Index

academic research, 171190

Accenture, 100101

accountability, 78, 9598, 104, 110, 124125, 143

accountable care organizations (ACOs), 70, 9091

accuracy, impact of noise and bias on, 2628. See also bias; noise

Adner, Ron, 5367

Adobe, 99, 103, 105

adoption-chain risk, 64

advertising, simplicity in, 1213

African Americans, 137, 140, 141, 143, 147. See also minority workers

Agile Manifesto, 99, 105

algorithms, 25, 3235

Alphabet, 175

Amazon, 2, 16, 108110, 161

Amazon Dash Button, 10

Amazon Web Services (AWS), 17

Android operating system, 17

annual reviews, 9394, 99101, 103, 105

antidiscrimination laws, 97

Apple, 16, 17

applied research, 174

appraisal process

challenges, 103110

cognitive bias and, 109

legal issues, 107108

reasons to eliminate, 100103

traditional, 93100, 103104

Ariel Investments, 126127

Asch, Solomon, 114

audits, noise, 2830

authenticity, 117121

Bank of America, 133, 147

bar codes, 5859, 61

basic research, 174, 175

behavioral psychology, 4, 14

Bell Labs, 175

Berinato, Scott, 3752

b.good, 125

bias, 36

cognitive, 26, 31, 36, 108

contact between groups and, 141142

diversity training to reduce, 134136

hiring tests to reduce, 136137

noise versus, 2628

self-serving, 125126

social, 26, 31, 36

status quo, 115

types of, 31

bitcoin, 157, 163, 166

BlackBerry, 9, 115

Blaser, Tom, 2336

blockchain, 157170

adoption framework, 163168

architecture, 162163

computational logic, 158

cryptocurrency, 166

distributed databases, 158

foundational technology, 159, 163168

investment in, 168170

peer-to-peer transmissions, 158, 161

potential of, 157159

pseudonymity, 158

records, irreversibility of, 158

smart contracts and, 167168, 169

transparency, 158

workings of, 158

blue-collar workers, 149155

Boston Consulting Group (BCG), 8, 15

brand loyalty, 45, 6

British Airways, 119

broad perspective, 125126

bundled payments, 6970, 71, 7491

benefits of, 8791

challenges in transition to, 7987

competition and, 8788

conditions for, 7475

cost information and, 85

cost reduction from, 7879

defining and implementing, 82

overtreatment and, 86

patient outcomes and, 8485

providers and, 8384, 8586, 88

successes of, 8081

transformation of patient care and, 7679

business strategy, 13, 101

business transformations, 1819

capitation, 6974, 79, 89, 9091

Cappelli, Peter, 93111

career conversations, 102

Catmull, Ed, 122, 126

Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS), 69, 8081

Chain.com, 165

challenges, 122125

charts, 38, 5052. See also visualizations

Chicago Board of Trade, 127

Christensen, Clayton, 16, 20

class divisions, 149155

Clinton, Hillary, 150152

CNET, 161

coaching, 100, 110

Coca-Cola, 1, 2, 141

cognitive biases, 26, 31, 36, 108

cognitive dissonance, 139, 140

Cognizant, 20

co-innovations, 5556, 64

Coke. See Coca-Cola

college recruitment programs, 139141, 144, 145

Colorcon, 93

commercial development, 174, 179180

competitive advantage

habits and, 17

innovation as source of, 101

nature of, 23, 13, 16

purchase decisions and, 35

sustainability of, 7, 1314, 1920

conformity, 113116, 127131

constructive nonconformity, 114, 116131. See also nonconformity

consumers

decision making by, 35, 1420

“jobs to be done” theory, 2021

motivations of, 2021

continuous feedback, 103, 108110. See also performance management

contracts, 157158, 167168, 169

Corning, 175

corporate research, 174177, 188189

Covidien, 111

creative destruction, 53, 58, 59, 60, 65

creativity, 118, 126

cross-training, 142, 144

cumulative advantage, 2, 514, 18

brands, innovating inside and, 1012

communications, simple and, 1213

design, habit-forming and, 910

early share advantage and, 89

pricing strategies and, 8, 9

rebranding and, 12, 10, 14

share leadership and, 5

customer loyalty, 114

customer service, 101102, 119

data visualizations, 3752

declarative, 4041

everyday, 5052

decision making

