Note: page numbers in italics refer to figures.

• Aboriginal artists
• Abramović, Marina
• activism see artist activism
• advertising
• aesthetics, relational
• Africa
  • Documenta11
  • Egypt see Egypt
  • Johannesburg Biennale
  • Manifesta
  • non aligned countries
• Africus: 1st Johannesburg Biennale (1995)
• Ai Weiwei
• Albania, Tirana Biennale
• Albarn, Keith
• Aldana, Erin Denise
• Alexandria Biennale (Première Biennale de la Méditerranée)
• Amaral, Aracy
• Andre, Carl
• anthropology
• apartheid
• Aperto 93 (exhibition)
• Appiah, Kwame Anthony
• APT see Asia Pacific Triennial (APT, Brisbane)
• Arab Art, Cairo International Biennial of
• Arab Art Biennale
• Araeen, Rasheed
• art critics
• art dealers
• Art Gallery of New South Wales
• art historians
• art history
• artist activism
  • Bienal de São Paulo
  • boycotts
  • Documenta11
  • Istanbul Biennial
  • post 1972 biennial making
• artist dissent, documenta
• artistic directors see curators; specific curators
• artistic independence
• Artists Regional Exchange (ARX)
• art market see commerce
• art museums
  • Asian biennialization (1990s)
  • Chinese biennials
  • collection acquisition
  • documenta 5 and
  • second wave biennials
• art production
  • contemporaneity
  • documenta
• ARX (Artists Regional Exchange)
• Ascott, Roy
• Asia
  • before 1989
  • biennialization in 1990s see Asian biennialization (1990s)
  • South–South biennials' history
  • 21st century art circuits
    • contemporaneity
    • destabilized regional art worlds
    • Grand Tour
    • negotiated inequality
  • see also specific countries
• Asian Art Biennale, Dhaka
• Asian Art Show, Fukuoka see Fukuoka Asian Art Show
• Asian biennialization (1990s)
  • artist selection
  • collection acquisition
  • conservatism
  • dialogue
  • emerging biennial networks
  • exhibition models
  • experimental vs traditional art
  • postcolonialism
  • regionalism
  • venues
• Asia Pacific Triennial (APT, Brisbane)
  • artist selection
  • catalogues
  • conservatism
  • constructive altruism
  • dialogue
  • experimental vs traditional art
  • ideological patronage
  • “Kids Asia Pacific Triennial”
  • regionalism
• asylum seekers/refugees
• audiences
  • Asian biennialization (1990s)
  • Bataille Monument
  • biennials' function
  • Johannesburg Biennale
  • politics of art
  • provincial biennials
  • 21st century art circuits
• Australia
  • APT see Asia Pacific Triennial (APT, Brisbane)
  • Artists Regional Exchange (ARX)
  • Asian biennialization (1990s)
  • Mildura Sculpturescape
  • Sydney Biennale
  • Szeemann pre documenta
  • US soft power
• Australia Council for the Arts
• Austria, Documenta11
• auteur curators
  • Asia Pacific Triennial
  • collection acquisition
  • Enwezor's curatorial teams
  • escape from need for
  • second wave biennials
  • Szeemann as see Szeemann, Harald
• authoritarianism
• authority, curatorial
  • Asia Pacific Triennial
  • auteur curators
  • Bienal de La Habana
  • collection acquisition
  • delegation see delegating authority
  • Enwezor
• al Azzawi, Dia

• Backstein, Joseph
• Baghdad
• Bahia, 2nd Bienal de
• Baker, George
• Baltic biennials
• Bamako, Rencontres de
• Bandung accords
• Bangladesh
• Barmé, Geremie
• Baroni, Bassam El
• Basualdo, Carlos
• Bataille Monument (Hirschhorn)
• Bauer, Ute Meta
• Beijing Biennale
• Beijing Olympics (2008)
• Belgiorno Nettis, Franco
• Belgium
• Bergen Biennial (2009)
• Berlin
• Bern Kunsthalle
• Beuys, Joseph
  • Bienal de São Paulo
  • documenta
  • documenta
  • Documenta11
• biennial, use of term
• biennialization, use of term
• biennial making, post 1972
• The Biennial Reader: The Bergen Biennial Conference
• biennial scholarship
• Birnbaum, Daniel
• Bishop, Claire
• Block, René
• Bode, Arnold
• Boîte en Valise (Duchamp)
• Bonami, Francesco
  • delegation of authority
  • 50th Venice Biennale
  • Manifesta
  • Tirana Biennale
• Bonito Oliva, Achille
• Book from the Sky (Xu Bing)
• “Borderline Syndrome” (Manifesta 3)
• borders
  • destabilized regional art worlds
  • Emergency Biennale in Chechnya
  • Enwezor's work and
  • Manifesta
  • Tirana Biennale
• Bourriaud, Nicolas
• boycotts
• Brazil
• Brisbane APT see Asia Pacific Triennial (APT, Brisbane)
• Bruguera, Tania
• Buchholz, Lara
• Buden, Boris
• bureaucracy
• Buren, Daniel
• Burn, Ian
• Burning Down the House (Gwangju Biennale)
• Büro der Organisation für direkte Demokratie durch Volksabstimmung (Beuys)
• Busan Biennale

