INDEX

Aberrations, 115, 116–119

and lens design, 123–124

and wide-field lenses, 128

Accessories, 136–145

Achromatic lenses, 122

Air bells, 66

Angle of view, 50–51, 80, 82–83

Aperture, 92

and coverage, 76

Aperture ring, 92

Apochromat lenses, 109, 127–128

Architectural photography, 2, 29

Area array back, 112–113

Aspect ratios, 82

Aspheric lens, 117

Astigmatism, 117, 123

Atget, Eugène, 76

Atmospheric effect, 47

Axial chromatic aberration, 119

Axis tilts, 54

Back

area array, 112–113

reducing, 145

scanning, 112

spring, 9, 10, 12

Back focus, 132

Back rise, 25

Back shift, 40

Back swing, 23, 34–39

Back tilt, 22, 25, 27–29, 31, 32

Bail lever, 12

Banquet camera, 101

Barrel distortion, 118

Base tilts, 54

Bellows, 9, 151, 153–154

in camera development, 95

maintenance of, 162

Bellows extension factor, 54–56, 57

Bellows extensions, extreme, 139–140

Cable release, 17, 87, 140, 161

Callahan, Harry, 26, 27

Camera(s), 1, 95

accessories for, 136–145

banquet, 101

categorization of, 6

electronic view, 111–113

framing and focusing of, 15–16

mounting of, 14–15

optional parts for, 151, 153–157

Polaroid, 146–151

positioning of, 15

reflex, 15, 109–111, 116

setup of, 50–51

view, 1, 2 (see also View camera)

