Index
A
A (abstractness) metric, 432, 456
Abbott, Edwin A., 331
Abstract classes
in class diagrams, 250–251
for Open/Closed Principle, 430
ABSTRACT SERVER pattern, 496–497
AbstractDbGatewayTest class, 536
Abstractions
in CoffeeMaker, 265–266, 270–279
in Dependency-Inversion Principle, 154, 156–159
metrics for, 432
in Open/Closed Principle, 123–124, 128–131, 430
in payroll system, 360–363
for repetition reduction, 106
in Stable Abstractions Principle, 431–435
Abstractness (A) metric, 432, 456
AbstractTransactions class
metrics for, 465
Accept method
Assembly, 553–554
ErnieModem, 550
HayesModem, 550
PiecePart, 555
ZoomModem, 551
Acceptance tests
in extreme programming, 15–16
purpose of, 36–37
Actions in state diagrams, 184
Activations in sequence diagrams, 183, 226
ACTIVE OBJECT pattern, 299, 305–310
Active objects
in object diagrams, 213–217
in sequence diagrams, 240
ActiveObjectEngine class, 305–308, 310
Actors in use cases, 222
Acyclic Dependencies Principle (ADP), 420–426
ACYCLIC VISITOR pattern, 548–552
ADAPTER pattern, 498
class-form of, 498–499
for modem problem, 499–505
Add method
CompositeShape, 468
Frame, 59–62
PersistentSet, 146
Set, 145
TransactionContainer, 669
TreeMapNode, 180
AddAction method
PayrollPresenterTest, 659
TransactionContainer, 668–669
AddClassification method, 635
AddCommand method, 306
AddCommissionedEmployee class, 371, 386
AddCommissionedEmployeeTransaction class, 352
AddEmployee method
AddEmployeePresenter, 648, 650
AddEmployeePresenterTest, 644
AddEmployeeWindowTest, 652–653, 657
Blah, 607–610
InMemoryPayrollDatabase, 606
in SqlPayrollDatabase, 608, 614–616, 618–620, 622–624
in SqlPayrollDatabaseTest, 611, 613
AddEmployee_Static method, 605
AddEmployeeAction method
PayrollPresenterTest, 659
PayrollWindowTest, 666
AddEmployeeActionInvoked method, 661
addEmployeeButton_Click method, 655
addEmployeeMenuItem_Click method, 667
AddEmployeePresenter class, 641–642, 645–650
AddEmployeePresenterTest class, 642–644
AddEmployeeTransaction class
dynamic model of, 369–370
fields in, 302–304
hierarchy of, 352
listing, 370–371
PayrollDatabase for, 368
static model of, 367
AddEmployeeView interface, 642, 649
AddEmployeeWindow class, 641–642, 653–657
AddEmployeeWindowTest class, 650–653, 656–657
AddExtension method, 570
AddHourlyEmployee class, 371, 382
AddHourlyEmployeeTransaction class, 352, 460
Adding employees
into databases, 607–617
into payroll system, 302–304, 352–353, 366–371
AddingTransaction method, 668
AddingTransactionTriggersDelegate method, 668
AddItem method
AddItemTransaction, 509
OrderImp, 521
OrderProxy, 522
AddItemTransaction class, 509
AddPaymentMethod method
LoadEmployeeOperation, 630
LoadEmployeeOperationTest, 628
LoadPaymentMethodOperation, 635
Address property
AddEmployeePresenter, 645–646
Employee, 407
addressTextBox_TextChanged method, 654
AddSalariedEmployee class, 371
AddSalariedEmployeeTransaction class, 352
AddSalariedTransaction method, 366–368
AddSchedule method
LoadEmployeeOperation, 627–628
LoadPaymentMethodOperation, 635
AddServiceCharge method, 379
AddSubNode method, 180
addTimeSink method, 479
AddTransition method, 585–586
AdjustCurrentFrame method, 70–72, 74–77, 88, 90–93
AdjustFrameForStrike method, 91–92
ADP (Acyclic Dependencies Principle), 420–426
AdvanceFrame method, 91–92, 94
Afferent coupling (Ca), 427–428, 456
Affiliation class, 389–392
in Common Closure Principle, 450
in Employee, 357
for service charges, 379–380
structure of, 362–363
for union dues, 403
Affiliation property, 408
Affiliation table, 605
Affiliations class
in Common Closure Principle, 450
merging into PayrollImplementation, 462
metrics for, 459
in Reuse/Release Equivalence Principle, 452
AffiliationTransactions class
class allocation in, 458
metrics for, 459
Aggregation in class diagrams
associations, 252
composition, 253–254
multiplicity, 254–255
Agile Alliance, 4–5
Agile design, 103–104
Copy program, 108–113
and rotting software, 104–107
Alarm method
TurnstileFSM, 592
AllInfoIsCollected method, 643, 648
AllInformationIsCollected method, 647
Animal class, 178
Anticipation in Open/Closed Principle, 128–129
Application class, 312–314
in Reuse/Release Equivalence Principle, 452
Application interface, 320
ApplicationRunner class, 319–320
Architecture, serendipitous, 37–38
AsDouble method, 655
AsInt method, 655
Assemblies, 416
Assembly class, 553–554, 571–572
Assembly method
BOMReportTest, 557
BomXmlTest, 567
AssemblyOfAssemblies method
BOMReportTest, 557
BomXmlTest, 567
AssemblyWithPartsCSV method, 570
AssemblyWithPartsXML method, 569
AssertSinkEquals method
ClockDriverTest, 481
ObserverTest, 488
Associations
aggregation, 252
classes, 256–257
horizontal, 247
qualifiers, 257
stereotypes, 255–256
in CoffeeMaker, 267
Asynchronous messages in sequence diagrams, 235–239
AsynchronousLogger class, 235–241
ATM system
class diagrams for, 247–249
user interface example, 169–174
Aurelius, Marcus, 349
Author support, 417
Automated acceptance tests, 36
Axes of change in Single-Responsibility Principle, 118
B
Back-end documentation, 192
BadExtension method, 570
BadPartExtension class, 575
Behaviors in diagrams, 194–196
Bills of materials (BOM), 552–553
Binary units, 416
BinaryTreeNode class, 254
Blah class, 607–610
Boiler class, 263–264
BoilerEmptiesWhilePotRemoved method, 291
BoilerEmptyPotNotEmpty method, 291
BOM (bills of materials), 552–553
BOMReportTest class, 556–559
BomXmlTest, 567–570
Bottom-up design vs. top-down, 424–426
BoundedSet set, 144
Bowling game, 56–98
Brewer, E. Cobham, 115
BRIDGE pattern, 503–505
BubbleSorter class, 190–191, 316–319, 321–322
Budgets, developer, 27
Buildability of applications, 425
BuildProductQueryCommand method, 515
Burke, Edmund, 579
Burn-down charts, 28–29
Business decisions, 25
Business rules
in persistence, 119
in user interface, 642
Businesspeople, collaboration with, 9
Button class
associations with, 245
for cellular phones, 194–198
for CoffeeMaker, 263–264
for Dependency-Inversion Principle, 157–159
ButtonDialerAdapter class, 198–199
ButtonListener interface, 197–198
buttonPressed method, 197–199
Buttons in CoffeeMaker, 263–264, 268, 271–272
ButtonServer interface, 159
C
C# programmers, UML for, 177–185
Ca (afferent coupling), 427–428, 456
CalcMaxPrimeFactor method, 48
CalculateDeductions method, 404, 406–407
CalculatePay method, 393
defining, 395
in HourlyClassification, 399, 401, 403
CalculatePayForTimeCard method, 402
Calculating bowling scores, 56–98
Calling hierarchy in collaboration diagrams, 184
Cancelable superstate, 206
CASE tools, 201
CashDispenser class, 247
CCP (Common Closure Principle), 419
applying, 450–451
DECORATOR for, 561
in dependency cycles, 425
for stability, 426
Ce (efferent coupling), 427–428, 456
Cellular phones
code for, 198–199
collaboration diagrams for, 194–196
diagram evolution for, 199–200
state diagrams for, 194
Celsius/Fahrenheit conversions, 313–315, 320–321
Change method
ChangeClassificationTransaction, 387
ChangeEmployeeTransaction, 383–384, 391
ChangeNameTransaction, 384
ChangeAddressTransaction class, 381, 383–385
ChangeAffiliationTransaction class, 381, 389, 391
ChangeClassificationTransaction class, 381, 384, 386–387, 449–450
ChangeCommissionedTransaction class, 386, 388
ChangeDirectTransaction class, 388
ChangeEmployeeTransaction class, 381–384
ChangeHoldTransaction class, 389
ChangeHourlyTransaction class, 385–388, 460
ChangeMailTransaction class, 389
ChangeMemberTransaction class, 390–392
ChangeMethodTransaction class, 381–382, 388
ChangeNameTransaction class, 381–384
Changes
Copy program handling of, 109–111
in Open/Closed Principle, 129–130
requirements, 9
responding to, 7–8
and rigidity and fragility in design, 105
rotting software from, 107
as software module method, 42
ChangeSalariedTransaction class, 385, 388
ChangeUnaffiliatedTransaction class, 390–393
ChangeUnionMember method, 390–391
Characters, Copy program for, 108–113
Charts. See also Class diagrams; Diagrams
burn-down, 28–29
velocity charts, 28
CheckButton method, 272, 275, 277
CheckMessagesFlowToLog method, 237
CheckQueuedAndLogged method, 237
CheckSavedPaymentMethodCode method, 613
CheckSavedScheduleCode method, 612
CheckSubmitEnabled method, 644
CheckThatProductsMatch method, 537–538
CheckWriter class, 33–34
ChgEmp transaction, 366
Child method, 568
ChildText method, 568
Circle class, 131, 137, 438, 467–468
