Contents

Introduction
Preface
Chapter 1:Seeing and Hearing
Seeing
What Light Is
What the Eye Does
How the Brain Sees
How We Perceive Luminance
How We Perceive Color
How We Perceive White
How We Perceive Space
How We Perceive Motion
Hearing
What Sound Is
How the Ear Works
What We Hear
Psychoacoustics
Summary
Chapter 2:Uncompressed Video and Audio: Sampling and Quantization
Sampling and Quantization
Sampling Space
Sampling Time
Sampling Sound
Nyquist Frequency
Quantization
Gradients and Beyond 8-bit
Color Spaces
RGB
RGBA
Y′CbCr
CMYK Color Space
Quantization Levels and Bit Depth
8-bit Per Channel
1-bit (Black and White)
Indexed Color
8-bit Grayscale
16-bit Color (High Color/Thousands of Colors/555/565)
Quantizing Audio
Quantization Errors
Chapter  3:Fundamentals of Compression
Compression Basics: An Introduction to Information Theory
Any Number Can Be Turned Into Bits
The More Redundancy in the Content, the More It Can Be Compressed
The More Efficient the Coding, the More Random the Output
Data Compression
Well-Compressed Data Doesn’t Compress Well
General-Purpose Compression Isn’t Ideal
Small Increases in Compression Require Large Increases in Compression Time
Spatial Compression Basics
Spatial Compression Methods
Run-Length Encoding
Advanced Lossless Compression with LZ77 and LZW
Arithmetic Coding
Discrete Cosine Transformation (DCT)
Chroma Coding and Macroblocks
Finishing the Frame
Temporal Compression
Prediction
Motion Estimation
Bidirectional Prediction
Rate Control
Beyond MPEG-1
Perceptual Optimizations
Alternate Transforms
Wavelet Compression
Fractal Compression
Audio Compression
Sub-Band Compression
Audio Rate Control
Chapter  4:The Digital Video Workflow
Planning
Content
Communication Goals
Audience
Balanced Mediocrity
Production
Postproduction
Acquisition
Preprocessing
Compression
Delivery
Chapter  5:Production, Acquisition, and Post Production
Introduction
Broadcast Standards
NTSC
PAL
SECAM
ATSC
DVB
Preproduction
Production
Production Tips
Picking a Production Format
Types of Production Formats
Acquisition
Video Connections
Audio Connections
Frame Sizes and Rates
Capturing Analog SD
Capturing Component Analog
Capturing Digital
Capturing from Screen
Capture Codecs
Data Rates for Capture
Drive Speed
Postproduction
Postproduction Tips
Chapter  6:Preprocessing
General Principles of Preprocessing
Sweat Interlaced Sources
Use Every Pixel
Only Scale Down
Mind Your Aspect Ratio
Divisible by 16
Err on the Side of Softness
Make It Look Good Before It Hits the Codec
Think About Those First and Last Frames
Decoding
MPEG-2
VC-1
H.264
Color Space Conversion
601/709
Chroma Subsampling
Dithering
Deinterlacing and Inverse Telecine
Deinterlacing
Bob
Telecined Video—Inverse Telecine
Mixed Sources
Progressive Source—Perfection Incarnate
Cropping
Edge Blanking
Letterboxing
Safe Areas
Scaling
Aspect Ratios
Downscaling, Not Upscaling
Scaling Algorithms
Scaling Interlaced
Mod16
Noise Reduction
Sharpening
Blurring
Low-Pass Filtering
Spatial Noise Reduction
Temporal Noise Reduction
AVISynth
FFT3DFilter
VagueDenoiser
BlindPP
Deblock
Luma Adjustment
Normalizing Black
Brightness
Contrast
Gamma Adjustment
Chroma Adjustment
Saturation
Hue
Frame Rate
Audio Preprocessing
Normalization
Dynamic Range Compression
Audio Noise Reduction
Chapter  7:Using Video Codecs
Bitstream
Profiles and Level
Profile
Level
Data Rates
Compression Efficiency
Rate Control
VBR and CBR
1-Pass versus 2-Pass (and 3-Pass?)
