LATIN EUROPE CLUSTER
The Latin European cluster in the GLOBE Research Program consisted of France, Israel, Italy, Portugal, Spain, and Switzerland (French-speaking). In this volume, this cluster is represented by France, Portugal, and Spain.
This cluster scored low on Humane Orientation and Institutional Collectivism dimensions of societal culture and was in the middle range for all the other dimensions: Assertiveness, Future Orientation, Gender Egalitarianism, In-Group Collectivism, Performance Orientation, Power Distance, and Uncertainty Avoidance (House et al., 2004).
Although the overall assessment is that an outstanding leader in this cluster is expected to show Team Oriented leadership supported by Charismatic/Value Based leadership, there is also considerable between-country variation in this cluster. France values Participative leadership the most. Most countries in this cluster were either neutral toward or rejected Autonomous leadership. Humane Oriented leadership is not considered significant in most of these countries. As a matter of fact, it seems to even inhibit outstanding leadership in France. There is significant between-country variation for Self-Protective leadership, although it is generally not endorsed.
The between-country variance on almost all dimensions in this cluster is possibly a reflection of the fact that the culture in each country in the cluster is strong and distinctive. Latin Europe being in some ways the “cradle of Europe,” this cluster possibly shows an amalgamation of all the variation that exists in Europe overlaid by the “Mediterranean miracle” (Jesuino, 2002).
House, R. J., Hanges, P. J., Javidan, M., Dorfman, P. W., Gupta, V., & GLOBE Associates. (2004). Culture, leadership, and organizations: The GLOBE study of 62 societies. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Jesuino, J. C. (2002). Latin Europe cluster: From South to North. Journal of World Business, 37, 81–89.