Circle structure, 125–127
Clarity in design, 107
Class diagrams, 180–181, 243–244
aggregation, 252
classes, 256–257
horizontal, 247
qualifiers, 257
stereotypes, 255–256
for ATM system, 247–249
for cellular phones, 196–198
classes in, 243–244
abstract, 250–251
association, 256–257
nested, 256
composition in, 253–254
inheritance in, 246–248
multiplicity in, 254–255
properties in, 251–252
stereotypes in, 249–250
Class-form adapters, 498–499
Class interfaces vs. object interfaces in ISP, 166
Class utilities, 250
Classes
Common Closure Principle for, 419
Common Reuse Principle for, 418–419
container, 144–147
degenerate, 548
dependencies in, 416
god, 266
Reuse/Release Equivalence Principle for, 417–418
vapor, 265
Classification, changing, 384–393
Classification property
in ChangeHourlyTransaction, 387–388
in Employee, 407
Classifications class, 448–449
in Common Closure Principle, 450
couplings in, 454
dependence on, 460
merging into PayrollImplementation, 462
in Reuse/Release Equivalence Principle, 452
ClassificationTransaction class
dependence on, 460
Cleanup method
FtoCStrategy, 321
FtoCTemplateMethod, 314–315
Clear method
ItemData, 525
TransactionContainer, 669
TreeMap, 228
ClearEmployeeTable method, 612
Client class, 123
ClientInterface class, 123–124
Clients
in Interface Segregation Principle, 165–166
in Open/Closed Principle, 123
Clock interface, 473–474, 483, 485–487
Clock project, 472–491
ClockDriver class, 473–474, 477–480
ClockDriverTest class, 473–476, 479, 481
ClockObserver interface, 477–481
ClockSink class, 474
Close method
AbstractDbGatewayTest, 536
Db, 515
SocketServer, 214
ClutchOnCommand method, 301
Cockburn, Alistair, 221
CoffeeMaker class, 259–260
abstraction in, 265–266, 270–279
hideous solution for, 263–265
improved solution for, 266–267
object-oriented design for, 279–291
specifications for, 260–263
user interface for, 267–270
CoffeeMakerAPI interface, 261–265, 270–274
CoffeeMakerStub class, 286–288
Cohesion
of components, 420
Common Closure Principle, 419
Common Reuse Principle, 418–419
Reuse/Release Equivalence Principle, 417–418
considerations for, 461–463
metrics for, 455–457
in SRP. See Single-Responsibility Principle (SRP)
Coin method
Locked, 596
LockedTurnstileState, 587
State, 595
Unlocked, 595
UnlockedTurnstileState, 588
Coincidence, programming by, 70
CoinInLockedState method
SMCTurnstileTest, 597
TurnstileTest, 582–583
CoinInUnlockedState method
SMCTurnstileTest, 597–598
TurnstileTest, 582–583
Coins property, 341
Collaboration
with businesspeople, 9
vs. negotiation, 6–7
Collaboration diagrams
for cellular phones, 194–196
for relationships, 183–184
Collective ownership, 17
COMMAND pattern, 299–300
for decoupling, 304
for DeleteEmployeeTransaction, 372
for simple commands, 300–302
for transactions, 302–304, 366
Undo variation, 304–305
Commission property, 647
CommissionedClassification class, 356, 403–404
CommissionedClassification table, 605
commissionRadioButton_CheckedChanged method, 654
CommissionSalary property, 647
commissionSalaryTextBox control, 656
commissionSalaryTextBox_TextChanged method, 655
commissionTextBox control, 656
commissionTextBox_TextChanged method, 655
Common Closure Principle (CCP), 419
applying, 450–451
DECORATOR for, 561
in dependency cycles, 425
for stability, 426
Common Reuse Principle (CRP), 418–419
Communication
diagrams for, 189–191
as software module method, 42
Company class, 256–257
Compare method, 132
CompareAndSwap method, 190, 316
CompareTo method, 130–131
Compartments in class diagrams, 244
Compile-time safety, 441
Complete builds, 423
Complete method, 280
CompleteCycle method, 281
Complexity in design, 106
Component dependency graphs, 420
Component-dependency structures, 425
Component diagrams, 421–422
Components, 416
cohesion of, 420
Common Closure Principle, 419
Common Reuse Principle, 418–419
Reuse/Release Equivalence Principle, 417–418
stability principles, 420
Acyclic Dependencies Principle, 420–426
Stable Abstractions Principle, 431–435
Stable-Dependencies Principle, 426–431
structure and notation for, 448–450
COMPOSITE pattern, 467–468
for association stereotypes, 256
commands for, 469
multiplicity in, 470
CompositeCommand class, 469
CompositeShape class, 467–468
Composition in class diagrams, 253–254
Comprehensive documentation, 6
ComputationalGeometryApplication class, 117
Conceptual-level diagrams, 178–179
Concrete classes in Dependency-Inversion Principle, 157
Conditions in sequence diagrams, 232–233
Configuration data structures, 559
configureForUnix method, 544
Constraints, 4
Construction in sequence diagrams, 183
Construction method, 668
Container classes, 144–147
ContainerAvailable method, 284
ContainerUnavailable method, 284
ContainmentVessel class, 266–270, 273, 283–284
Context class, 590
Contingencies, preparing for, 106
Continuous delivery of software, 8
Continuous integration, 17–18
Contract negotiation, 6–7
Contracts in Liskov Substitution Principle, 143–144
Controls, events on, 656
Conveniently callable software, 32
Conventions in Liskov Substitution Principle, 150–151
Conversions
Fahrenheit to Celsius, 313–315, 320–321
in MONOSTATE, 338
Cooley, Mason, 325
Coolidge, Calvin, 437
Copier class, 109–112
Copy method, 109–112
Copy program, 108–113
Core model in payroll system, 358
Cost property
in ExplosiveCostExplorer, 555
Couplings
components. See Stability
factories for, 460–463
in package analysis, 454–455
separating, 119
types of, 427–428
CreateAssembly method
BOMReportTest, 557
BomXmlTest, 567
CreateDirectDepositMethod method, 633
CreateDirectDepositMethodFromRow method, 630–631
CreateEmployee method, 626
CreateHayes method, 563
CreateHoldMethod method, 633
CreateInsertDirectDepositCommand method, 621
CreateInsertMailMethodCommand method, 621
CreateMailMethod method, 634
CreateMailMethodFromRow method, 634
CreatePart method
BOMReportTest, 557
BomXmlTest, 567
CreatePaychecks method, 38
CreatePaymentMethod method, 631–632
CreateTransaction method, 648
CreatingTransaction method, 644, 650
Creation method
AddEmployeePresenterTest, 642–643, 648
PayrollPresenterTest, 659
Cross-platform support, SINGLETON for, 334
Crossed wires, 267
CrossOutMultiples method, 47–48, 51
CrossOutputMultiplesOf method, 48, 52
CRP (Common Reuse Principle), 418–419
CsvAssemblyExtension class, 575
CsvPartExtension interface, 574
CsvPiecePartExtension class, 574
CsvText property
CsvAssemblyExtension, 575
CsvPiecePartExtension, 574
CurrentFrame property, 69–73, 77, 87, 91–92
CustomerId property
Order, 533
OrderImp, 521
OrderProxy, 522
Customers
collaboration with, 6–7
in extreme programming, 14
Cut and paste, repetition from, 106
Cycles
dependency, 421–426
in extreme programming, 15
D
D metrics for main sequence, 434–435, 457
DAGs (directed acyclic graphs), 422
Dashes (-) in class diagrams, 244
Data access object (DAO), 528
Data-driven approach in Open/Closed Principle, 131–132
Data structures, configuration, 559
Data tokens in sequence diagrams, 183, 226
Database property, 661
DatabaseFacade class, 540
Databases
as implementation detail, 350–351
patterns with, 539–540
for payroll. See PayrollDatabase class
third-party, 526–528
DataSet class, 626
Date method, 376
DateUtil class, 406–407
Db class, 325–326, 346–347, 514–515
DB gateways, 535–539
DBC (design by contract), 142
DbGateways class, 535
DbOrderGateway class, 528–529, 536
DbOrderGatewayTest class, 538–539
DbProductGateway class, 531–532, 536
DbProductGatewayTest class, 536–538
DeclareComplete method, 283
DeclareDone method, 281
DECORATOR pattern
for association stereotypes, 256
with databases, 539–540
for modem problem, 560–565
Decoupling
physical and temporal, 304
serendipitous, 36
DedicatedHayesModem class, 503–504
DedicatedModem class, 500–502
DedicatedModemAdapter class, 502
DedModemController class, 504
DedUsers class, 500–502
Degenerate classes, 548
DelayAndRepeat method, 309–310
DelayedTyper class, 308–310
Delegation
separation through, 167–168
STRATEGY for. See STRATEGY pattern
TEMPLATE METHOD for. See TEMPLATE METHOD pattern
Delete method, 145
DeleteEmployeeTransaction class, 353, 372–373
DeleteProductData method, 515
Deleting employees, 353, 372–373
Delivery of software, 8
Dependencies
in agile design, 113
class diagrams for, 243–244, 246
in classes, 416
in CoffeeMaker, 277–278
in FACTORY, 440–441
in modem problem, 501–502
from static typing, 441