Frame Size
Aspect Ratio/Pixel Shape
Bit Depth and Color Space
Frame Rate
Keyframe Rate/GOP Length
Inserted Keyframes
B-Frames
Open/Closed GOP
Minimum Frame Quality
Encoder Complexity
Achieving Balanced Mediocrity with Video Compression
Choosing a Codec
Chapter  8:Using Audio Codecs
Choosing Audio Codecs
General-Purpose Codecs vs. Speech Codecs
Sample Rate
Bit Depth
Channels
Data Rate
CBR and VBR
Encoding Speed
Tradeoffs
Sample Rate
Bit Depth
Channels
Stereo Encoding Mode
Data Rate
CBR vs. VBR
Chapter  9:MPEG 1 and 2
MPEG-1
MPEG-2
MPEG File Formats
Elementary Stream
Program Stream
Transport Stream
MPEG-1 Video
MPEG-2 Video
Interlaced Video
What Happened to MPEG-3?
MPEG-2 Profiles and Levels
Audio
MPEG-1 Audio
MPEG-2 Audio
Dolby Digital (AC-3)
DTS (Digital Theater Systems)
MPEG Audio
MPEG-1 for Universal Playback
MPEG-2 for Authoring
MPEG-2 for Broadcast
ATSC
DVB
CableLabs
MPEG Compression Tips and Tricks
352 from 704 from 720
Slow, High-Quality Modes
Use 2-Pass VBR
Mind Your Aspect Ratios
Get Field Order Straight
Progressive Best Effort
Minimize Reference Frames
Minimum Bitrate
Preprocess with a Light Hand
MPEG-2 Encoding Tools
Canopus ProCoder
Rhozet Carbon Coder
Main Concept
Apple’s MPEG-2
HC Encoder
CinemaCraft
Chapter  10:MP3
MP3 Rate Control Modes
CBR
VBR
ABR
MP3 Modes
Mono
Mid/Side Encoding
Joint Stereo
Normal Stereo
FhG
Lame
–abr (Average Bit Rate)
–c Constant Bit Rate
–v (Variable Bit Rate)
–q (Quality)
MP3 Encoding Examples
mp3Pro
Chapter  11:MPEG-4
MPEG-4 Architecture
MPEG-4 File Format
Boxes
Tracks
Fast-Start
Fragmented MPEG-4 files
The tragedy of BIFS
MPEG-4 Streaming
MPEG-4 Players
MPEG-4 Profiles and Levels
MPEG-4 Video Codecs
MPEG-4 Part 2
H.264
VC-1
MPEG-4 Audio Codecs
Advanced Audio Coding (AAC)
Code-Excited Linear Prediction (CELP)
Adaptive Multi-Rate (AMR)
Chapter  12:MPEG-4 part 2 Video Codec
The DivX/Xvid Saga
Why MPEG-4 Part 2?
Consumer Electronics
Mobile
Low Power PC playback
Why Not Part 2?
H.264 or VC-1 Is Already There
Lower Efficiency
What’s Unique About MPEG-4 Part 2
Custom Quantization Tables
B-Frames
Quarter-Pixel Motion Compensation
Global Motion Compensation
Interlaced Support
Last Floating-Point DCT
No In-Loop Deblocking Filter
MPEG-4 Part 2 Profiles
Short Header
Simple Profile
Advanced Simple Profile
Studio Profile
MPEG-4 Part 2 Levels
MPEG-4 Part 2 Implementations
DivX
Xvid
Sorenson Media
Telestream
QuickTime
Chapter  13:Advanced Audio Coding (AAC) and M4A
M4A File Format
AAC Profiles
AAC Encoders
Apple (QuickTime and iTunes)
Coding Technologies (Dolby)
Microsoft
Chapter  14:H.264
Why H.264?
Compression Efficiency
Ubiquity
Why Not H.264?
Decoder Performance
Older Windows Out of the Box
Profile Support
Licensing Costs
What’s Unique About H.264?