• Cairo
• Camnitzer, Luis
• Camouflage (exhibition)
• Cape Town
• capitalism, neoliberal see neoliberalism
• Caribbean Biennial (Cattelan)
• Castro, Fidel
• catalogues
  • Asian biennialization (1990s)
  • Bergen Biennial
  • documenta
  • documenta X
  • Documenta11
  • exhibitions as
  • Manifesta
  • 6th Caribbean Biennial
  • Sydney Biennale
  • Tirana Biennale 1: Escape
• Cattelan, Maurizio
• censorship, Brazil
  • see also artistic independence
• Chechen conflict
• children
• China
  • Asian biennialization (1990s)
  • Beijing Biennale
  • contemporaneity
  • Guangzhou Triennial
  • negotiated inequality
  • Shanghai Biennale
  • 21st century art circuits
  • Venice Biennale
• Christo
• Christov Bakargiev, Carolyn
• Ciccillo Matarazzo Pavilion
• Clark, John
• Clifford, James
• Cold War
  • documenta
  • post 1989 European biennials
  • pre 1989 European biennials
  • Saigon 1962 biennial
  • São Paulo and Sydney
  • South–South biennials
• collaboration
• collectives
• Cologne Kunstverein
• Colombia
• colonialism/decolonization
  • Asian biennialization (1990s)
  • Documenta11
  • global art circuits
  • Johannesburg Biennale
  • South–South biennials
  • see also postcolonialism
• Coltejer, Bienal de Arte
• commerce
  • collection acquisition
  • post 1972 biennial making
  • 2nd Johannesburg Biennale
  • Tirana Biennale
  • 21st century art circuits
  • Venice Biennale
• commercial sponsorship
• community programs
• conceptual art
  • documenta
  • Sydney Biennale
• conservatism
• consumerism
• contemporaneity
  • Asian biennialization (1990s)
  • colonialism
  • Documenta11
  • 21st century art circuits
• contemporary art
  • biennials' function
  • contemporaneity see contemporaneity
  • documenta 5's importance
  • globalization see globalization
• coordinated biennials see global art circuits
• corporate sponsors see commercial sponsorship
• cosmopolitanism
• Creative Cities
• creativity, Beuys on
• critical regionalism
• Cuba, biennials see La Habana, Bienal de
• cultural geography
• cultural infrastructure
• cultural laboratories see documenta, documenta
• cultural movement see migration
• cultural translation
  • Bienal de São Paulo
  • founding of Sydney Biennale
  • Third Sydney Biennale
• curatorial, the
• curators
  • art historians
  • Asian biennialization (1990s)
    • artist selection
    • collection acquisition
    • conservatism
    • dialogue
    • experimental vs traditional art
    • Gwangju Biennale
    • ideological patronage
    • regionalism
  • auteur see auteur curators; Szeemann, Harald
  • authoritarian states
  • Bienal de La Habana
  • biennials' function
  • Chinese biennials
  • delegation of authority
    • Bienal de La Habana
    • Enwezor's impact
    • 50th Venice Biennale
    • Tirana Biennale
  • documenta 5's impact
  • Documenta11 see documenta, Documenta11 (2002)
  • “edge” biennials
    • Johannesburg
    • Manifesta
  • as editors
  • as God
  • Gwangju Biennale
  • Magiciens de la terre
  • models of responsibility
    • see also delegation of authority above
  • second wave biennials
  • as stars see auteur curators; Szeemann, Harald
  • 21st century art circuits
    • artistic play time
    • contemporaneity
    • destabilized regional art worlds
    • independence
    • travel security
• Cyprus
• Czech Republic