Dependency cycles, eliminating, 421–426
Dependency-Inversion Principle (DIP), 153–154, 424
abstractions in, 156–159
in CoffeeMaker, 271
in Copy program, 113
in furnace example, 160–161
layering in, 154–155
in modem problem, 499
in OBSERVER, 493
ownership inversion, 155–156
simple example, 157–158
in table lamp, 496
violations of, 437–438
Dependency management metrics, 416
Dependent components, 428
Deposit method, 342
DepositTransaction class, 169–171
DepositUI interface, 170–173
Derivability in MONOSTATE, 337
Deriving vs. factoring, 148–150
Description property
Design
agile, 103–104
Copy program, 108–113
and rotting software, 104–107
attention to, 10
before coding, 188–189
in extreme programming, 19–20
large systems, 416
top-down vs. bottom-up, 424–426
Design by contract (DBC), 142
Desktop applications, 638
Details
in Common Closure Principle, 451
in payroll system, 356–358
DetermineIterationLimit method, 52
Developers
budgets for, 27
and business decisions, 395–396
in extreme programming, 14
Diagrams, 177–180
appropriateness of, 200–201
as back-end documentation, 192
for bowling game, 57
class. See Class diagrams
collaboration
for cellular phones, 194–196
for relationships, 183–184
for communication, 189–191
discarding, 192–194
effective use of, 189
iterative process for, 194–200
active objects in, 213–217
purpose of, 211–212
purpose of, 187–189
as road maps, 191–192
sequence. See Sequence diagrams
state. See State diagrams
use cases, 222
Dial method
DedModemController, 504
DialModemController, 504
HayesModem, 562
ModemDecorator, 565
Dialer class
for cellular phones, 194–198
class diagram for, 244–245
DialForReal method, 561
dialImp class, 504
DialModem class, 503–504
DialModemController class, 504
Diderot, Denis, 299
Digital clock project, 472–491
DigitalClock interface, 473–474, 492–493
DIP. See Dependency-Inversion Principle (DIP)
Direct dependency, 155
DirectDepositAccount table, 605, 613, 615–616
DirectDepositMethod, 613, 618, 628, 630
DirectDepositMethodGetsSaved method, 614
Directed acyclic graphs (DAGs), 422
Directed edges, 421
Directed graphs, 421
Direction of dependencies, 113
DirectMethod class, 357
DisplayTime method, 472
Dispose method
AddEmployeeWindow, 653–654
PayrollWindow, 666–667
Distance from main sequence, 434–435, 457
Distributed processing, 601–602
DLLs, components in, 419
Do method, 469
Documentation
acceptance tests as, 36
comprehensiveness of, 6
diagrams as, 192
size of, 202
source code listings as, 103
Dog class, 178
“Done”, defining, 26
Done method
Application, 314
ContainmentVessel, 283
HotWaterSource, 281
M4UserInterface, 281
UserInterface, 280
DoorTimeOut method, 167
DoorTimerAdapter, 167–168
DoPayroll method, 230
DoSort method, 317
Dot structure, 184
DoubleBubbleSorter class, 318–319
Draw method
Circle, 137
CompositeShape, 467
Square, 137
DrawAllShapes method, 125–128, 130, 132
DrawCircleCommand class, 304–305
Drawing rectangles, 600
DrawShape method, 137
DrawSquare method, 125
Dual dispatch technique, 544, 548
Duplication of code, 20
Dynamic diagrams, 179
Dynamic typing vs. static, 441–442
E
Early delivery of software, 8
Efferent coupling (Ce), 427–428, 456
Efficiency
of MONOSTATE, 338
of SINGLETON, 334
Eiffel language, 143
EmpId property, 645
empIdTextBox_TextChanged method, 654
Employee class, 33–35, 357–359
for affiliations, 391
associations with, 257
for ChangeMethodTransaction, 388
for changing employees, 382
in Common Closure Principle, 450
Hashtable for, 368
implementation, 407–408
inheritance from, 246
with NULL pattern, 346–348
for persistence, 119
in Reuse/Release Equivalence Principle, 452–453
in sequence diagrams, 227
Employee table, 604–605
EmployeeAffiliation table, 605
EmployeeDatabase class, 33–34, 448
EmployeeDB class, 227
EmployeeFactory class, 442–443
EmployeeImplementation class, 346
EmployeeObserver class, 492
Employees in payroll system
adding, 302–304, 352–353, 366–371
database for. See PayrollDatabase class
paying, 393–408
EmployeesText method, 666
EmployeesText property
MockPayrollView, 662
PayrollWindow, 667
EmployeeTest class, 347
EmptyPotReturnedAfter method, 291
EnablingAddEmployeeButton method, 652, 657
EnablingCommissionFields method, 652, 656
EnablingHourlyFields method, 652, 656
EnablingSalaryFields method, 652, 656
Encapsulation, 454–455
enterSub action, 206
enterSuper action, 206
Entry events in state transition diagrams, 205–207
Environment, viscosity of, 105–106
Equals method
ItemData, 523
ProductData, 514
EraseMembership method, 393
ErnieModemVisitor interface, 550
ErniesModem class, 499, 503–504
EventHandler method, 656
Events
on controls, 656
in state diagrams, 184, 205–207
use cases for, 220
Evolving patterns, 471–491
Exclusion zones, 432–433
Execute method, 304–305
AddEmployeeTransaction, 369, 371
ChangeEmployeeTransaction, 382–384
DeleteEmployeeTransaction, 372–373
DepositTransaction, 172
LoadPaymentMethodOperation, 630–632, 635
PaydayTransaction, 397, 403–404
SaveEmployeeOperation, 623
ServiceChargeTransaction, 380
SleepCommand, 308
StopCommand, 309–310
TestSleepCommand, 306
TimeCardTransaction, 375–377
ExecuteCommand method, 620
ExecuteSql method, 536
exit events in state transition diagrams, 205–207
exitSub2 action, 206
exitSuper action, 206
ExplodedCost method, 559
ExplodedCost property, 553
ExplodedCostVisitor class, 555
EXTENSION OBJECT pattern, 539, 565–576
Extensions in Open/Closed Principle, 122
ExtractItemDataFromResultSet method, 524
Extreme programming, 13
acceptance tests in, 15–16
collective ownership in, 17
continuous integration in, 17–18
metaphors in, 21–22
open workspace in, 18
pair programming in, 16
planning in, 19
short cycles in, 15
simple design in, 19–20
sustainable pace in, 18
test-driven development in, 16
user stories in, 14
whole teams in, 14
F
FACADE pattern, 325–326
with databases, 539–540
PayrollDatabase class, 368
for refactoring, 119
vs. SINGLETON, 334
with TABLE DATA GATEWAY, 528
Face-to-face conversations, 9
factoring in Liskov Substitution Principle, 148–150
FACTORY pattern and factories, 437–438
for couplings, 460–463
dependencies in, 440–441
for fixture tests, 443–444
importance of, 444–445
initializing, 461
for payroll window, 658
static vs. dynamic typing, 441–442
substitutable, 442–443
Factory Method pattern, 369
Fahrenheit/Celsius conversions, 313–315, 320–321
FanSwitch class, 496–497
Fat interfaces. See Interface Segregation Principle (ISP)
Feedback
customer, 7
of velocity, 26
Final pseudostates in state transition diagrams, 207–208
Find method
DbOrderGateway, 530
DbOrderGatewayTest, 538–539
DbProductGateway, 532
DbProductGatewayTest, 537
InMemoryOrderGateway, 531
InMemoryProductGateway, 532
TreeMapNode, 180
FindSubNodeForKey method, 180
Finite state machines, 579–580
for CoffeeMaker, 279
diagrams for, 208–209
high-level application policies for GUIs, 598–600
Monostate implementation of, 338–343
nested switch/case statements for, 580–584
state diagrams for. See State diagrams
UML notation for, 184
First Law of Documentation, 6
FitNesse tool, 37
Fixtures, testing, 443–444
Floor plans, 212
Forms, 639–640
Fragility in design, 105
FrameTest class, 58–59
Friendly, Fred W., 467
FSMError class, 596–597
FSMs. See Finite state machines
ftoc program, 313
FtoCRaw class, 313
FtoCStrategy class, 319–321
FtoCTemplateMethod class, 314–315
Functional decompositions, 424
Furnace example, 160–161
G
Game class, 61–62, 64–65, 73–74, 87–88, 92–94, 116
GameTest class, 61–63, 66–73, 95–98
Gamma, Erich, 312
Gateways
example, 528–535
with Facade, 326
testing, 535–539
GdatabaseFactory class, 444
Generality metric, 456
Generalization, 246
GeneralTransactions class
class allocation in, 458
metrics for, 459
GeneratePrimeNumbers method, 43–45, 47–48, 51
GeneratePrimes program
final version, 49–52
refactoring, 45–49
testing, 52–53
unit testing, 44
version 1, 42–44
version 2, 45–46
version 3, 47
version 4, 48–49
version 5, 49
GeneratePrimesTest class, 44, 52–53
GeometricRectangle class, 117
Get method, 179–180
GetBoilerStatus method
CoffeeMakerAPI, 262
CoffeeMakerStub, 287
GetBrewButtonStatus method
CoffeeMakerAPI, 262, 271–272, 275
CoffeeMakerStub, 287
GetClassification message, 384
GetCountForPart method, 556
GetCurrentState method, 594
GetCurrentStateName method, 594
GetEmployee method
DB, 346–347
PayrollDatabase, 369
in sequence diagrams, 227
GetExtension method, 566
