Chapter 11. Fine Cut: Trimming Edits

What’s the difference between performing an edit and trimming an edit? An edit adds new material to a sequence; a trim adjusts previously assembled sequence material. The development of nonlinear editing has expanded the repertoire of trim edit types. Some trim edit types (like Ripple and Roll) date back to the tape-to-tape days of video editing; others (like the Slide edit) could not have existed before the advent of nonlinear systems.

In this chapter, you’ll learn about the types of trim edits available in Final Cut Express. Each can be performed in a variety of ways (with tools, with timecode entry, and with keystrokes) and in a few different locations (the Timeline, the Trim Edit window, and the Viewer), so you’ll learn how and where you can perform each type. This chapter also introduces the Trim Edit window, a specialized work environment for making fine adjustments to your edits.

Note that when editors talk about performing certain types of edits, the edit type is used as a verb, as in “Roll that cut forward 30 frames.” That’s easier to say than “Perform a Roll edit on that edit point, which will move the edit point forward 30 frames.” In the editing suite, time is money.

Types of Trimming Operations

Each trim edit type can solve a particular editing problem, so it’s a good idea to become familiar with the whole palette—maybe even try them all in advance. (If you would like to review FCE’s basic editing types, return to Chapter 9, “Basic Editing.”)

  • Ripple: A Ripple edit adjusts the length of one clip in a sequence by changing either the In or the Out point of that clip. A Ripple edit accommodates the change by rippling (or shifting) the timecode location of the clips that come after the adjusted edit, without affecting the clips’ duration. Use a Ripple edit if you want to adjust the length of a clip in a sequence without losing sync or creating a gap. Locked tracks will not be rippled. For example, the Close Gap command in the Timeline performs a Ripple Delete edit.

    Figure 11.1 shows a Ripple Left edit, in contrast to Figure 11.2, which shows a Ripple Right edit. Note the differences in the pointer and in the selected edit points.

    A Ripple Left edit, as performed in the Timeline.

    Figure 11.1. A Ripple Left edit, as performed in the Timeline.

    A Ripple Right edit, as performed in the Timeline.

    Figure 11.2. A Ripple Right edit, as performed in the Timeline.

  • Roll: A Roll edit (Figure 11.3) adjusts the location of an edit point shared by two clips. A rolling edit makes the change by subtracting frames from clip A on one side of the edit to compensate for the frames added to clip B on the other side of the edit. The overall duration of the sequence remains unchanged, but the location of the edit in the sequence is changed.

    A Roll edit, as performed in the Timeline.

    Figure 11.3. A Roll edit, as performed in the Timeline.

  • Slip: A Slip edit (Figure 11.4) is an adjustment made within a single clip. When you slip a clip, you select a different part of that clip to include in the sequence, while maintaining the same clip duration and timecode location in the sequence. Surrounding clips are not affected, and the sequence duration does not change.

    A Slip edit, as performed in the Timeline. The selected portion of the clip has shifted –14 frames.

    Figure 11.4. A Slip edit, as performed in the Timeline. The selected portion of the clip has shifted –14 frames.

  • Slide: A Slide edit (Figure 11.5) moves a single clip in relation to those before and after it, so that the durations of the clips on either side change, but the In and Out points of the clip you’re sliding remain the same. The clips immediately adjacent to the sliding clip accommodate the change; the overall sequence duration does not change.

    A Slide edit, as performed in the Timeline. The selected clip has slid 1 second, 21 frames later in the sequence.

    Figure 11.5. A Slide edit, as performed in the Timeline. The selected clip has slid 1 second, 21 frames later in the sequence.

  • Swap: A Swap edit (Figure 11.6) doesn’t alter any sequence clips, but it does change the order in which the clips appear in the sequence. Perform a Swap edit in the Timeline by selecting a clip, dragging it to a new location, and placing it into the sequence using an Insert edit.

    A Swap edit, as performed in the Timeline. The two clips will swap positions.

    Figure 11.6. A Swap edit, as performed in the Timeline. The two clips will swap positions.

  • Extend: An Extend edit (Figure 11.7) moves a selected edit point to the playhead position by extending the clip’s duration, rolling over any gaps or clips that are encountered. You can extend an edit only to the maximum length of that clip’s media. An Extend edit is a useful way to fill sequence gaps without affecting the sequence duration.

    An Extend edit. Select the edit point of the clip you want to extend to the playhead position.