• Dak'Art, Senegal
• David, Catherine
  • documenta X
  • 50th Venice Biennale
• decolonization see colonialism/decolonization
• The Deep of the Modern: Manifesta
• delegating authority
  • Bienal de La Habana
  • Documenta11
  • 50th Venice Biennale
  • Tirana Biennale
• Delhi
  • Bandung accords
  • Documenta11
  • Raqs Media Collective
  • Triennale India 1968
• democracy
  • Bataille Monument
  • Beuys's Büro
  • Grafični Bienale
  • 21st century art circuits
• Demos, T.J.
• Denizot, René
• deterritorialization
• Dhaka
• dialogue
  • Asian biennialization (1990s)
  • Manifesta
  • second wave biennials
  • South–South biennials
  • Tirana Biennale
• The Dictatorship of the Viewer (50th Venice Biennale)
• difference, cultural
• directors see curators; specific curators
• discursive format
• displacement see migration
• display spaces see venues
• documenta
• documenta, documenta
• documenta, documenta 5 (1972)
  • art historians usurped
  • artists' dissent
  • art production
  • catalogue
  • critics' responses
  • curator's authority
  • Documenta11 and
  • funding
  • history
  • importance
  • individual mythologies
  • premise
  • semiotics
• documenta, documenta X (1997)
• documenta, Documenta11 (2002)
  • artistic canon shift
  • artist selection
  • Bataille Monument
  • catalogue
  • criticisms
  • curatorial team
  • curator's subaltern plan
  • curator–art historian link
  • deterritorialization
  • effect on Bonami
  • “Platforms”
  • Raqs Media Collective
  • as spectacle
• documenta, dOCUMENTA (13) (2012)
• Dreams and Conflicts (50th Venice Biennale)
• Duchamp, Marcel

• Eastern–Western Europe divide
• “edges”, biennials navigating
  • Emergency Biennale in Chechnya
  • Johannesburg
  • post 1989 European
  • see also peripheries
• editors, curators as
• education
• Egypt
• Elkins, James
• Emergency Biennale in Chechnya
• Empire
• Enwezor, Okwui
  • biography
  • Documenta11
    • appointment
    • artistic canon shift
    • artist selection
    • Bataille Monument
    • criticisms
    • curatorial team
    • deterritorialization
    • “Platforms”
    • subaltern plan
  • Gwangju Biennale
  • impact on later curators
  • 2nd Johannesburg Biennale (1997)
• Erdemci, Fulya
• Escape: Tirana Biennale
• Esche, Charles
• Euro American art world
  • Asian biennialization (1990s)
    • APT's regionalism
    • contemporaneity
    • Fukuoka vision
    • ideological patronage
  • Documenta11
  • Greenberg on
  • Johannesburg Biennale
  • Occidentalism
  • São Paulo and Sydney
  • South–South biennials
  • Venice Biennale
• Europe
  • Documenta11's background
  • Eastern–Western divide
  • 21st century art circuits
  • see also Euro American art world; specific countries
• European Dialogue (Third Sydney Biennale)
• European Union (EU)
• exile, aesthetics of
• experimental vs traditional art
  • 21st century art circuits
• expo art

• Feng Boyi
• Ferguson, Lorna
• festivalism
• Fijen, Hedwig
• financial crisis see Global Recession
• financial resources
  • documenta
  • Johannesburg
  • postcommunist Europe
  • Sydney Biennale
  • Tirana Biennale
• Finland
• Fischer, Konrad
• Fish Story (Sekula)
• Flash Art (magazine)
• Folkestone triennial
• Foster, Hal
• Fowle, Kate
• France
• freelance directors see itinerant directors
• Friedman, Hazel
• Fuck Off (exhibition)
• Fukuoka Art Museum
• Fukuoka Asian Art Museum (FAAM)
• Fukuoka Asian Art Show
  • artist selection
  • conservatism
  • dialogue
  • emerging biennial networks
  • exhibition model
  • experimental vs traditional art
  • ideological patronage
  • regionalism
• Fukuyama, Francis
• Fusco, Coco