Camera obscura, 95, 121

Camera stands, 136–140

Canham, K. B., 101

Cardinal points, 115

Cases, camera, 143

Charge-coupled device (CCD), 112

Chevalier, Charles, 122

Chiarenza, Carl, 2

Chromatic aberration, 119

Circle of coverage, 75, 77

Circle of good definition, 75

Circle of illumination, 75

Code notches, 62

Color separations, 108

Coma, 117

Compendium bellows, 143, 154

Connor, Linda, 4

Contact-printing frame, 72

Convergence, 29

horizontal, 36

vertical, 29, 32

Coverage, 40, 75–80

Covering circle, 75, 77

Crane, Barbara, 129

Custom lab, 65

Cut film, 60

Daguerre, L. J. M., 95

Darkcloth, 15, 141–142

Darkslide, 16–17, 61–62

Davidson, Bruce, 2

Daylight developing tanks, 70–71

Depth of field, 44–47

Developing film, 65–71

Diaphragm, 92

Diffraction, 120

Digital image capture, 111–112

Digital photographs, 3

Distortion, 118

Dow, Jim, 131

Edgerton, Harold, 90, 91

Electronic view camera, 111–113

Enlarger, 97

Enlarging, 73

Exposure, 16–17

Exposure compensations, 54–57

Exposure index, 56

Fall, 20

front, 24

Field angle, 77

Field camera, 6, 100–101

Field curvature, 118

Field illumination, 120–121

Film

developing of, 65–71

exposure of, 64

Film holder, 16, 61, 144–145

maintenance of, 161–162

Film plane, 18, 19, 43

Film system, 58–64

Filter holders, 142

Filters, 142

Flare, 119–120

Flatbed camera, 6, 95, 97–99

descendants of, 6, 100–111

Focal length, and coverage, 79

Focus, plane of, 20, 42–44, 50–51, 52, 53

Focusing, 15–16

Focus shift, 91, 117

Fogging, 16

Franking, 15

Front fall, 24

Front rise, 24, 25

Front (lens) shift, 25, 44

Front (lens) swing, 23, 43

Front (lens) tilt, 21, 25, 43, 51, 158

Gauss, K. F., 126

Giroux, Alphonse, 95

Glass, ground, 12–13, 15, 154–155

Goldbeck, E. O., 102

Gowin, Emmet, 78

Gowland, Peter, 111

Grafmatic film holders, 145

Graham, David, 47, 158

Grohe, Steve, 82, 156

Ground glass, 12–13, 15, 154–155

Halftones, 108

Hess, Allen, 103

Hester, Paul, 29

Höegh, Emil von, 124

Hoods, viewing, 142

Image distance, 79

and coverage, 80

Image plane, 115

Inverse square law, 55–56

Jackson, William Henry, 96, 97, 98

Johnson, Stephen, 3

Juckes, Geoff, 153

Keystone effect, 26, 27–29

Klett, Mark, 38, 39, 149

Land, Edwin, 146

Landscape lenses, 122

Lange, Dorothea, 110

Lateral color, 119

Law of reciprocity, 56

Left-handed photographer, 11

Lens, 13, 74

achromatic, 122

anatomy of, 114–121

and angle of view, 80, 82–83

and coverage, 75–80

maintenance of, 159–160

origin of term, 121–122

and perspective, 83–85

retrofocus, 116, 132

wide-field, 101, 125–126, 128–132

Lensboard(s), 13, 155

Lens design

and coverage, 77

history of, 121–126

modern, 127–132

Lens plane, 18, 19, 20

Lens (front) tilt, 21, 25, 43, 51, 158

Lighting, 47

Light meters, 140–141

Light source, 73

Linear perspective, 47

Loupe, 15–16, 155

Magnification ratio, 80

Meniscus lens, 122

Meyer, Hugo, 125, 126

Monorail view camera, 1, 6–13, 99

cases for, 143

tripod adapter for, 139–140

Monostands, 137–138

Movements, camera, 18

Negatives, storing of, 71–72

Niépce, Joseph Nicéphore, 95

Nodal points, 115

rear, 79, 115–116

Object distance, 16, 79

Object plane, 115

Optical axis, 18, 19

O’Sullivan, Timothy, 9, 38, 39

Packard shutter, 94

Panoramic view cameras, 101

Parker, Bart, 84

PC connector, 91

Perspective, 20, 26–27, 47

control of, 20, 26–42

demonstration of, 48–49

and lens, 83–85

Petrella, Joe, 105

Petzval, Josef, 99, 122–123

Pielage, Hans, 116

Pin-cushion distortion, 118

Plane of focus, 20, 42–44, 50–51, 52, 53

Polaroid films, 16, 146–151

Polaroid holders, 162

Popping, 73

Positioning of camera, 15

Press cameras, 6, 105–106

Press-focus lever, 15, 88

Principal planes, 115

Printing, 72–73

Process cameras, 108–109

Purcell, Rosamond Wolff, 148

Quick-release adapter, 139

Radius of curvature, 115

Rail, 7

Ray tracing, 115

Rear nodal point, 79, 115–116

Reciprocity failure, 56–57

Reducing back, 145

Reflex camera, 15, 109–111

lens on, 116

Refractive index, 115

Resolution, 75

Retarding mechanism, 87

Retrofocus lens, 116, 132

Reuter, John, 151

Richfield, Robert, 134

Rise, 20

back, 25

front, 24, 25

Roll-film adapter, 145

Rudolph, Paul, 125

Scanning, 111

Scanning backs, 112

Scheimpflug Principle, 43–44, 45, 51

Schott, Otto, 123

Self-timer, 90

Service bureaus, 65

Setting up, 50–51

Sheet film, 60

Sheet-film developing tanks, 68

Sheet-film hangers, 68

Shift, 20

back, 40

front (lens), 25, 44

vertical lens, 24

Shutter, 13, 86–90

behind-the-lens, 93–94

and diaphragm, 92

maintenance of, 160–161

synchronization of, 90–91

Spanner wrench, 160

Spherical aberration, 116, 117

Spheric section, 114

Sprayers, 159

Spring back, 9, 10, 12

Standards, 7–9

Stein, Geoff, 29

Steinberg, Robert J., 5

Stieglitz, Alfred, 109

Storing negatives, 71–72

Strand, Paul, 109

Strobe light, 90

Sutton, Thomas, 109–111

Swing, 20

back, 23, 34–39

front (lens), 23, 43

Synch cable, 91

Tailboard camera, 98

Talbot, William Henry Fox, 95, 101

Taylor, Paul S., 110

Technical cameras, 6, 106–107

Telephoto lens, 85, 116

Thall, Bob, 163

Tilt, 20

back, 22, 25, 27–29, 31, 32

base vs. axis, 54

front (lens), 21, 25, 43, 51, 158

Transverse chromatic aberration, 119

Triplet lens, 125, 128

Tripod, 14, 136–137

maintenance of, 162

Tripod adapters, 139–140

Tripod head, 14, 138–139

Vanishing point, 29

Vantage point, 26

Vertical convergence, 29, 32

Vertical lens shift, 24

View camera, 1, 2, 6

development of, 95–111

film system of, 58

flatbed, 6, 95, 97–99

lens and shutter of, 74

monorail, 1, 6–13, 99, 139–140, 143

Viewing hoods, 142

Wagner, Catherine, 132

Waldvogel, Fred, 18

Waterhouse stops, 93

Watkins, Carleton, 97

“Weegee the Famous,” 104

White, Minor, 146

Wide-field lenses, 101, 125–126, 128–132

Wolf, Reinhart, 152, 153

Wollaston, William Hyde, 122

Wrench, spanner, 160

Zeiss, Carl, 124

Zero position, 15

Zone System, 58, 60, 93