    Figure 11.7. An Extend edit. Select the edit point of the clip you want to extend to the playhead position.

  • Resize: The Selection (or Arrow) tool can be used to resize a clip in the Timeline by dragging an edit point (Figure 11.8). You can drag the edit point to create a gap (by making the duration of the clip smaller) or to cover an existing gap.

    Resizing a clip in the Timeline. Drag an edit point with the Selection tool to adjust the clip’s duration.

    Figure 11.8. Resizing a clip in the Timeline. Drag an edit point with the Selection tool to adjust the clip’s duration.

Tip

Tip
  • Press the Command key to gear down the onscreen tools while performing fine adjustments to a trim. With the Command key engaged, your manipulation of the onscreen trim tools will result in much smaller adjustments to your edit points.

Selecting an Edit for Trimming

The first step in trimming an edit in the Trim Edit window or the Timeline is selecting the edit. If you use a trimming tool from the Tool palette to select the edit, you can select and define the type of trim to perform at the same time. You can select only one edit per track.

If an edit point you select for trimming has been linked to others, the edit points of the linked items are also selected. Any adjustments you make will be applied to all clips in the linked selection, so if you find that you can’t trim an edit point, the conflict may be with one of the linked items. You can toggle linked selection off by holding down the Option key as you select the edit.

With snapping turned on, edit points will stick to markers, keyframes, the playhead, and edit points on other tracks. Snapping can simplify alignment of edits in the Timeline. To toggle snapping on the fly, press the N key while dragging edit points.

Tips

Tips
  • Many trim operations will ripple all of your unlocked tracks as part of the trim process. If you don’t want your tracks taking unplanned trips when you are trimming, lock all tracks except the ones you want to adjust.

  • If FCE refuses to execute a trim edit that would ripple your unlocked tracks backward, check to see if other tracks in your sequence contain clips that can’t move back in time without bumping into other clips.

To select an edit in the Timeline:

Do one of the following:

  1. From the Tool palette, choose the Edit Selection tool (Figure 11.9); or press G. Then click an edit point in the Timeline.

    Choose the Edit Selection tool from the Tool palette. This tool is designed to detect and select edits only.

    Figure 11.9. Choose the Edit Selection tool from the Tool palette. This tool is designed to detect and select edits only.

    The Trim Edit window opens.

  2. From the Tool palette, choose the Selection tool; then click the edge of the clip in the Timeline. Double-click the edit if you want the Trim Edit window to open as well.

  3. From the Tool palette, choose the Ripple tool or the Roll tool; then click the edge of the clip in the Timeline.

  4. Press V to select the edit point nearest the playhead’s location.

Tips

Tips
  • If you are having trouble selecting Timeline edit points, use the Zoom slider to magnify your view, or try again with the Ripple tool or the Roll tool; they’re designed to select edit points only, so you can’t accidentally select a clip.

  • Using the Option key to override linked selection works with any edit tool, just as it does with the Selection tool.

  • These keyboard combos can help you snag edit points on audio clips composed of multiple linked stereo clips: Command-click the edit point of a stereo pair to add both audio channels to your selection. Command-Option-click to restrict your selection to a single audio edit point.

To select multiple edits in the Timeline:

Do one of the following:

  1. From the Tool palette, choose the Edit Selection tool; then draw a marquee around the edit points of one or more Timeline tracks (Figure 11.10). You can select one edit per track; the selected edits don’t have to be aligned in time.

    Draw a marquee around the edit points you want to select.

    Figure 11.10. Draw a marquee around the edit points you want to select.

    The Trim Edit window opens as you release the mouse button.

  2. From the Tool palette, choose the Selection tool; then Command-click the edge of the clips in the Timeline. Double-click any selected edit if you want the Trim Edit window to open as well.

  3. From the Tool palette, choose the Ripple tool or the Roll tool; then Command-click the edge of the clips in the Timeline.

Anatomy of the Trim Edit Window

The Trim Edit window is a work environment optimized for making fine adjustments to a single edit point. You can trim the selected edit by one frame or several frames, quickly switch between Ripple and Roll edits, and play back the edit to review your trim adjustments. The Play Around Edit button is designed to loop playback of your edit while you fine-tune it. The looping is not seamless, though; a slight interruption occurs in the playback when you nudge the edit point.

Figure 11.11 shows an overview of the Trim Edit window.

