Shading Techniques

Shading enables you to transform mere lines and shapes in your drawing into three-dimensional objects. As you read through this book, note how the words shape and form are used. Shape refers to the simple outline of an object, while form refers to the object’s three-dimensional appearance. See the examples below.

Value is the relative lightness or darkness of a color or of black. For example, on a scale from white through various shades of gray to black, white is the lightest value and black is the darkest value.

Gradual blends can be created using the side of a 2B pencil. Shade in one direction to make the vertical finish on the left. On the right, see that two “blend angles” produce a smoother finish. Start lightly and increase pressure as you work to the right.

Make patterns using the side, rounded tip, and sharpened point of an HB pencil. Shade the backgrounds first; then draw patterns over them. Pressing harder creates darker effects.

Pencils can be used with sharp, round, flat, or blunt points, and several techniques can be combined on one surface. The paper stump helps smear the lead, making a blend softer. Experiment to see what kinds of textures you can create on your own.

Use a sharp-pointed HB pencil to draw this line pattern.

Shade a light background with a round-pointed HB pencil. Then use a sharp-pointed one to draw the darker, short lines over the background.

Draw groups of randomly patterned lines using a round HB lead.

Use the side of an HB to shade the background, blend with a paper stump, and then add patterned lines over the background.

Create blends and lines like these with a blunt round 2B pencil.

Use the same technique as the left example; then blend softly with your finger or a paper stump.

Make lighter background shading using the side of a 2B. Then apply a little more pressure for the darker patterns, varying the angle of the strokes.