MIDDLE EAST CLUSTER
The Middle East cluster in the GLOBE Research Program consisted of Egypt, Kuwait, Morocco, Qatar, and Turkey. The last one, Turkey, is the only country represented in this volume.
In-Group Collectivism is the only societal culture dimension on which the Middle East cluster scored high. It was in the medium range for Assertiveness, Humane Orientation, Institutional Collectivism, Performance Orientation, and Power Distance. Its scores on Future Orientation, Gender Egalitarianism, and Uncertainty Avoidance were in the low range (House et al., 2004).
Although there is considerable between-country variation for the preferred leadership, Charismatic/Value Based leadership and Team Oriented leadership are considered to be contributing positively to outstanding leadership. Humane Oriented leadership is seen as either contributing or neutral to outstanding leadership. Autonomous leadership covers the entire range, from contributing to neutral to inhibiting outstanding leadership. Self Protective leadership is considered either neutral to or inhibiting outstanding leadership. There seems to be medium endorsement of Participative leadership across all countries in the Middle East cluster.
There are several commonalities running through these countries such as religion (Islam), and some geographical features such as the Nile River and the Sahara desert. The commonalities also result from their historic, religious, and sociocultural characteristics and are reflected in their social norms and practices (Kabasakal & Bodus, 2002).
REFERENCES
House, R. J., Hanges, P. J., Javidan, M., Dorfman, P. W., Gupta, V., & GLOBE Associates. (2004). Culture, leadership, and organizations: The GLOBE study of 62 societies. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Kabasakal, H., & Bodur, M. (2002). Arabic cluster: A bridge between East and West. Journal of World Business, 37, 40–54.