Use the Trim Edit window to make fine adjustments to a selected edit point.

Figure 11.11. Use the Trim Edit window to make fine adjustments to a selected edit point.

  • Outgoing clip name: Displays the name of the outgoing clip.

  • Outgoing clip duration: Displays the elapsed time between the In and Out points of the outgoing clip. This value updates to reflect trim adjustments.

  • Outgoing clip current timecode: Displays the clip’s source timecode at the current position of the playhead.

  • Track pop-up menu: Displays a list if multiple edits have been selected. Select the track you want to edit in the Trim Edit window.

  • Current sequence timecode: Displays the sequence timecode location of the edit point. Enter + or – and a duration to roll the edit point. You don’t need to click in the field; just start typing.

  • Incoming clip current timecode: Displays the clip’s source timecode at the current position of the playhead.

  • Incoming clip duration: Displays the elapsed time between the In and Out points of the incoming clip. This value updates to reflect trim adjustments.

  • Incoming clip name: Displays the name of the incoming clip.

  • Large two-up display: The left screen displays the last frame before the edit. The right screen displays the first frame after the edit.

  • Green bar: Indicates which side of the edit you are trimming.

  • Edit points: Indicate the current Out and In points for the two clips in the Trim edit window. You can trim by dragging the outgoing clip’s Out point or the incoming clip’s In point with an edit tool.

  • Playback controls for individual clips: The outgoing and incoming clips have separate playback controls. Use these controls to play only that clip without changing the current edit point location.

  • Out Shift: Indicates the number of frames that the Out point has been adjusted.

  • Mark Out button: Click to set a new Out point for the outgoing clip at the current playhead position.

  • Trim Back buttons: Nudge the selected edit point to the left. Trim by single-frame increments or by another frame increment you specify on the Editing tab of FCE’s User Preferences window.

  • Trim Forward buttons: Nudge the selected edit point to the right.

  • Mark In button: Click to set a new In point for the incoming clip at the current playhead position.

  • In Shift: Indicates the number of frames that the In point has been adjusted.

Figure 11.12 shows the Trim Edit window’s transport controls.

Trim Edit window transport controls detail. The Dynamic Trim check box is located beneath the transport controls.

Figure 11.12. Trim Edit window transport controls detail. The Dynamic Trim check box is located beneath the transport controls.

  • Previous Edit button: Click to move the previous edit into the active area of the Trim Edit window.

  • Play In to Out button: Click to play from the start of the first clip to the end of the second clip.

  • Play Around Edit Loop button: Click to loop playback of the edit point plus the specified pre-roll and post-roll. Playback loops until you click Stop. You can continue trimming the edit while playback is looping.

  • Stop button: Click to stop playback and position the playhead on the edit point.

  • Next Edit button: Click to move the next edit into the active area of the Trim Edit window.

  • Dynamic Trim check box: Check to enable dynamic trimming mode. See “To use dynamic trim mode to adjust an edit point” later in this chapter.

Using the Trim Edit Window

The Trim Edit window offers plenty of flexibility to accommodate your editing style; you can mix and match trimming methods in a single trim operation. This window features two good-sized screens displaying the clips on either side of the edit you are adjusting, as well as Duration and Current Timecode displays for each side.

Tip

Tip
  • If you’re using Timecode entry in the Trim Edit window, you can cancel an edit by pressing the Esc key while the Timecode field is still active. You can also undo an edit at any time by pressing Command-Z.

To open the Trim Edit window:

Do one of the following:

  1. Press Command-7.

    The playhead jumps to the closest edit on the target track, and the Trim Edit window opens with a Roll edit selected.

  2. In the Timeline, click an edit with the Edit Selection tool (Figure 11.13).

    Click an edit point in the Timeline with the Edit Selection tool.

    Figure 11.13. Click an edit point in the Timeline with the Edit Selection tool.

    The edit is selected, and the Trim Edit window opens automatically (Figure 11.14).

    The Trim Edit window opens automatically.

    Figure 11.14. The Trim Edit window opens automatically.

  3. Click an edit with the Ripple or Roll tool, and the Trim Edit window opens with that edit type already selected.

  4. Choose Sequence > Trim Edit.

  5. In the Timeline, double-click an edit.

To close the Trim Edit window:

Do one of the following:

  1. Move the Timeline or the Canvas playhead away from the edit.

  2. Click anywhere in the Timeline away from an edit to deselect all edits in the Timeline.

  3. Click the close button in the upper-left corner of the Trim Edit window (Figure 11.15).

    Close the Trim Edit window by clicking the close button in the upper-left corner.