Part, 570
PiecePart, 576
GetHashCode method, 514
GetHours method
MockTimeSource, 489
GetItemsForOrder method, 524
GetItsLockedState method, 594
GetItsUnlockedState method, 594
GetMinutes method
MockTimeSource, 489
GetOrderData method, 524
GetPayPeriodStartDate method, 408
GetProductData method, 514–515
GetScore method, 61
GetSeconds method
MockTimeSource, 490
GetVersion method, 594
GetWarmerPlateStatus method
CoffeeMakerAPI, 262
CoffeeMakerStub, 287
God classes, 266
GoodStart method, 289
Granularity principles, 417–420
GraphicalApplication class, 117
Graphs
burn-down charts, 28–29
diagrams. See Diagrams
directed, 421–422
Grenning, James, 226
Guards in sequence diagrams, 183
Guillemet characters (« ») in class diagrams, 249
GUIs
desktop applications, 638
high-level application policies for, 598–600
interaction controllers, 600–601
GUITransactionSource class, 409
H
H (relational cohesion) metric, 456
HandleBrewingEvent method, 285
HandleEvent method, 580–581, 584–585
HandleIncompleteEvent method, 285
HandleSecondThrow method, 80–85
hangImp class, 504
hangup method
DedModemController, 504
DialModemController, 504
Modem, 118
Hashes (#) in class diagrams, 244
Hashtable class, 368
HayesModem class, 499, 503–504, 546, 550, 562–563
HayesModemVisitor interface, 550
Heater interface, 160–161, 263, 265
Height property, 138–141
Heine, Heinrich, 3
Helm, Richard, 312
Heuristics
in CoffeeMaker. See CoffeeMaker class
in Liskov Substitution Principle, 150–151
hideLoginScreen action, 204
High-level application policies, 598–600
High-level design placement, 429–431
High-level modules, 154
HoldMethod class, 357
Hollywood principle, 155
Hooks in Open/Closed Principle, 129–130
Horizontal associations in class diagrams, 247
HotWaterSource class, 266–270, 273–274, 281–282
Hourly employee payments, 398–402
HourlyClassification class, 356, 374–375, 386–387, 403–404, 460
HourlyClassification table, 605
hourlyRadioButton_CheckedChanged method, 654
HourlyRate property, 646
hourlyRateTextBox control, 656
hourlyRateTextBox_TextChanged method, 655
HourlyUnionMemberServiceCharge method, 405
Hours method, 376
HttpRequest class, 189–190
HttpResponse class, 189–190
Human attention, refactoring in, 41–42
example. See GeneratePrimes program
in extreme programming, 17, 20–21
Hunt, Andy, 70
Hunt the Wumpus program, 32–33
I
I (instability) metric, 427–428, 456
IComparable interface, 130, 180
Id property, 533
IDataReaderExecuteQueryStatement method, 515
Idle method
FtoCStrategy, 321
FtoCTemplateMethod, 314–315
Imaginary abstraction, 265–266
Immobility in design, 105
Implementation-level diagrams, 178–179
In-memory TDGs, 535–539
Independent components, 427–428, 450–451
Individuals in agile development, 5
InformCashDispenserEmpty method, 247
Inheritance, 497
in class diagrams, 246–248
separation through, 168
with SINGLETON, 334
STRATEGY for. See STRATEGY pattern
TEMPLATE METHOD for. See TEMPLATE METHOD pattern
Inheritance relationships, 178
Init method
ContainmentVessel, 283
Db, 514
FtoCStrategy, 321
FtoCTemplateMethod, 314
HotWaterSource, 281
M4CoffeeMaker, 276–277
UserInterface, 280
Initial pseudostates in state transition diagrams, 204, 207–208
InitialConditions method
SMCTurnstileTest, 597
TestCoffeeMaker, 288
TurnstileTest, 582
Initialization programs, 301
InitializeArrayOfBooleans method, 50
InitializeArrayOfIntegers method, 46–49
InitializeSieve method, 46
Initializing factories, 461
InMemoryGateway class, 535
InMemoryOrderGateway class, 531, 535
InMemoryPayrollDatabase class, 606, 669
InMemoryProductGateway class, 532
Insert method
DbOrderGatewayTest, 539
DbProductGateway, 532
DbProductGatewayTest, 537
InMemoryOrderGateway, 531
InMemoryProductGateway, 532
OrderGateway, 528–529
InsertItems method, 530
insertPaymentMethodCommand variable, 621–622
Instability (I) metric, 427–428, 456
Instances, 331–332
Monostate, 336–343
Singleton, 332–336
Instantiating proxies, 442–443
Insulation layers, 526–527
IntBubbleSorter class, 318–319
Integration in extreme programming, 17–18
Integration penalty, 421
Intentional programming, 33
Interaction controllers, 600–601
Interactions in agile development, 5
Interface pollution, 163–165
Interface Segregation Principle (ISP), 163
ATM user interface example, 169–174
class interfaces vs. object interfaces in, 166
for interface pollution, 163–165
modem problem, 500
in Observer, 493
separate clients in, 165–166
for separation, 167–168
Interfaces
in class diagrams, 246–247, 249–250
for CoffeeMaker, 267–273
names of, 302
in sequence diagrams, 240–241
Internal scope state variables, 583
IntSortHandler class, 322–323
InvalidOperationException class, 376
Inverse principle. See Dependency Inversion Principle (DIP)
Inversion, ownership, 155–156
Irresponsible components, 428, 450
“Is connected to” relationships, 245
isBrewing method, 275
IsCommission property, 646
IsHourly property, 646
IsInPayPeriod method
DateUtil, 406
HourlyClassification, 401, 403
PaymentClassification, 404
IsLastDayOfMonth method, 397
IsLines method, 254
IsLocked method, 589
IsMember method, 145
Isolation in testing, 33–35
IsOn method, 148–150
ISP. See Interface Segregation Principle (ISP)
IsPayDate method
Employee, 408
MonthlySchedule, 397
WeeklySchedule, 402
IsReady method
ContainmentVessel, 284
HotWaterSource, 281–282
M4ContainmentVessel, 274–275, 284
M4HotWaterSource, 273–274, 282
IsSalary property, 646
IsTimeToPay method, 346–348
IsUnlocked method, 589
Item class, 534–535
Item property, 511
ItemCount property, 533–534
ItemData class, 521–523
Iterative process for diagrams, 194–200
J
Jacobson, Ivar, 122
Jeffries, Ron, 18
Johnson, Ralph, 312
Just-in-time requirements, 220
K
Kelly, Kevin, 41
Kelvin, Lord, 23
Keyboard, Copy program for, 108–113
KeyboardReader class, 112–113
Khrushchev, Nikita, 495
Kitchen instance, 212
Koss, Bob, 55
L
Lamp, 496
Abstract Server for, 496–497
abstraction in, 158–159
Adapter for, 498–499
in Dependency-Inversion Principle, 157–158
Lamp class, 157–159
Large systems, component design in, 416
LastBallInFrame method, 93
Layering in Dependency-Inversion Principle, 154–155
Length method, 322
Lifelines in sequence diagrams, 226
Line class, 148–150
LinearObject class, 149
LineSegment class, 148–150
Links in collaboration diagrams, 183
Liskov, Barbara, 136
Liskov Substitution Principle (LSP), 135–136
factoring in, 148–150
heuristics and conventions in, 150–151
in modem problem, 499
real-world example, 143–147
violations of, 136–143
LoadAddEmployeeView method
MockViewLoader, 663
ViewLoader, 658
WindowViewLoader, 664–665
WindowViewLoaderTest, 664
LoadData method, 633
LoadDirectDepositMethodCommand method, 630
LoadEmployee method, 623–624
LoadEmployeeCommand method, 625
LoadEmployeeData method, 626
LoadEmployeeOperation class, 624–628, 630
LoadEmployeeOperationTest class, 624–628
LoadEmployeeTable method, 612
LoadHoldMethod, 629
Loading employees in database, 623–635
LoadingEmployeeDataCommand method, 625
LoadingHoldMethod method, 628
LoadingSchedules method, 626–627
LoadItems method, 530
LoadMailMethodCommand method, 631–634
LoadPaymentClassificationOperation class, 634
LoadPaymentMethod class, 628
LoadPaymentMethodOperation class, 628–635
LoadPaymentMethodOperationTest class, 628–634
LoadPayrollView method
MockViewLoader, 663
ViewLoader, 658
WindowViewLoaderTest, 663
LoadPrimes method, 45–46
LoadTable method, 616–617
LoadView method, 665
Lock method
TurnstileFSM, 592
Locked state
in state diagrams, 184, 208–209
in Turnstile, 338
LockedTurnstileState class, 587–588
Logger interface, 240–241
Login events, 204
Login method in sequence diagrams, 226–227
login.sm file, 599–600
Login state machines, 204–205
LoginPage class, 189–190
LoginTransaction class, 257
LogMessage method, 235, 238, 240
LogOneMessage method, 238
LogoutExitModem decorator, 564
LogQueuedMessages method, 238
Loops in sequence diagrams, 228–229, 232–233
LoudDialModem class, 561–565
Low-level modules in Dependency Inversion Principle, 154
LSP. See Liskov Substitution Principle (LSP)
lunchRoom instance, object diagram for, 212
M
M4CoffeeMaker class, 276–277, 280–283, 285–286
M4ContainmentVessel class, 273–275, 284–285
M4HotWaterSource class, 274
M4UserInterface class, 272–275, 277, 280–281
MailMethod class, 357, 613, 616, 631
MailMethodGetsSaved method, 617
Main loop structure in Application, 312–313
Main method in M4CoffeeMaker, 276–277, 286