• Gardner, Anthony
• Genk
• geopolitics see politics
• Germany
  • Happenings & Fluxus
  • Kassel
  • 21st century art circuits
  • see also documenta
• Ghez, Susanne
• Gioni, Massimiliano
• global art
  • Asian biennialization (1990s)
  • circuits of see global art circuits
  • “edge” navigating biennials
  • Magiciens de la terre (1989)
  • production
  • Tirana Biennale
• global art circuits
  • artistic play time
  • contemporaneity
  • destabilized regional art worlds
  • negotiated inequality
• globalism
• globalization
  • biennials' function
  • cultural geography
  • Documenta11
  • 50th Venice Biennale
  • Johannesburg Biennale
  • see also global art; globalized exhibition making
• globalized exhibition making
  • Bienal de São Paulo
  • founding of Sydney Biennale
  • post 1979 Sydney Biennale
  • South–South artistic axes
  • Third Sydney Biennale
• Global Recession
• glocal, the
• Grafični (Graphics) Bienale
• Grand Tour
• Great Recession see Global Recession
• Green, Charles
• Greenberg, Reesa
• Griffin, Tim
• Guangzhou Triennial
• Gu Wenda
• Gwangju, World Biennial Forum
• Gwangju Biennale

• Haacke, Hans
• Habana, Bienal de La see La Habana, Bienal de
• Hal, Marieke van
• Hall, Doug
• Hall, Stuart
• Happenings & Fluxus (exhibition)
• Hardt, Michael
• Hassan, Salah
• Havana Biennial see La Habana, Bienal de
• heritage art see experimental vs traditional art
• hierarchies
• Hirschhorn, Thomas
• hoaxes
• Höller, Carsten
• Hou Hanru
  • 50th Venice Biennale
  • Shanghai Biennale
  • 21st century art circuits
• Hunter, Robert

• identity politics
• immigration see migration
• India
  • Asian biennialization (1990s)
  • Bandung accords
  • Documenta11
  • Raqs Media Collective
  • Triennale India 1968
• individual mythologies
• Indonesia
  • Asian biennialization (1990s)
  • Bandung accords
  • 21st century art circuits
• infrastructure, cultural
• Institute of International Visual Arts (Iniva)
• Institutional Critique
• institutionalized biennial making
• interdisciplinarity
• internationalism
• international relations
• internet
• Introduction to New English Calligraphy (Xu Bing)
• Iraq
• Is the Museum a Battlefield? (Steyerl)
• Istanbul Biennial
• Italy
  • Flash Art (magazine)
  • migrants and refugees
  • postwar emigrants
  • see also Venice Biennale
• itinerant audiences
• itinerant biennials
  • Arab Art
  • Emergency Biennale in Chechnya
  • Johannesburg
  • Manifesta
• itinerant directors
  • collection acquisition
  • second wave biennials
• I want to leave a nice well done child here (exhibition)

• Japan
  • Fukuoka see Fukuoka Asian Art Show
• Jeanne Claude
• Johannesburg Biennale
• joke as art
• Joselit, David
• Jouanno, Evelyne
• Judd, Donald

• Kaldor, John
• Kapur, Geeta
• Kassel
  • Platform 5 (Documenta11)
  • see also documenta
• Kentridge, William
• “Kids Asia Pacific Triennial”
• Knafo, Robert
• Koichi, Yasunaga
• Korea
  • Busan Biennale
  • Gwangju Biennale
  • World Biennial Forum
• Kosuth, Joseph
• Kržišnik, Zoran
• Kwangju Biennale see Gwangju Biennale

• La Habana, Bienal de (Havana Biennial)
  • artist dialogue
  • contemporaneity
  • curatorial authority
  • discursive format
  • importance
  • remit
  • Second (1986)
• Latin and South America
  • Bienal de Arte Coltejer
  • Bienal de La Habana
  • Bienal de São Paulo
  • legacy of biennials
• Le Va, Barry
• Levin, Kim
• LeWitt, Sol
• liberal democracy
• liberalized artistic form
• Lind, Maria
• Lippard, Lucy
• Ljubljana
  • Grafični Bienale
  • Manifesta
• Llanes Godoy, Llilian
• local, the
  • Alexandria's biennial
  • Asian biennialization (1990s)
  • Bienal de São Paulo
  • Documenta11
  • Johannesburg Biennale
  • Sydney Biennale
  • Tirana Biennale
  • 21st century art circuits
• London
• Lu Jie

• Magiciens de la terre (global survey)
• Maharaj, Sarat
• Malangi, David
• Mandela, Nelson
• Manifesta
• marketing
• Martin, Jean Hubert
• Martin, Marilyn
• McCullough, Thomas G.
• Medellín
• Mediterraneanism
• Méditerranée, Première Biennale de la
• Mendive, Manuel
• Mercer, Kobena
• Merewether, Charles
• meta exhibition model
• Meyer, James
• migration
  • Emergency Biennale in Chechnya
  • from Albania
  • Johannesburg Biennale
  • Manifesta
• Mildura Sculpturescape
• A Million Miles from Home (Folkestone triennial)
• Milliss, Ian
• Mizusawa Tsutomo
• mobile biennials see itinerant biennials
• modern art
• modernism
• “Mom, Am I Barbarian?” (Istanbul Biennial)
• Monté Verita
• Morgan, Jessica
• Morris, Robert
• Moscow Biennale (2005)
• Mosquera, Gerardo
• movement see migration
• Muka, Edi
• multiculturalism
• Museum Fridericianum, Kassel
  • see also documenta
• museums
  • of art see art museums
  • as works of art
• mythologies, individual