bias in, 2628, 31

conscious, 12

consumer, 35, 1420

data for, 37

expert, 2325

habit-driven, 12, 14

noise in, 2336

procedures for consistent, 3536

process, 35

using algorithms, 3235

Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), 175

Deloitte, 100, 103, 105, 106107, 111, 146

Democratic Party, 151152, 153, 154

digital currencies, 157, 163, 166

discriminatory practices, 107108, 137

disruptive innovation, 1517, 5354, 5666, 159

distributed computer networking technology, 159161

diversity

innovation and, 126

lawsuits and, 133

self-managed teams and, 142, 144

task forces, 143, 145, 146

training, 134136, 144

ways to promote, 139147

diversity managers, 145, 146147

diversity programs, 133147

college recruitment programs, 139140, 141, 145

grievance procedures, 138139, 144

hiring tests, 136137, 144

intergroup contact, 141142

lawsuits and, 133, 134

mentoring, 140, 141, 145

performance ratings, 137138

social accountability and, 143, 146147

successful, 144145

task forces, 143, 145, 146

training, 134136, 144

Dobbin, Frank, 133147

Dollar Shave Club, 1718

Dove, 15. See also Unilever

DreamWorks Animation, 126127

eBay, 161

ecosystems and new technologies, 5466

electric vehicles, 61, 63

emerging technologies, 1517, 5367

employees

accountability for, 9598, 104105, 110, 124125

challenging experiences for, 122125

conformity by, 113116, 127131

development of, 96, 97, 98, 100101, 104105

dissenting views by, 126127

encouraging authenticity in, 117120

engagement by, 123

fostering broader perspectives in, 125126

hiring diverse, 126, 133147

personal commercial mission statements by, 120

personal growth opportunities for, 124

poor performers, 107

problem solving by, 119120

promoting nonconformity in, 116131

questioning of status quo by, 121122

responsibilities for, 124125

signature strengths of, 120121

training of, 122, 125, 134136

employment law, 103108, 133

end-of-year reviews. See annual reviews

execution risk, 64

Expedia, 161

Facebook, 1, 2, 79, 16, 17, 121, 147

Febreze, 10. See also Procter & Gamble

feedback, 30, 93, 96, 100, 102, 103110

Gandhi, Linnea, 2336

Gap, 101102, 108

Gates Foundation, 174, 183

General Electric (GE), 16, 9698, 101, 103106, 108, 125126, 177

Gillette, 1718

Gino, Francesca, 113132

Google, 2, 16, 17, 147, 161

guided autonomy, 187. See also research

habits, 35, 910, 1420

HDTV, 55

health care, 6991

bundled payment approach to, 6970, 71, 7491

capitation approach to, 6974, 79, 89, 9091

competition and, 8788

cost reduction, 7879

diagnosis-related groups (DRGs), 83

fee-for-service model, 69, 77, 88

fixed annual budgets for, 69

in-house providers, 73

integrated, multidisciplinary, 7678

integrated practice units (IPUs), 7678

outcomes, 72, 78, 8485

overtreatment, 86

patient choice, 73, 8788

patient-level value, 72

patient outcomes, 72, 78, 8485

providers, 7273, 75, 8386, 88

shared savings plans, 70

quality, 71

upcoding and, 73

value-based reimbursement, 6991

high-impact problems, 173175, 182183. See also research

hiring decisions, 126

hiring tests, 136137, 144

IBM, 108, 175

IKEA, 2

information

disconfirming evidence, 126127

interpretation of, 115116

qualitative information and visualizations, 39

quantitative information and visualizations, 39

innovation

disruptive, 1517, 5354, 5666, 159

ecosystems for, 5462

inside the brand, 1012

nonconformity and, 116

strategy and, 101

transformative, 5354, 62, 157170

Intel, 110

intellectual property, 176, 178

International Consortium for Health Outcomes Measurement (ICHOM), 85

iPhone, 17

Jaklenec, Ana, 181, 185

Java, 161

Kahneman, Daniel, 12, 2336

Kalev, Alexandra, 133147

Kaplan, Robert S., 6991

Kapoor, Rahul, 5367

Kelly Services, 100, 105

KPMG, 100

Lafley, A.G., 114

Langer, Bob, 171190

licenses, 180. See also patents

Lovenox, 177

M&Ms, 15

management

diversity in, 133134

performance (see performance management)

