This is a book about finance, intended for professionals and future professionals. I am not trying to sell you any security, or give you any investment advice. The views expressed here are solely mine and do not necessarily reflect those of any entity directly or indirectly related to me. I took great care in proofreading this book, but I disclaim any responsibility for any remaining errors and any use to which the contents of this book is put. Some chapters contain original research material whose accuracy cannot be guaranteed.