• Nakahara Yusuke
• Nash, Mark
• Nasser, Gamal Abdel
• national independence
• nationalism
  • Asian biennialization (1990s)
  • Enwezor's refusal of
  • ideology challenged
• nationality
• Negri, Antonio
• neoexpressionism
• neoliberalism
  • Asian biennialization (1990s)
  • biennials' function
  • biennials as symptom
  • the critical and
  • culture–power relation
  • Tirana Biennale
  • 21st century art circuits
• Nesbit, Molly
  • see also Utopia Station
• Netherlands
• networked biennials see global art circuits
• New Delhi
  • Bandung accords
  • Documenta11
  • Triennale India 1968
• Niemeyer, Oscar
• Nightsea Crossing (Abramović and Ulay)
• nomadism see itinerant entries
• non aligned nations
• North Atlantic art world see Euro American art world
• Norway

• Obrist, Hans Ulrich
  • see also Utopia Station
• Occidentalism
• Occupy movement
• Ogbechie, Sylvester Okwunodu
• Oguibe, Olu
• Okeke Agulu, Chika
• Oldenburg, Claes
• Olympic Games
• O'Neill, Paul
• Orientalism
• Orozco, Gabriel
• Orta, Lucy

• Pacific Rim
  • see also Asia; Australia
• Palestine
• Paris
  • Biennale
  • Magiciens de la terre
• Paroissien, Leon
• Parr, Mike
• Pastor Roces, Marian
• performance art
• peripheralism
  • see also global art circuits
• peripheries
  • political “edges” see “edges”
  • second wave biennials
  • Tirana Biennale
  • 21st century art circuits
  • see also Asian biennialization (1990s); South–South biennials
• Persekian, Jack
• photorealism
• physical displacement see migration
• Piccardo, Hamid
• platforms/Platforms
• play
• politics
  • of art
  • Asian biennialization (1990s)
  • biennials' function
  • Chinese biennials
  • documenta
  • Documenta11
  • “edge” navigating biennials
    • Emergency Biennale in Chechnya
    • Johannesburg
    • post 1989 European
  • Kwangju Biennale Declaration
  • power–culture relation
  • São Paulo and Sydney
  • South–South biennials
  • Tirana Biennale
  • 21st century art circuits
• Politi, Giancarlo
• Pollard, Bruce
• portable art
• Poshyananda, Apinan
• postcolonialism
  • Asian biennialization (1990s)
  • Documenta11
  • Johannesburg Biennale
  • Manifesta
• postcommunist Europe
• postmodernism
• power–culture relation
• Prague
• provincialism
• public relations
• Putin, Vladimir

• Qalandiya International (QI)
• Qëndro, Gësim
• Qiu Zhijie
• Queensland Art Gallery (QAG), APT see Asia Pacific Triennial (APT, Brisbane)

• race
  • Documenta11
  • Johannesburg Biennale
• Raiji, Kuroda
• Rama, Edi
• Raqs Media Collective
• Rasmussen, Waldo
• Rauma, Biennale Balticum
• realism
• recession see Global Recession
• refugees/asylum seekers
• regional, the
  • Asian biennialization (1990s)
  • destabilized regional art worlds
  • “edge” navigating biennials
  • second wave biennials
  • South–South biennial history
  • South–South biennial legacy
  • 21st century art circuits
• relational aesthetics
• Renton, Andrew
• representation politics
• Restany, Pierre
• revolution
• Robben Island Museum
• Roces, Marian Pastor
• Rockburne, Dorothea
• Rodboon, Somporn
• Romantic travel
• Rugoff, Ralph
• Russia
  • Chechen conflict
  • Cold War see Cold War
  • Manifesta
  • Moscow Biennale (2005)