scientific, 114

Theory Y approach to, 96

women and minorities in, 147

managers

diversity, 145, 146147

engaging in promoting diversity, 139141

mentoring by, 140

Mars (candy company), 15

Martin, Roger L., 114

McGrath, Rita Gunther, 13, 1421

McGregor, Douglas, 96, 98, 104

McKinsey’s War for Talent project, 97, 105

medical research, 171190

Medtronic, 110111

Merrill Lynch, 133, 147

middle class, 152. See also class divisions

minority workers, 133137, 139141, 143, 145. See also diversity programs

Momenta, 177, 186

Morgan Stanley, 133

Morning Star, 120, 124125, 130

Myspace, 7, 8, 115

Napster, 161

Nasdaq, 165

Netflix, 1112

Netscape, 161

noise, 2336

audits, 2830

versus bias, 2628

cost of, 2425

judgment calls and, 24, 25, 2930

judgment tools and, 3536

prevalence of, 2324

procedures to reduce, 3536

reasoned rules, 3234

social biases and, 26, 31, 36

types of, 31

using algorithms to reduce, 3235

nonconformity

assessment of, 128129

constructive, 114, 116131

disconfirming evidence and, 126127

dissenting views and, 126127

egocentrism, 125126

job rotation and, 123

job structuring and, 123125

mission statements and, 120

novelty and, 123124

peer pressure and, 130, 131

personal commercial mission statements and, 120

personal growth and, 124

reflection and, 118119

social pressure, to conform, 114115

strengths, of employees and, 120121

Obamacare, 152153. See also class divisions

Osteria Francescana, 121, 124, 126

P&G. See Procter & Gamble

Pal’s Sudden Service, 119120, 122, 123, 127

patents, 178, 180

PepsiCo, 12, 15

performance-based pay, 9698, 103107, 110

performance management, 93111

agility and, 99, 101

annual reviews for, 9394, 99101

business goals and, 106

challenges, 103110

employee development and, 9698, 100101

employee goals and, 102, 106, 130

employee rewards and, 106107

evolution of, 95100

feedback and, 103, 108110

forced-ranking system, 9799, 105

fundamental attribution error, 100

halo effect, 109

legal issues, 107108

merit pay, 9698, 103107, 110

merit rating system, 9596

organizational structure and, 98, 105

peer feedback, 110

poor performance and, 107

qualitative assessments, 109

reasons to eliminate appraisals in, 100103

rethinking, 9395, 102, 110111

teamwork and, 101102

Theory Y approach to, 96

performance ratings, 137138

Pisano, Gary P., 175, 187, 188

Pixar Animation Studios, 122

platform technologies, 176178

Polaris Partners, 173, 177, 187

police, 155. See also class divisions

poor, 152153. See also class divisions

population-based payment. See capitation

Porter, Michael, 2, 13, 6991

Priceline, 161

problem solving, by employees, 119120

Procter & Gamble (P&G), 1011, 15, 1718

product design, for habit, 910

product development, 101

product innovations, 2

professional consistency, 2325, 2930, 3536

progressives, 152154. See also class divisions

Prokesch, Steven, 171190

purchase decisions, 35, 1421. See also customer loyalty

PwC, 100, 105, 111

pyramid search, 4243

racism, 155. See also class divisions

radio frequency identification (RFID) chips, 5859, 61

Republican Party, 149150, 154. See also class divisions

research approach, multidisciplinary, 172, 180183

research, medical, 171190

researchers, 179180, 184

Ritz-Carlton, 122, 130

Rosenfield, Andrew M., 2336

rural areas, 153154. See also class divisions

Samsung, 9

Samsung Galaxy S5, 1213

Schibsted, 19

scientific research, 171190

Sears, 101

Semco Group, 130

semiconductor industry, 57

sexism, 151152. See also class divisions

Sharp, 125

Skype, 161

Smith Barney, 133

Snickers, 15

social programs, 153. See also class divisions

Southwest Airlines, 2, 119

status quo, 115, 121122, 125, 127130

Stellar, 166167

stereotypes, 109, 142

straight talk, 151. See also class divisions

Sun, 161

Sun Communities, 110

Swift & Company, 137

talent development, 9698, 100101, 104105

Target, 1819

Tavis, Anna, 93111

TCP/IP, 160161, 162, 170

teamwork, 98, 101102, 142, 180183

technological change, 5354

technology

analyzing threat from new, 64

blockchain, 157170

coexistence between old and new, 5962, 65

distributed computer networking, 159161

ecosystems, 5467

emerging, 1517, 5367

feedback, 108110

foundational, 159, 163168

improvements in existing, 56

inflection points and, 1517

information, 16

patterns of adoption, 159161

premature action and, 5354

platform, 176178

resource allocation and, 6566

substitution, 5661, 64

Tesla Motors, 4950, 63

Tide, 45, 811, 15. See also Procter & Gamble

transactions, 157158, 162163, 165166. See also blockchain

translational research, 174

Traverso, Giovanni, 180, 182183, 185

Tropicana, 15

Trump, Donald, 150, 151, 152, 155

Unilever, 2, 5, 15, 18

urban-rural divide, 153154. See also class divisions

U.S. military, 95, 97, 104, 141142

value-based reimbursement, 6991

bundled payments, 6970, 71, 7491

capitation, 6974, 79, 89, 9091

value propositions, 56, 14

Vanguard, 2

virtual currencies, 157, 163, 166. See also blockchain

visual confirmation, 4648

visual discovery, 4550

visual exploration, 4850

visualizations, 3752

declarative, 4041

exploratory, 4041

force-directed diagrams, 49

Gartner Hype Cycle, 3940

idea generation, 4445

idea illustration, 4243

nature and purpose of, 3841

types of, 4152

visual discovery, 4550

when to use, 38

Welch, Jack, 97, 98, 105

white working class, 149155. See also class divisions

Williams, Joan C., 149155

women

college recruitment targeting, 139141, 144

in management, 147

working class, 149155

World Wide Web, 160161. See also blockchain

YouTube, 17

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