4 × 4 blocks
Strong In-Loop Deblocking
Variable Block-Size Motion Compensation
Quarter-Pixel Motion Precision
Multiple Reference Frames
Pyramid B-Frames
Weighted Prediction
Logarithmic Quantization Scale
Flexible Interlaced Coding
CABAC Entropy Coding
Differential Quantization
Quantization Weighting Matricies
Modes Beyond 8-bit 4:2:0
H.264 Profiles
Baseline
Extended
Main
High
Intra Profiles
Scalable Video Coding profiles
Where H.264 Is Used
QuickTime
Flash
Silverlight
Windows 7
Portable Media Players
Consoles
Settings for H.264 Encoding
Profile
Level
Bitrate
Entropy Coding
Slices
Number of B-frames
Pyramid B-frames
Number of Reference Frames
Strength of In-Loop Deblocking
H.264 Encoders
Main Concept
x264
Telestream
QuickTime
Microsoft
H.265 and Next – Generation Video Codec
Chapter  15:FLV
Why FLV?
Compatibility with Older Versions of Flash
Decoder Performance
Alpha Channels
Why Not FLV?
Flash Only
Lower Compression Efficiency
Fewer and More Expensive Professional Tools for VP6
Sorenson Spark (H.263)
Quick Compress
Minimum Quality
Automatic Keyframes
Image Smoothing
Playback Scalability
On2 VP6
Alpha Channel
VP6-S
New VP6 Implementation
VP6 Options
FLV Audio Codecs
MP3
Nellymoser/Speech The
ADPCM
PCM
FLV Tools
Adobe Media Encoder CS4
QuickTime Export Component
Flix
Telestream Flip4Factory and Episode
Sorenson Squeeze
ffmpeg
Chapter  16:Windows Media
Why Windows Media
Windows Playback
Enterprise Video
Interoperable DRM
Why Not Windows Media
Not Supported on Target Platform
The Advanced System Format
Windows Media Player
Windows Media Video Codecs
Windows Media Video 9 (“WMV3”)
Profiles
Windows Media Video 9 Advanced Profile (“WVC1”)
Windows Media Video 9 Screen
Windows Media Video 9.1 Image
Legacy Windows Media Video Codecs
Windows Media Audio Codecs
Encoding Options in Windows Media
Data Rate Modes
Where Windows Media Is Used
Windows Media for ROM Discs and Other Local Playback
Windows Media for Progressive Download
Windows Media for Streaming
Windows Media for Portable Devices
Embedding Windows Media in a Web Page
Windows Media and PlayReady DRM
Windows Media Encoding Tools
VC-1 Encoder SDK
Windows Media Format SDK
Windows XP, Vista, or Server 2008: Format SDK 11
Windows Server 2003: Format SDK 9.5
Windows 7
Low-Latency Webcasting
Encoder Latency
Server Latency
Player Latency
Encoders for Windows Media
Expression Encoder
Windows Media Encoder
Flip4Mac
Episode
WMSnoop
Chapter  17:VC-1
Why VC-1?
Windows Media Compatibility
Quality@Perf
Smooth Streaming
CineVision PSE
Why Not VC-1?
Compression Efficiency Paramount
Licensing Costs
What’s Unique About VC-1?
VC-1 Profiles
Main Profile
Simple Profile
Advanced Profile
Levels in VC-1
Where VC-1 Is Used
Windows Media
Smooth Streaming
Blu-Ray
IPTV
Basic Settings for VC-1 Encoding
Complexity
Buffer Size
Keyframe Rate
Advanced Settings for VC-1 Encoding
GOP Settings
Lookahead
Filter Settings
Perceptual Options
Motion Estimation Settings
Motion Match Method
VideoType
Number of Threads
Encoding Mode Recommendations
High-quality live settings
High-quality offline
Insane offline
Tools for VC-1
Expression Encoder 3
Inlet Fathom
Rhozet Carbon
CineVision PSE
Chapter  18:Windows Media Audio
WMA File Format
Rate Control in Windows Media Audio Codecs
Windows Media Audio 9.2 “Standard”
Windows Media Audio 9 Voice
Windows Media Audio 10 Pro (LBR)
Windows Media Audio 9.2 Lossless
Legacy Windows Media Audio Codecs
Chapter  19:Ogg
Why Ogg?