Main program for payroll, 408–409
Main sequence
in abstraction, 432–434
MainLoggerLoop method, 237–238
Maintainability vs. reusability, 419
Make method, 440–441
MakeCircle method, 438–439
MakeClassification method
AddEmployeeTransaction, 369
AddSalariedEmployee, 371
MakeSchedule method
AddEmployeeTransaction, 369–370
AddSalariedEmployee, 371
MakeSquare method
ShapeFactoryImplementation, 439
Managers in extreme programming, 14
Manifesto of the Agile Alliance, 4–5
ManyMessages method, 236
Mark IV Special Coffee Maker. See Coffee Maker class
Martin, Bob, 55
Martin’s First Law of Documentation, 6
Math class, 250
Matrices of functions, 548, 552
maxPrimeFactor method, 50
McBreen, Pete, 13
Measures of progress, 9
Mechanism layer, 155
MechanismLayer layer, 155–156
Mediator pattern, 327–329
Messages in sequence diagrams, 226, 233–241
MessagesInQueue method, 238
MessagesLogged method, 238
Metaphors in extreme programming, 21–22
Method property
ChangeMethodTransaction, 388
Employee, 408
LoadPaymentMethodOperation, 633
Methods class
in Common Closure Principle, 450
merging into PayrollImplementation, 462
in Reuse/Release Equivalence Principle, 452–453
Methods in class diagrams, 244
MethodTransactions class
metrics for, 459
in Reuse/Release Equivalence Principle, 453
Metrics
in package analysis, 455–457
for payroll application, 457–463
for stability, 427–428
Middleware
with Singleton, 334
third-party, 526–528
MockAddEmployeeView class, 642, 649–650
MockGame class, 61
Mocking, 443
Mockobject pattern, 34
MockPayrollView class, 662
MockTimeSink class, 475–477, 479–480, 490
MockTimeSource class, 475–476, 478, 482–487, 489
MockViewLoader class, 658, 662–663
MODEL VIEW PRESENTER pattern, 637
for employee transactions, 641–642
for windows
building, 650–657
payroll, 657–669
Models
for Observer pattern, 492–493
purpose of, 187–188
Modem interface, 117, 499–500, 503–504, 543–545, 549, 561–563
Modem problem
Acyclic Visitor for, 548–552
Adapter for, 499–503
bridges in, 503–505
Decorator for, 560–565
Visitor for, 544–548
Modem property, 565
ModemConnectionController class, 504
ModemDecorator class, 564–565
ModemDecoratorTest class, 563–564
ModemImplementation class, 119, 504
ModemVisitor interface, 548–549
ModemVisitorTest class, 547, 551–552
Modifications in Open/Closed Principle, 122
Modules in Dependency-Inversion Principle, 154
Monostate class, 337
MONOSTATE pattern, 331–332, 336–337
benefits and costs of, 337–338
for DeleteEmployeeTransaction, 373
example, 338–343
MonthlySchedule class, 397
Morning-after syndrome, 420
Motivated individuals, 9
Motor class, 158
MotorOffCommand, 300
Multiple inheritance, 168
Multiple threads in sequence diagrams, 239–240
Multiplicity
in class diagrams, 254–255
in Composite, 470
N
Name-only dependencies, 440
Name property
AddEmployeePresenter, 645
Employee, 407
Product, 533
ProductImpl, 517
ProductProxy, 517
Name/value pairs for properties, 251
Names of interfaces, 302
nameTextBox_TextChanged method, 654
Natural structure in Open/Closed Principle, 128–129
Negotiation vs. collaboration, 6–7
Nested classes in class diagrams, 256
Nested switch/case statements, 580–584
NewElement method, 572
NewOrder method, 520
NewTextElement method, 572
NextBall method, 84
NextBallForSpare method, 87, 89, 95
NextTwoBalls method, 83
NextTwoBallsForStrike method, 87, 89, 95
NoAffiliation class, 393
Null Object for, 357
for payment methods, 362
for service charges, 379–380
Nodes on directed graphs, 421
NoItems method, 523
Nonblocking source control, 17–18
NormalBrew method, 291
NormalFill method, 290
NormalStart method, 289
Norman, Donald A., 447
Nosek, J. T., 16
Notation for components, 448–450
Notifications in Reuse/Release Equivalence Principle, 417
Notify method
SalaryObserver, 492
TimeSource, 483
TimeSourceImplementation, 485
NotifyObservers method, 489
Null Object pattern
description, 345–348
for service charges, 380
NullEmployee class, 346–348
NumberOfFridaysInPayPeriod method, 404
NumberOfUncrossedIntegers method, 49, 51
O
active objects in, 213–217
purpose of, 211–212
Object-form adapters, 498
Object interfaces in Interface Segregation Principle, 166
Object-oriented database management systems (OODBMS), 369, 410
Object-oriented design
for CoffeeMaker, 279–291
limitations of, 98
Objects in sequence diagrams, 226–227
ObservableClock class, 483–484, 486
Observer interface, 488
Observer pattern
evolving, 471–491
models for, 492–493
for OOD principles, 493
ObserverTest class, 488
OCP. See Open/Closed Principle (OCP)
Off method, 264
On method, 264
One-to-many association, 245
OneMessage method, 236
OODBMS (object-oriented database management systems), 369, 410
Opacity in design, 107
Open/Closed Principle (OCP)
abstraction in, 123–124, 128–131, 430
for adding employees, 366
anticipation and natural structure in, 128–129
for components, 419
conforming to, 127–128
in Copy program, 112
data-driven approach to, 131–132
description, 122–124
in modem problem, 499
in Observer, 493
in payroll system, 360–361
for stability, 430
violations of, 124–127
Open workspace in extreme programming, 18
OpenConnection method, 536
Order class, 508, 510, 533–534
Order interface, 519–520
OrderData class, 519–520
OrderGateway interface, 528–529
OrderId property, 522
OrderImp class, 521
OrderKeyGeneration method, 520
OutOfOrder method
BubbleSorter, 317
DoubleBubbleSorter, 319
IntBubbleSorter, 318
IntSortHandler, 323
Ownership
in extreme programming, 17
inversion of, 155–156
P
Pace in extreme programming, 18
Common Closure Principle in, 450–451
components in. See Components
coupling and encapsulation in, 454–455
final structure, 463–466
metrics in, 455–463
Reuse/Release Equivalence Principle in, 452–454
Page class, 189–190
Page-Jones, Meilir, 116
Pain, zone of, 433
Pair programming
Bowling game, 56–98
in extreme programming, 16
Part interface, 553
PartCount method, 559
PartExtension interface, 571
Partitionings, errors in, 263
PartNumber property
PartNumberCount property, 556
PartVisitor interface, 555
Pass method
Locked, 596
State, 595
Turnstile, 341–342, 588–589, 594
Unlocked, 595
UnlockedTurnstileState, 588
PassInLockedState method
SMCTurnstileTest, 598
TurnstileTest, 582–583
PassInUnlockedState method
SMCTurnstileTest, 598
TurnstileTest, 582–583
Patterns
with databases, 539–540
evolving, 471–491
Pause method
M4HotWaterSource, 282
TestLog, 237
Pause transitions in state transition diagrams, 206
pay method, 346
PaycheckAddress table, 605, 613, 616
PayClassification class, 302, 304
PaydayTransaction class, 393–397, 403–404
payEmployee message in sequence diagrams, 232
PayGasBillTransaction class, 169
PayingSingleHourlyEmployeeNoTimeCards method, 398
PaymentClassification class
for abstraction, 360, 384, 386
for adding employees, 369
benefits of, 356
in Common Closure Principle, 450
for load operations, 634
for pay periods, 403–404
in Reuse/Release Equivalence Principle, 452
for time cards, 373–375
PaymentClassification table, 605
in Common Closure Principle, 450
in Reuse/Release Equivalence Principle, 452
PaymentMethod table, 605
PaymentMethodCode method, 613
PaymentMethodGetsSaved method, 613
Payments
abstraction in, 360
methods, 362
hourly employees, 398–402
pay periods for, 402–408
salaried employees, 396–398
schedules for, 360–361, 366–367
PaymentSchedule class, 369, 386, 393
in Common Closure Principle, 450
for pay periods, 403
in Reuse/Release Equivalence Principle, 452
PaymentSchedule table, 605
abstractions in, 360–363
testing, 443–444
affiliations in, 362–363
classification changes in, 384–393
Command pattern for, 302–304
database for. See PayrollDatabase class
employees in
adding, 302–304, 352–353, 366–371
paying, 393–408
Factory for, 442–444
main program, 408–409
metrics for, 457–463
packaging. See Components; Packaging
payments in. See Payments
sales receipts in, 354–355, 377
service charges in, 355, 378–380
specification for, 350–351
user interface for. See User interfaces
Payroll window, 657–669
PayrollApplication class, 408–409, 448–450
in Common Closure Principle, 450
in Reuse/Release Equivalence Principle, 452, 454
PayrollDatabase class, 603–604
for affiliations, 391–393
building, 604–605
for DeleteEmployeeTransaction, 373
design flaw in, 605–607
employees in
changing, 382
loading, 623–635
objects in, 409–410
in Reuse/Release Equivalence Principle, 452