• Sabapathy, T.K.
• Saigon biennial (1962)
• St Lucia
• St Petersburg
• Sala, Anri
• Sandback, Fred
• São Paulo, Bienal de
• Sassen, Saskia
• Schengen Zone
• Schjeldahl, Peter
• Schwarze, Dirk
• second wave biennials
  • Europe
  • São Paulo
  • Sydney
  • see also South–South biennials
• Sekula, Allan
• semiotics, documenta
• Sen, Amartya
• September
• Serra, Richard
• Shanghai Biennale
• shipping
• Sholette, Greg
• Siegelaub, Seth
• Singapore Biennale
• 6th Caribbean Biennial (Cattelan)
• Skulptur Projekte Münster
• Slovenia
  • Grafični Bienale
  • Manifesta
• Smith, Terry
• Smithson, Robert
• Sobhi, Hussein
• Sobrinho, Francisco “Ciccillo” Matarazzo
• socialism
  • see also postcommunist Europe
• socialist realism
• Soejima, Mikio
• Soros Centers for Contemporary Art (SCCAs)
• South Africa
  • Johannesburg Biennale
  • Robben Island Museum
• South America see Latin and South America
• South, global
• South Korea see Korea
• South–South biennials
  • art historical significance
  • as discursive sites
  • Havana
  • history
  • legacies
  • as meeting points
  • origin stories
  • “South” defined
• Soviet Union, Cold War see Cold War
• spaces of display see venues
• Spain
• spectacle(s)
• spectators see audiences
• sponsorship, commercial
• Stallabrass, Julian
• star curators see auteur curators; Szeemann, Harald
• Steyerl, Hito
• suitcases
• Sundaram, Vivan
• Supangkat, Jim
• survey exhibition flagship see documenta, documenta
• Switzerland
• Sydney, art gallery
• Sydney Biennale
  • Bienal de La Habana and
  • catalogues
  • financial support
  • founding
  • post 1979
  • Third
  • 21st century art circuits
  • venues
  • Szeemann, Harald
  • documenta
    • artists' dissent
    • art production
    • authority
    • catalogue
    • critics' responses
    • history
    • importance
    • individual mythologies
    • premise
    • semiotics
  • Sydney Biennale
  • Venice Biennale

• Tate Modern
• Tatlin's Whisper #6 (Havana Version) (Bruguera)
• Tawadros, Gilane
• Third World
• Thomas, Daniel
• Till, Christopher
• Tirana Biennale 1: Escape
• Tiravanija, Rirkrit
  • see also Utopia Station
• Tito
• Tokyo Biennale
• Toscani, Oliviero
• Toshiko, Rawanchaikul
• tourism
  • Johannesburg Biennale taint
  • Tirana Biennale
  • 21st century art circuits
• trade see commerce
• Trade Routes: 2nd Johannesburg Biennale
• traditional art see experimental vs traditional art
• transavantgarde
• trauma model
• travel see migration; tourism
• traveling exhibitions
• Triennale India
• triennials, use of term
• Turkey
• Turner, Caroline

• Ulay
• An Uncooperative Approach: Fuck Off (exhibition)
• United Kingdom (UK)
• United States of America (USA)
  • Asian biennialization
  • history of South–South biennials
  • soft power
  • Third Sydney Biennale
  • see also Cold War; Euro American art world
• USSR, Cold War see Cold War
• utopia(s)
• Utopia Station (50th Venice Biennale)

• Venice
  • decadence
  • 21st century art circuits
  • see also Venice Biennale
• Venice Biennale
  • Aperto
  • Asian biennialization and
  • Chinese artists
  • commercialization
  • Dictatorship of the Viewer (50th)
  • influence
  • migration
  • national pavilions
  • organizational model
  • Szeemann
• venues
  • Asian biennialization (1990s)
  • contemporaneity
  • documenta
  • itinerant biennials see itinerant biennials
  • second wave biennials
  • Venice Biennale
• Vienna
• Vietnam
• visitors see audiences

• Wang Huangsheng
• Wang Min'an
• Waterlow, Nick
• Weems, Carrie Mae
• Weiss, Rachel
• Western art world see Euro American art world
• Western–Eastern Europe divide
• When Attitudes Become Form (exhibition)
• White Elephant or Red Herring manifesto
• Whitelegg, Isobel
• Whitney Biennial (1993)
• women artists
• World Biennial Forums
• Wrapped Coast (Christo and Jeanne Claude)
• Wright, William
• Wuggenig, Ulf
• Wu Hung

• Xu Bing

• Yogyakarta batik artists
• Yogyakarta Biennale
• Yokohama Triennale
• Yongwoo, Lee
• Yugoslavia
  • see also Slovenia

• Zabel, Igor
• Zagreb, music biennial
• Zanini, Walter
• Zaya, Octavio