Avoid Licensing Costs
Preference for a “Free” Format
Native Embedding in Firefox and Chrome
Why Not Ogg?
Lower Compression Efficiency
Not Broadly Supported
Ogg File Format
OGV
OGM
MKV
Ogg Vorbis
Ogg Speex
Ogg FLAC
Ogg Theora
Ogg Dirac
Encoding OGV
Chapter  20:RealMedia
Why RealMedia?
RealMedia Format
RealPlayer
RealPlayer Mobile
Helix DNA Client
RealVideo for Streaming
SureStream
RealVideo for Progressive Download
RealMedia Codecs
RealVideo v10
RealVideo NGV
RealAudio Codecs
RealAudio 10
RealAudio Voice
Stereo Music: RealAudio 8
RealAudio Surround
RealAudio Music
Stereo Music
RealVideo Encoding Tools
RealProducer Basic
Real Producer Plus
Carbon
Easy RealMedia Producer
Chapter  21:Bink
Why Bink?
Why Not Bink?
You’re Not Making a Game
You Need High-Compression Efficiency
File Format and Codecs
Encoder
Playback
Business Model
Chapter  22:Web Video
Connection Speeds on the Web
Kinds of Web Video
Downloadable File
Progressive Download
Real-Time Streaming
Peer-to-Peer
Adaptive Streaming
Hosting
In-House Hosting
Hosting Services
Chapter  23:Optical Disc: DVD, Blu-Ray, and ROM
Introduction
Characteristics of Disc Playback
DVD
DVD Tech Specs
MPEG-2 for DVD
Aspect Ratio
Progressive DVD
Multi-Angle DVD
DVD Audio
DVD Interactivity
DVD Mastering
Blu-ray
Introduction
Blu-Ray Tech Specs
Blu-Ray Video Codecs
Blu-Ray Audio
Blu-Ray Interactivity
Blu-Ray Mastering
Chapter  24:Phones and Devices
Introduction
Phones and Portable Media Players
Consumer Electronics
Why Portable Devices?
Why CE Devices?
How Device Video Is Unique
Getting Content to Devices
Attached Storage via USB
Sideloaded Content
Progressive Download to Devices
Standard Streaming to Devices
Adaptive Streaming to Devices
Sharing to Devices
Windows Media Player/Center and Zune
iTunes
The Walled Garden
Devices of Note
iPod Classic/Nano/Touch and iPhone
Apple TV
Zune
Zune HD
Xbox 360
PlayStation Portable
PlayStation 3
Formats for Devices
MPEG-4
Windows Media and VC-1
AVI/DivX/Xvid
Audio-Only Files for Devices
Encoding for Devices
Chapter  25:Flash
Introduction
Early Years: Flash 1–5
Video Is Introduced: Flash 6–7
VP6 and the Video Breakout: Flash 8–9
The H.264 Era: Flash 9–10
The Future: Mobile and CE Devices
Why Flash?
Ubiquitous Player
Uniform Rich Cross-Platform/Browser Experience
Excellent Codec Support
Why Not Flash?
Higher Total Cost of Ownership for Streaming
Playback Performance
Flash for Progressive Download
Flash for Real-Time Streaming
Dynamic Streaming
Authoring Dynamic Streaming
Flash for Interactive Media
Flash for Conferencing
Flash for Phones
Formats and Codecs for Flash
FLV
MP3
F4V
H.264 in Flash
AAC in Flash
ActionScript Audio Codecs
Encoding Tools for Flash
Adobe Media Encoder
Sorenson Squeeze
Rhozet Carbon/Adobe Flash Media Encoding Server
Adobe Flash Media Live Encoder
Chapter  26:Silverlight
History of Silverlight
NET
Silverlight 1.0
Silverlight 2
Silverlight 3
The Future
Why Silverlight?
