CONFUCIAN ASIA CLUSTER
The Confucian Asia cluster in the GLOBE Research Program consisted of China, Hong Kong, Japan, Singapore, South Korea, and Taiwan. Three of these countries, China, Hong Kong, and Singapore, are represented in this volume.
The Confucian Asia cluster scored high on In-Group Collectivism, Institutional Collectivism, and Performance Orientation. The remaining dimensions of societal culture, namely, Assertiveness, Future Orientation, Gender Egalitarianism, Humane Orientation, Power Distance, and Uncertainty Avoidance were in the midrange. It was not in the low-score range of any of the societal culture dimensions. (House et al., 2004).
The most strongly endorsed leadership dimensions in this cluster were Charismatic/Value Based and Team Orientated. Humane Oriented leadership and Participative leadership were also positively endorsed. Self-Protective leadership, though seen as neutral or inhibiting outstanding leadership, is the highest among all the clusters.
The theme running across this cluster is the strong influence of Confucian ideology and the influence of the Chinese civilization. Some of the distinctive Confucian teachings—such as the emphasis on learning through a hierarchical and family-modeled institution; teaching principles such as diligence, self-sacrifice, and delayed gratification—seem to be reflected in the societal norms and practices of this cluster. Singapore and China seem to be two distinct countries, possibly because of the colonial past of Singapore, and political developments in both China and Singapore.
REFERENCES
House, R. J., Hanges, P. J., Javidan, M., Dorfman, P. W., Gupta, V., & GLOBE Associates. (2004). Culture, leadership, and organizations: The GLOBE study of 62 societies. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.