    Figure 11.15. Close the Trim Edit window by clicking the close button in the upper-left corner.

Tip

Tip
  • All the plus and minus adjustments you make in the Trim Edit window refer to the location of the edit point, not the duration of either clip. That’s especially important to remember when you’re making adjustments on the right side of the edit point.

To trim an edit in the Trim Edit window:

  1. Select one or more edit points to trim, using any of the methods described earlier in this section. Then, if the Trim Edit window has not opened automatically, press Command-7 to open the Trim Edit window.

  2. In the Trim Edit window, select the type of trim operation by clicking in the appropriate image area (the pointer changes to indicate whether you’ve selected Ripple Left, Roll, or Ripple Right):

    1. Click the left image to trim the out-going clip with a Ripple Left edit.

    2. Click the right image to trim the incoming clip with a Ripple Right edit (Figure 11.16).

      Click the image on the right in the Trim Edit window to select a Ripple Right edit.

      Figure 11.16. Click the image on the right in the Trim Edit window to select a Ripple Right edit.

    3. Click the area between the images to select a Roll edit.

    4. A green bar appears above the clip image, indicating the side of the edit that is selected for trimming.

  3. Trim the edit using one of the following methods:

    1. Use the Trim Forward and Trim Back buttons to move the edit point to the left or right by frame increments (Figure 11.17).

      Clicking this Trim Forward button moves the edit point to the right by single-frame increments.

      Figure 11.17. Clicking this Trim Forward button moves the edit point to the right by single-frame increments.

    2. Trim the edit point by typing + or – and a duration to add or subtract. You don’t need to click the field—just start typing and then press Enter. The type of trim performed depends on the edit selection you made in step 2.

    3. Drag an edit point in the Scrubber bar.

    4. Use the individual playback controls under either clip to play the clip; then mark a new Out point for the outgoing clip or a new In point for the incoming clip.

      The In Shift and Out Shift fields update to show the total cumulative shift in the edit point. These fields will track the shift, even if you perform the trim as several small adjustments. The Timeline display updates to reflect your trim.

  4. Use the transport controls to review your edit.

    1. Click the Play In to Out button to play from the start of the first clip to the end of the second clip (Figure 11.18).

      Review your trim by clicking the Play In to Out button to play from the beginning of the incoming clip to the end of the outgoing clip.

      Figure 11.18. Review your trim by clicking the Play In to Out button to play from the beginning of the incoming clip to the end of the outgoing clip.

    2. Click the Play Around Edit Loop button to loop playback of the edit point plus the specified pre-roll and post-roll.

    3. Click the Stop button to stop playback and position the playhead on the edit point.

  5. When you finish trimming, close the Trim Edit window.

Tips

Tips
  • The right amount of pre- and post-roll can establish a perfect rhythm and pace that helps you nail a tricky edit. You can adjust the default pre-roll and post-roll settings on the Editing tab of the User Preferences window.

  • You can use the Previous Edit and Next Edit buttons in the Trim Edit window to move to the next edit on the current track without leaving the Trim Edit window.

  • If you have selected multiple edits to trim, use the Track pop-up menu to select the track to view in the Trim Edit window (Figure 11.19).

    Use the Track pop-up menu to choose another selected edit point for trimming. Even when you’re trimming an audio clip, you’ll still see video playback in preview mode, and you’ll be able to hear all the audio tracks at that edit point in your sequence.

    Figure 11.19. Use the Track pop-up menu to choose another selected edit point for trimming. Even when you’re trimming an audio clip, you’ll still see video playback in preview mode, and you’ll be able to hear all the audio tracks at that edit point in your sequence.

To adjust an edit point on the fly:

  1. In the Trim Edit window, select the type of trim operation by one of the methods described in the previous task.

    A green bar appears above the clip image, indicating the side of the edit that is selected for trimming.

  2. Click the Play Around Edit Loop button (or press the spacebar) to loop playback of the edit point (Figure 11.20).

    Click the Play Around Edit Loop button to loop the playback of your edit point plus the specified pre-roll and post-roll.

    Figure 11.20. Click the Play Around Edit Loop button to loop the playback of your edit point plus the specified pre-roll and post-roll.