Uniform Cross-Platform/Browser Experience
Broad and Extensible Media Format Support
Smooth Streaming
.NET Tooling
Silverlight Enhanced Movies
Why Not Silverlight?
Ubiquity
Performance
Silverlight for Progressive Download
Silverlight for Real-Time Streaming
IIS Smooth Streaming
The Smooth Streaming File Format
CBR Smooth Streaming: v1
VBR Smooth Streaming: v2
Authoring Smooth Streaming
Silverlight for Interactive Media
Silverlight for Devices
Formats and Codecs for Silverlight
Windows Media
MPEG-4 and H.264
Smooth Streaming
MP3
Raw AV
Encoding Tools for Silverlight
Expression Encoder
Inlet
Envivio
Carbon
Digital Rapids
ViewCast
Grab Networks
Chapter  27:Media on Windows
Introduction
A History of Media Features in Windows
DOS
Windows 1–2
Windows 3.0/3.1
Windows 95/98/Me
NetShow
Windows NT
Windows Media Launches
Windows 2000
Windows XP
Windows Media 9 Series
Ben Waggoner Joins Microsoft
Windows Vista
Windows 7
Windows APIs for Media
Video for Windows
DirectShow
Media Foundation
Windows Media Format SDK
Major Media Players on Windows
Windows Media Player
Zune Media Player
VLC
Silverlight (Is Not a Media Player)
Windows Media Center
Media Formats on Windows
AVI
AVI Versions
In-Box AVI Video Codecs of Note
In-Box Audio Codecs of Note
Third-party AVI Codecs of Note
WAV
Windows Media
DVR-MS
MPEG-1
MPEG-2
MPEG-4
Chapter  28:QuickTime and Mac OS
Introduction to Mac
History of the Mac as a Media Platform
Birth of the Mac
Macintosh II
Formation of Avid, Digidesign, and Radius
Macromind Director
System 7
QuickTime 1.0
The Multimedia Mac
QuickTime 2
PowerPC Switch
The Birth and Death of Mac Clones
QuickTime 2.5 and QuickTime Media Layer
QuickTime v3
QuickTime Enters the Streaming Wars
Mac OS X Begins and Steve Jobs Returns
The G3 Era and the PC Convergence
QuickTime 4: Streaming and The Phantom Menace
Final Cut Pro
QuickTime 5
The G4 Era
QuickTime 6 and MPEG-4
Mac OS X, Finally for Real
The G5 Era
The Device Revolution
QuickTime 7 and H.264
Intel Switch
Reduced Focus on the Mac and Professional Content Creation
The Future: Snow Leopard and QuickTime X
Introduction to QuickTime
The QuickTime Format
QuickTime Tracks
Video
Audio
Hint
MPEG-1
Text
QuickTime VR
Sprites
Flash
Skins
Delivering Files in QuickTime
QuickTime for CD-ROM
QuickTime for Progressive Download
QuickTime for RTSP
QuickTime for Live Broadcasting
HTTP Live Streaming
The Standard QuickTime Compression Dialog
QuickTime Alternate Movies
Master Movie
Alternates Parameters
Authoring Alternates
QuickTime Delivery Codecs
H.264
Legacy Video Delivery Codecs
QuickTime Authoring Codecs
ProRes
DV/DVCPRO
DVCPRO50 (via Final Cut)
DVCPROHD (via Final Cut)
HDV (via Final Cut)
MPEG IMX (Final Cut)
XDCAM EX (Final Cut)
Motion-JPEG
Animation
PNG
None
QuickTime Audio Codecs
AAC
AMR Narrowband
Apple Lossless
iLBC
Legacy Audio Codecs
QuickTime Import/Export Components
Flip4Mac
Perian
XiphQT
Flash Encoding
QuickTime Authoring Tools
QuickTime Player Pro
Compressor
Episode
Sorenson Squeeze
ProCoder/Carbon
Index
Color versions of some fi gures are included in an insert at the back of the book. The black and white versions appear in their respective chapters, and identify which color fi gure to refer to.
..................Content has been hidden....................

You can't read the all page of ebook, please click here login for view all page.
Reset
3.144.172.223