.12 Self-study questions
    13. Notes
  15. Chapter 5 Digital systems 2 – Arduino input
    1. 5.1 Programming recap
    2. 5.2 Data structures and iteration – arrays and loops
    3. 5.3 Example 1 – tone array output
    4. 5.4 Working with external libraries – serial MIDI output
    5. 5.5 Example 2 – MIDI sequence player
    6. 5.6 Conditions and digital input
    7. 5.7 Tutorial – how to write code part II
    8. 5.8 Example 3 – MIDI switch controller output
    9. 5.9 Analogue input – percussion sampling
    10. 5.10 Final project: MIDI drum trigger
    11. 5.11 Conclusions
    12. 5.12 Self-study questions
  16. Chapter 6 AC circuits
    1. 6.1 Audio signal fundamentals – sine waves
      1. 6.1.1 Worked example – varying the speed of sound
    2. 6.2 AC signals – amplitude, frequency and phase
      1. 6.2.1 Worked examples – finding the instantaneous voltage of a sine wave input signal
    3. 6.3 Capacitance – storing charge over time
      1. 6.3.1 Worked example – calculating the charge on a capacitor
      2. 6.3.2 Worked example – calculating capacitive reactance for different input frequencies
    4. 6.4 Impedance – combining AC components
      1. 6.4.1 Worked examples – analysing combined resistive and reactive circuits
    5. 6.5 Tutorial: installing LTspice
    6. 6.6 Example project – AC analysis with LTspice
      1. 6.6.1 Example project – circuit 1
      2. 6.6.2 Example project – circuit 2
    7. 6.7 Conclusions
    8. 6.8 Self-study questions
  17. Chapter 7 Audio amplifiers
    1. 7.1 Amplification
      1. 7.1.1 Worked examples – calculating decibel gain values
    2. 7.2 Semiconductors – diodes
    3. 7.3 Semiconductors – transistors
      1. 7.3.1 Worked example – simulating BJT characteristic curves using LTspice
      2. 7.3.2 Worked example – simulating a common emitter amplifier with LTspice
    4. 7.4 Operational amplifiers
      1. 7.4.1 Worked example – simulating an inverting amplifier with LTspice
    5. 7.5 DC blocking, power decoupling and Zobel networks
    6. 7.6 Example project: building an audio amplifier
    7. 7.7 Conclusions
    8. 7.8 Self-study questions
  18. Chapter 8 Audio filters
    1. 8.1 Decibels and equal loudness
    2. 8.2 Filter characteristics and Bode plots
    3. 8.3 First-order low-pass filter
      1. 8.3.1 Worked example – designing a first-order low-pass filter
      2. 8.3.2 Worked example – simulating a first-order low-pass filter using LTspice
    4. 8.4 First-order high-pass filter
      1. 8.4.1 Worked example – designing a first-order high-pass filter
      2. 8.4.2 Worked example – simulating a first-order high-pass filter with LTspice
      3. 8.4.3 Worked example – reading and writing audio files with Ltspice
    5. 8.5 Controlling audio filters
    6. 8.6 Example project – audio amplifier with 2-band equalizer
    7. 8.7 Conclusions
    8. 8.8 Self-study questions
  19. Chapter 9 Arduino audio control
    1. 9.1 Final project overview
      1. 9.1.1 Project components
    2. 9.2 Arduino state control
      1. 9.2.1 Worked example – Arduino state control
    3. 9.3 Arduino digital filter control
    4. 9.4 Final project – Arduino-controlled audio amplifier with 2-band equalizer
    5. 9.5 Conclusions
  20. Chapter 10 Conclusions
    1. 10.1 Future work
      1. 10.1.1 Electronics fundamentals
      2. 10.1.2 Arduino control
      3. 10.1.3 Audio electronics
    2. 10.2 Final notes
  21. Appendix 1 Self-study questions
  22. Appendix 2 AC equation derivations (chapter 6)
  23. Appendix 3 Standard component values
  24. Index
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