for service charges, 379
transactions for, 618–623
PayrollDatabase interface, 607
PayrollDatabaseImplementation class
PayrollDomain class
in Common Closure Principle, 450
in Reuse/Release Equivalence Principle, 452–454
PayrollFactory class
metrics for, 465
PayrollImplementation class
for cohesion, 462
metrics for, 465
PayrollMain class, 669
PayrollPresenter class, 657, 660–661
PayrollPresenterTest class, 658–660
PayrollTest class, 34, 443–444, 606
PayrollView interface, 661–662
PayrollWindow class, 666–667
PayrollWindowTest class, 665–666
PaySingleHourlyEmployeeOneTimeCard method, 399
PaySingleHourlyEmployeeOnWrongDate method, 400
PaySingleHourlyEmployeeOvertimeOneTimeCard method, 399
PaySingleHourlyEmployeeTwoTimeCards method, 400
PaySingleSalariedEmployee method, 396
PaySingleSalariedEmployeeOnWrongDate method, 396–397
PDImplementation class, 452
People in agile development, 5
PerformClick method, 656
Persistence in Single-Responsibility Principle, 119
PersistentObject class, 145–147
PersistentSet set, 145–147
Phone calls, timing of, 233–234
Phone class, associations with, 245
PhoneNumber property
HayesModem, 563
LoudDialModem, 563
ModemDecorator, 565
Phones, cellular
code for, 198–199
collaboration diagrams for, 194–196
diagram evolution for, 199–200
state diagrams for, 194
Photocopier commands, 300–302
Physical bonds, 497
Physical decoupling, 304
Physical diagrams, 179
PiecePart1toCSV method, 569
PiecePart1XML method, 568
PiecePart2toCSV method, 569
PiecePart2XML method, 568
Planning, 23–24
in extreme programming, 19
flexibility of, 7–8
initial exploration in, 24–25
release, 25
task, 26–27
tracking, 28–29
Platforms in Monostate, 338
Plus signs (+) in class diagrams, 244
Poe, Edgar Allen, 543
Point-of-sale systems, 220–221
Point structure, 136–137
Policy class, 124
Policy layer, 155
PolicyLayer layer, 155–156
PolicyServiceInterface interface, 156
Political issues, 417
Poll method, 157–158
M4ContainmentVessel, 284–285
M4HotWaterSource, 282
TestCoffeeMaker, 288
Pollable interface, 275–276, 285–286
Polyadic form of methods, 173–174
Polymorphism
in MONOSTATE, 337
in Open/Closed Principle, 135
in Shape, 137
Positional stability of components, 427
Postconditions, 143
Posting in payroll system
payments, 395
sales receipts, 354–355
service charges, 355
time cards, 354
PotRemovedAndReplacedWhileEmpty method, 289–290
PotRemovedWhileNotEmptyAndReplacedEmpty method, 290
PotRemovedWhileNotEmptyAndReplacedNotEmpty method, 290
Powell, Colin, 603
Preconditions, 143
Prepare method, 632–634
PrepareToSaveEmployee method, 620
PrepareToSavePaymentMethod method, 616–617, 620–621
Presence of MONOSTATE, 338
Presenter property
AddEmployeeWindow, 654
MockPayrollView, 662
PayrollWindow, 667
PresenterValuesAreSet method, 651, 656
Price property
ProductImpl, 517
ProductProxy, 517
Primary course in use cases, 220
Prime numbers. See GeneratePrimes program
PrimeGenerator class, 45–52
Principles in agile development, 8–10
Printers, Copy program for, 108–113
PrinterWriter class, 113
PrintSet method, 145
PriorityFor method, 132
Private classes in class diagrams, 244
Processes in agile development, 5
Product class, 510–512, 533, 535
Product interface, 516
ProductData class, 326, 513–514
ProductDataExtractProductDataFromReader method, 515
ProductDBProxy class, 511
ProductGateway interface, 531
ProductImpl class, 517–518
ProductImplementation class, 511–512
ProductProxy class, 517–518
ProductProxy method, 516
Programming
by coincidence, 70
by difference, 312
extreme. See Extreme programming
Programming practices example, 56–98
Progress measures, 9
PromptForAccount method, 247
Properties
in class diagrams, 251–252
virtual, 140
Protected classes in class diagrams, 244
PROXY pattern
for association stereotypes, 256
implementing, 512–525
for refactoring, 119
for shopping cart, 508–512
for third-party APIs, 527–528
Pseudostates in state transition diagrams, 204, 207–208
Public classes in class diagrams, 244
Pull model observers, 487, 492
Push model observers, 487
PutUncrossedIntegersIntoResult method, 49, 51
Q
Quantity class, 511
Quantity property, 535
QuantityOf property, 534
QuickBubbleSorter class, 323–324
QuickEntryMediator class, 327–329
R
Race conditions in sequence diagrams, 234
Raskin, Jef, 637
Rationales, 6
Ray class, 150
RDBMS (relational database management systems), 369, 410
Read Keyboard module, 108
Read method, 112
Readability of software, 42, 49
Reader interface, 112
ReadUser method, 335
“Realizes” relationships, 246–247
receive method, 504
receiveImp class, 504
RecordMembership method
Affiliation, 393
ChangeAffiliationTransaction, 391
ChangeMemberTransaction, 392
ChangeUnaffiliatedTransaction, 392
Rectangle class, 116–117, 138–141
Rectangles, drawing, 600
recv method, 118
Redesign problems, 104
Reeves, Jack, 103
Refactoring, 41–42
example. See GeneratePrimes program
in extreme programming, 17, 20–21
Reflexive transitions in state transition diagrams, 205
Refund method, 342
Refunds property, 341
Register method, 164–166
RegisterObserver method, 481
Subject, 489
TimeSourceImplementation, 485
Regulate method, 160–161
Relational cohesion (H) metric, 456
Relational database management systems (RDBMS), 369, 410
Relationships
in class diagrams, 181
collaboration diagrams for, 183–184
RelayOnCommand method, 300
RemoteTransactionSource class, 409
REP (Reuse/Release Equivalence Principle)
applying, 452–454
description, 417–418
Repetition in design, 106–107
Report generation
Extension Object for, 565–576
Visitor for, 552–559
RequestDepositAmount method, 169, 171
RequestTransferAmount method, 169, 172
RequestWithdrawalAmount method, 172
Requirements change
attitudes toward, 9
rotting software from, 107
Requirements documents, acceptance tests as, 36
Requirements in extreme programming, 14
reset method, 341
ReSharper refactoring add-in, 45
Responsibility. See Single-Responsibility Principle (SRP)
Responsible components, 427–428, 450–451
Resume method, 283
Reuse
Common Reuse Principle for, 418–419
Reuse/Release Equivalence Principle for, 417–418
Reuse/Release Equivalence Principle (REP)
applying, 452–454
description, 417–418
Rigidity in design, 105
Road maps, diagrams as, 191–192
Rotting software, 104–107
RTC (run-to-completion tasks), 308
Rules of bowling, 99–100
Run method
ActiveObjectEngine, 305–306
Application, 314
ApplicationRunner, 320
SocketServer, 215
Run-to-completion tasks (RTC), 308
runButton_Click method, 667
RunTransactions method
PayrollPresenter, 661
PayrollPresenterTest, 659–660
PayrollWindowTest, 666
S
Salaried employee payments, 396–397
SalariedClassification class, 356
SalariedClassification table, 605
SalariedEmployee class, 246
SalariedUnionMemberDues method, 402–403
Salary property, 646
SalaryObserver class, 492
salaryRadioButton_CheckedChanged method, 654
salaryTextBox control, 656
salaryTextBox_TextChanged method, 655
Sales receipts
implementing, 377
posting, 354–355
SalesReceipt class
in Common Closure Principle, 450
couplings in, 454–455
posting in, 354–356
SalesReceipt table, 605
SalesReceiptTransaction class
couplings in, 454–455
static model of, 377
Salient documentation, 6
SAP (Stable Abstractions Principle), 431–435
SaveEmployeeOperation class, 622–624
SaveEnabled property, 649
SaveIsTransactional method, 618
SaveMailMethodThenHoldMethod method, 621–622
SavePaymentMethod method, 615
Scenarios, sequence diagrams for, 228–231
Schedule property
ChangeHourlyTransaction, 387–388
Employee, 407–408
ScheduleCode method, 611–612
ScheduleGetsSaved method, 610, 612
Schedules class
in Common Closure Principle, 450
merging into PayrollImplementation, 462
in Reuse/Release Equivalence Principle, 452
Schedules for payments, 360–361, 366–367
Score method, 73
Score property, 59–62, 64, 68, 74, 76, 87, 91–93
ScoreForFrame method, 64–65, 67–68, 72–73, 75, 77–89, 94
Scorer class, 65, 80, 87–89, 94–95, 116
Screen class, 194
SDP (Stable-Dependencies Principle), 426–431
SelectSubNode method, 180
Self-organizing teams, 10
Self-Shunt pattern, 443
send method
DedModemController, 504
Modem, 118
sendImp class, 504
Sending Password Failed state in login state machine, 205
Sending Password Succeeded state in login state machine, 205
sendPassword method, 205
Seneca, 31
Sense method, 265
Sensor class, 263
abstraction in, 265
for composites, 469–470
function of, 301
Separate clients in Interface Segregation Principle, 165–166
Separation
of coupled responsibilities, 119
through delegation, 167–168
through multiple inheritance, 168
Sequence diagrams, 182–183, 225–226
active objects in, 240
for cases and scenarios, 228–231
conditions in, 232–233
creating and destroying, 227–228
multiple threads in, 239–240
objects in, 226–227
sending messages to interfaces in, 240–241
Sequence numbers in collaboration diagrams, 184
Serendipitous architecture, 37–38
Serendipitous decoupling, 36
Serve method, 214
Server class, 123
Server method, 214
Service charges
implementing, 379–380
pay periods for, 402–403
posting, 355
ServiceCharge class, 379–380, 449
ServiceChargesSpanningMultiplePayPeriods method, 405–406
ServiceChargeTransaction class, 378–380, 449
ServiceRunner method, 215
Set interface, 145
SetArray method, 322
SetBoilerState method
CoffeeMakerAPI, 262
CoffeeMakerStub, 287
SetDone method, 314
SetDriver method
ClockDriver, 474
MockTimeSource, 476
TimeSource, 475
SetIndicatorState method
CoffeeMakerStub, 287–288
SetLocked method, 589
SetObserver method, 481
MockTimeSource, 478–479
TimeSource, 478
SetReliefValveState method
CoffeeMakerAPI, 263
CoffeeMakerStub, 288
SetState method, 594
SetTime method
MockTimeSink, 477
MockTimeSource, 476, 478, 482–483, 485, 489
ObservableClock, 484
TimeSink, 475
SetUnlocked method, 589
SetUp method
AddEmployeePresenterTest, 642, 648
AddEmployeeWindowTest, 650–651, 656
BOMReportTest, 556–557
BomXmlTest, 567
ClockDriverTest, 481
DbOrderGatewayTest, 538
DbProductGatewayTest, 537
DBTest, 513
LoadEmployeeOperationTest, 625
LoadPaymentMethodOperationTest, 629
ObserverTest, 488
PayrollPresenterTest, 659
PayrollWindowTest, 665
ProxyTest, 516
SMCTurnstileTest, 597
SqlPayrollDatabaseTest, 609, 611–612
TestCoffeeMaker, 288
TestLog, 236
TransactionContainerTest, 668
WindowViewLoaderTest, 663
SetUpReportDatabase method, 558–559
SetWarmerState method
CoffeeMakerAPI, 262
CoffeeMakerStub, 287
Shape application, 124–126
Shape class, 136–137
Shape interface, 130, 438, 467–468
Shape structure, 125–126
ShapeComparer class, 131–132
ShapeFactory class, 227–228
ShapeFactory interface, 438–441
ShapeFactoryImplementation class, 438–441
ShapeType enumeration, 125–126, 136
Shopping cart
implementing, 512–525
object model, 508
Proxy for, 508–512
relational data model, 509
Short cycles in extreme programming, 15
Show method, 656
showLoginScreen method, 204–205
Sieve method, 46
SillyAddAction method, 668
SimpleAssemblyCSV method, 570
SimpleAssemblyXML method, 568–569
Simplicity
in extreme programming, 19–20
importance of, 10
for use cases, 219–220
Single-Responsibility Principle (SRP), 115–117
for adding employees, 366
for CoffeeMaker, 273
for components, 419
defining responsibilities in, 117–118
in dependency cycles, 425
in payroll system, 361
persistence in, 119
for report generation, 553
separating coupled responsibilities in, 119
in table lamp, 498
Singleton class, 332–333
SINGLETON pattern, 331–333
benefits and costs of, 334
for DeleteEmployeeTransaction, 373
example, 334–336
Sku property
Product, 533
ProductImpl, 517
ProductProxy, 517–518
SleepCommand class, 306–308, 310
SleepTillMoreMessagesQueued method, 238
SMC (State Machine Compiler), 591–593
SMCTurnstileTest class, 597–598
Smells of rotting software, 104–107
SocketServer class, 213–217
SocketService interface, 214
Software
early and continuous delivery of, 8
models for, 187–188
rotting, 104–107
Software delivery in extreme programming, 15
Software module functions, 42
Sort method
BubbleSorter, 190, 316–317, 322
DoubleBubbleSorter, 318
IntBubbleSorter, 318
QuickBubbleSorter, 323
SortHandler interface, 322
Sorts
bubble sorts, 316–319, 321–322
QuickBubbleSorter, 323–324
Source code dependencies, class diagrams for, 243–244
Source control, nonblocking, 17–18
Spares
in bowling, 99
testing, 66–73
Sparse matrices, 552
Speaker class, 194
SpeakerVolume property
HayesModem, 562
LoudDialModem, 563
ModemDecorator, 565
Special events in state transition diagrams, 205
Specification-level diagrams, 178–179
Splitting user stories, 24–25
Spock, Mister, 507
Spoofing, 443
SQL Server, 604
SqlCommandBuildInsertionCommand method, 514
SqlCommandBuildItemInsersionStatement method, 523–524
SqlCommandBuildItemsForOrderQueryStatement method, 524
SqlCommandBuildProductDeleteStatement method, 515
SqlPayrollDatabase class, 607–608, 614–623
SqlPayrollDatabaseTest class, 607, 609–614, 621–624
SqlTransaction class, 618
Square class, 137–141, 438, 467–468
Square structure, 125–127
SRP. See Single-Responsibility Principle (SRP)
Stability
and abstraction, 432
definition, 426–427
principles, 420
Acyclic Dependencies Principle, 420–426
Stable Abstractions Principle, 431–435
Stable-Dependencies Principle, 426–431
variable, 429
Stable Abstractions Principle (SAP), 431–435
Stable-Dependencies Principle (SDP), 426–431
Start method
ContainmentVessel, 283
M4ContainmentVessel, 275
StartBrewing method, 272–273
M4HotWaterSource, 282
UserInterface, 280
StartedPotNotEmpty method, 289
StartingState method, 651, 656
StartNoPot method, 288–289
StartNoWater method, 289
StartServiceThread method, 214
State class, 595
basics, 204–205
for cellular phones, 194
FSM, 208–209
state transition diagrams, 204–205, 600–601
pseudostates in, 207–208
special events in, 205
superstates in, 206–207
State Machine Compiler (SMC), 591–593
State machines
applications
distributed processing, 601–602
GUI interaction controllers, 600–601
high-level application policies for GUIs, 598–600
UML notation for, 184
STATE pattern
costs and benefits of, 590
vs. Strategy, 589–590
for turnstile, 586–589
State transition tables (STTs), 208
State variables, internal scope, 583
Stateless interfaces, 598
StateName method, 595
States, 579–580
in state diagrams, 184
State Machine Compiler for, 591–593
transition tables for, 584–586
Static diagrams, 179
Static typing vs. dynamic, 441–442
Statistical analysis of designs, 434–435
Stereotypes in class diagrams, 249–250, 255–256
Stop method, 238
StopCommand class, 309
Store method
Db, 514
ItemData, 523
StoreItem method, 523
StoreProduct method, 513
for Application problem, 319–324
for employee pay, 398
in Open/Closed Principle, 123
in payroll system, 361
vs. STATE, 589–590
vs. TEMPLATE METHOD, 323–324
Strikes in bowling, 99
Strong players, 5
Stroustrup, Bjarne, 55
Structure
class diagrams for, 196–198
of components, 448–450
Structure documents, 6
STTs (state transition tables), 208
SubmitEnabled property
AddEmployeeWindow, 656–657
MockAddEmployeeView, 649
Substates in state transition diagrams, 206
Substitutable factories, 442–443
Substitution and subtypes. See Liskov Substitution Principle (LSP)
Subway turnstiles. See Turnstiles
Superstates in state transition diagrams, 205–207
Support efforts, 417
Sustainable pace
in agile development, 9
in extreme programming, 18
Swap method
DoubleBubbleSorter, 319
IntBubbleSorter, 318
IntSortHandler, 322
Switch/case statements, 580–584
Switch class, 496–497
Switchable interface, 496–499
SwitchableDevice, 159
Synchronous messages in sequence diagrams, 235
System boundary diagrams in use cases, 222
System.Data namespace, 326
T
Table Data Gateway (TDG) pattern
example, 528–535
with Facade, 326
testing, 535–539
Table lamp, 496
Abstract Server for, 496–497
abstraction in, 158–159
Adapter for, 498–499
in Dependency-Inversion Principle, 157–158
Talfourd, Thomas Noon, 153
Tasks
in extreme programming, 15
planning, 26–27
TDD (test-driven development), 16, 32
Teams, 5
in extreme programming, 14
self-organizing, 10
TearDown method
Blah, 609
DbOrderGatewayTest, 538
DbProductGatewayTest, 537
DBTest, 513
PayrollWindowTest, 665
ProxyTest, 516
TestLog, 236
Technical excellence, attention to, 10
TEMPLATE METHOD pattern
abuse of, 315
for adding employees, 369
for Application problem, 311–325
for bubble sort, 316–319
for changing employees, 382–384, 386–387, 389, 391
for modem problem, 561
in Open/Closed Principle, 124
for similar functions, 20
vs. STRATEGY, 323–324
Temporal decoupling, 304
Tennyson, Alfred, 345
Test cases in extreme programming, 18
Test-driven development (TDD), 16, 32
Test-first design, 32–33
Testability of models, 188
Testable software, 32
TestAddOneThrow method, 59
TestAddSalariedEmployee method, 367–368
TestCancelAlarm method, 340
TestChangeHourlyTransaction method, 386
TestChangeNameTransaction method, 383
TestCoffeeMaker class, 288–291
TestCoin method, 339
TestCoinAndPass method, 339
TestCreateCircle method, 440
TestCreateSingleton method, 333
TestFourThrowsNoMark method, 63, 66–67, 69, 71, 96
TestGame class, 63
Testing, 31
acceptance tests, 15–16, 36–37
fixtures, 443–444
GeneratePrimes program, 44, 52–53
isolation in, 33–35
in Open/Closed Principle, 129–130
serendipitous architecture in, 37–38
serendipitous decoupling in, 36
test-driven development, 32
test-first design, 32–33
TestingVisitor method, 557
TestInit method, 339
TestInstance method, 336
TestInstancesBehaveAsOne method, 336
TestLog class, 235–236
TestMonostate method, 336
testMove method, 32–33
TestMultipleSinks method
ClockDriverTest, 481
ObserverTest, 488
TestNoPublicConstructors method, 333
TestNull method, 347
TestOneThrow method, 61–62, 66, 69, 73
TestOrderPrice method, 510
TestPass method, 340
TestPayroll method, 35
TestPaySingleHourlyEmployeeWithTimeCardsSpanningTwoPayPeriods method, 401
TestPerfectGame method, 76–77, 96–97
TestScoreNoThrows method, 58
TestSimpleFrameAfterSpare method, 68, 72, 96
TestSimpleSingleton class, 332–333
TestSimpleSpare method, 66–67, 72, 96
TestSimpleStrike method, 74, 96
TestSleep method, 307
TestSleepCommand class, 306–307
TestTenthFrameSpare method, 79, 97–98
TestTimeCardTransaction method, 375–376
TestTimeChange method
ClockDriverTest, 475, 479, 481
ObserverTest, 488
TestTurnstile class, 583
TestTwoCoins method, 339–340
TestTwoOperations method, 340
TestTwoThrowsNoMark method, 63, 66, 69, 71, 95
Text in FSM diagrams, 208
Text interfaces, 638
TextFieldChanged method, 328
TextParser class, 450
TextParserTransactionSource class, 409, 448
in Common Closure Principle, 450
couplings with, 460–461
Thankyou method, 184
Turnstile, 589
TurnstileFSM, 592
Thermometer interface, 160–161
Thermostat algorithm, 160–161
Third-party APIs, 526–528
Thomas, Dave, 70
Thread class, 216–217
Threads
in object diagrams, 213–217
in sequence diagrams, 239–240
ThreadStart method, 215
Throw class, 57–59
ThrowTest class, 57–58
tic method, 484
Time, digital clock project for, 472–491
Time cards
posting, 354
TimeCard class, 356, 373–376, 449
in Common Closure Principle, 450
couplings in, 454–455
implementing, 373–376
for postings, 354
TimeCard table, 605
TimeCardTransaction class, 375–377, 449
couplings in, 454–455
structure of, 374
TimedDoor class, 164–168
TimeOut method, 164–168
Timer class, 164–167
TimerClient class, 164–168
TimeSink interface, 473–475, 479–481, 487
TimeSource interface, 473–475, 477–479, 482–487, 489
TimeSourceImplementation class, 482–486
Timing in sequence diagrams, 233–234
Tools in agile development, 5
Top-down design vs. bottom-up, 424–426
Total property
OrderImp, 521
OrderProxy, 522
Tracking planning, 28–29
in ATM system, 169
in Common Closure Principle, 450
in Reuse/Release Equivalence Principle, 453–454
Transaction interface, 171, 366
TransactionAdded method, 660
TransactionApplication class
in Reuse/Release Equivalence Principle, 454
TransactionContainer class, 668–669
transactionContainer field, 657
TransactionContainer property
AddEmployeePresenter, 647
PayrollPresenter, 660
TransactionContainerTest, 667–668
TransactionFactory class, 461
metrics for, 465
TransactionImplementation class
for cohesion, 462
metrics for, 465
object factory, 461
Transactions
Command pattern for, 302–304
forms for, 639–640
for payroll database, 615–616, 618–623
Transactions class, 448–449, 452
Transactions method, 669
TransactionSource class, 448
in Common Closure Principle, 450
in Reuse/Release Equivalence Principle, 454
TransactionSource interface, 408–409
TransactionsText method, 665
TransactionsText property
MockPayrollView, 662
PayrollWindow, 667
TransferTransaction class, 169, 172
TransferUI interface, 170, 172–173
Transition class, 586
Transition tables, 584–586
Transitions in state diagrams, 184. See also State diagrams
Transitive dependency, 155
Transparency
MONOSTATE, 337
SINGLETON, 334
TreeMap class, 179–180
class diagram for, 180–181
collaboration diagram for, 183–184
object diagram for, 182
sequence diagram for, 182–183, 228
TreeMapNode class, 179–181
Triangle class, 126–127
Turnstile class, 340–343, 580–581, 583–589, 593–595
TurnstileActions class, 591–592
TurnstileController class, 598
TurnstileController interface, 581, 583–584
TurnstileControllerSpoof class, 581, 597
TurnstileFSM class, 592–593
TurnstileLockedState class, 587
Turnstiles
finite state machines for, 580
Monostate pattern for, 338–343
nested switch/case statements for, 580–584
State Machine Compiler for, 591–598
State pattern for, 586–589
transition tables for, 584–586
TurnstileState interface, 587
TurnstileTest class, 339–340, 581–582
TurnstileUnlockedState class, 587
TwoBallsInFrame method, 84, 89, 95
TwoConsecutiveMessages method, 236
Typing, static vs. dynamic, 441–442
U
UI class, 249
UI interface, 169–170
UIs. See User interfaces
UML. See Unified Modeling Language (UML)
UnboundedSet set, 144
UncrossIntegersUpTo method, 50–51
Undo method, 304–305
Unified Modeling Language (UML), 177–180
for back-end documentation, 192
CASE tools, 201
for communication, 189–191
diagrams. See Diagrams
for road maps, 191–192
Union dues and service charges
implementing, 379–380
pay periods for, 402–403
posting, 355
UnionAffiliation class, 357, 390, 392–393
for service charges, 379–380
for union dues, 403–406
Unit tests
for GeneratePrimes, 44
limitations of, 36
UnixModemConfigurator class, 544, 546–547, 551
Unlock method
TurnstileFSM, 592
Unlocked class, 342–343, 595–596
Unlocked state
in state diagrams, 184
UnlockedTurnstileState class, 588
UPC codes, 221
Update method
ClockObserver, 478
Observer, 488
SalaryObserver, 492
UpdateEmployeesTextBox method, 661
UpdateTransactionsTextBox method, 660–661
Use cases, 219–220
alternate courses in, 221–222
for CoffeeMaker, 267–273
diagramming, 222
for payroll system, 351–359
sequence diagrams for, 228–231
writing, 220–221
Uselessness, zone of, 433
User interfaces, 637–639
for ATM system, 169–174
for CoffeeMaker, 267–273
designing, 639–640
implementing, 640–650
unveiling, 669–670
windows for
building, 650–657
payroll, 657–669
User stories
in extreme programming, 14
in planning, 24
splitting, 24–25
velocity of, 25
UserDatabase class, 189–190
UserDatabase interface, 334–335
UserDatabaseSource class, 335–336
UserInterface class, 268–270, 279
using statements, 428
USRModem class, 503–504
USRoboticsModem class, 499
Utility layer, 155
UtilityLayer layer, 155–156
V
Validate method, 302
ValidateHourlyPaycheck, 398–399
validateUser method, 204–205
Validating user state, 204
Validity in Liskov Substitution Principle, 142
Vapor classes, 265
Variable component stability, 429
Variables in class diagrams, 244
Velocity
feedback of, 26
of user stories, 25
Velocity charts, 28
VerifyPrime method, 53
VerifyPrimeList method, 53
Vertical inheritance, 247
View property, 660
ViewGetsUpdated method, 643, 649
ViewLoader interface, 662
Virtual properties, 140
Viscosity in design, 105–106
Visible events, use cases for, 220
Visit method
BOMReportTest, 557
ExplodedCostVisitor, 555
Modem, 548
PartCountVisitor, 556
UnixModemConfigurator, 546–547, 551
VISITOR pattern, 543–544
for databases, 539–540
for modems, 544–548
for report generation, 552–559
VisitorCoverage method, 558
Vlissides, John, 312
W
WaitForServiceThreads method, 215
WakeLoggerThread method, 238–239
wakeup command, 307
WakeUpCommand class, 306
WarmerPlate class, 263–265
Web interfaces, 638
Weekly builds, 421
WeeklySchedule class, 386–387
White box tests, 36
Whole/part relationships in class diagrams, 252
Whole teams in extreme programming, 14
Wiener, Lauren, 150
Wilkerson, Brian, 150
Williams, Laurie, 16
Windows
building, 650–657
payroll, 657–669
WindowViewLoader class, 658, 664–665, 669
WindowViewLoaderTest class, 663–664
Wirfs-Brock, Rebecca, 150
Wiring of commands, 301
WithdrawalTransaction class, 169–170, 247
WithdrawalUI interface, 170, 172–173, 247
Write Printer module, 108
WriteUser method, 335
WumpusGame, 32–33
X
XML representation for reports, 566
XmlAssemblyExtension class, 573–574
XmlElement property
XmlAssemblyExtension, 573–574
XmlPiecePartExtension, 573
XmlPartExtension class, 572
XmlPiecePartExtension class, 573
XP. See Extreme programming
Y
YIntercept property, 148
Z
Zones
of exclusion, 432–433
of pain, 433
of uselessness, 433
ZoomModemVisitor interface, 550