  3. As the preview loop plays, tap the I key to set a new In point on the incoming clip, or tap the O to set a new Out point on the outgoing clip (Figure 11.21).

    As the playback loops in preview mode, you can use the I and O keys or the Mark buttons to adjust the edit point on the fly.

    Figure 11.21. As the playback loops in preview mode, you can use the I and O keys or the Mark buttons to adjust the edit point on the fly.

    The corresponding In or Out edit point is adjusted accordingly. The looped playback hesitates briefly and then resumes.

To use dynamic trim mode to adjust an edit point:

  1. In the Trim Edit window, enable dynamic trim mode by checking its box.

  2. Position the mouse pointer in the image area of the clip you want to trim.

    The pointer changes to the Ripple Left, Ripple Right, or Roll tool depending on the pointer’s location; the Play control on the affected clip is highlighted (Figure 11.22).

    Dynamic Trim mode uses the mouse pointer’s location to determine which side of the edit you’re trimming and lets you use the JKL keys to control playback and mark edit points.

    Figure 11.22. Dynamic Trim mode uses the mouse pointer’s location to determine which side of the edit you’re trimming and lets you use the JKL keys to control playback and mark edit points.

  3. Use the JKL keyboard transport commands to play the clip you’re adjusting.

  4. Click the K key to stop the playhead at the point you want to set as your new edit point.

    The edit point adjusts to the playhead position automatically.

Tip

Tip

To slip an edit in the Trim Edit window:

  1. In the Trim Edit window, Shift-drag the active edit point on either Scrubber bar to slip that clip (Figure 11.23); or drag the edit point with the Slip tool.

    Shift-dragging an active edit point in the Trim Edit window slips the selected clip. During the slip, the display changes to show the new In and Out points.

    Figure 11.23. Shift-dragging an active edit point in the Trim Edit window slips the selected clip. During the slip, the display changes to show the new In and Out points.

    The Current Time display switches to show the adjusted timecode location for the edit point you are slipping.

  2. Release the mouse button to complete the Slip edit.

    The Current Time display reverts to displaying the timecode location at the clip’s current playhead position.

Trimming Edits in the Timeline

The Timeline can be a good place to trim your sequence if you need to keep tabs on multiple tracks in relation to one another. You can perform all types of trim edits in the Timeline: Ripple, Roll, Slip, Slide, Extend, Swap, and Resize.

Tip

Tip
  • Set up your Timeline display to optimize the efficiency of your trim operation. Things to check include the time scale, track size, snapping, and vertical scroll bar setup. You’ll find details on Timeline display options in Chapter 10, “Editing in the Timeline and the Canvas.”

To perform a Ripple edit in the Timeline:

  1. From the Tool palette, choose the Ripple tool (Figure 11.24).

    Choose the Ripple tool from the Tool palette.

    Figure 11.24. Choose the Ripple tool from the Tool palette.

  2. In the Timeline, select the edit by clicking near the edge of the clip.

    The selected side of the edit will be highlighted.

  3. Ripple the edit using one of the following methods:

    1. Drag the edit to adjust the duration of the clip in the sequence.

    2. Type + or – followed by the number of frames to add to or subtract from the current edit point (Figure 11.25); then press Enter.

    After selecting the edit you want to ripple, type + or – followed by the number of frames to add to or subtract from the edit point.

    Figure 11.25. After selecting the edit you want to ripple, type + or – followed by the number of frames to add to or subtract from the edit point.

To perform a Ripple edit on multiple tracks simultaneously:

  • Command-click to select multiple edit points; then use the Ripple tool to perform the Ripple edit across all the tracks (Figure 11.26).

    Performing a Ripple edit on multiple tracks in the Timeline.

    Figure 11.26. Performing a Ripple edit on multiple tracks in the Timeline.

Tip

Tip
  • Holding down the Shift key while you perform a trim toggles the pointer between the Ripple and Roll tools.

To perform an asymmetric Ripple trim in the Timeline:

  1. Make a Ripple Left edit selection on the video track clip by clicking the left side of the edit point with the Ripple tool. If the clip is linked, you must Option-click to override linked selection.

  2. On the audio track clip, use the Ripple tool again to make a Ripple Right edit selection on the other side of the audio track’s edit point. If you’re working on a linked clip, Command-click to select just the right side of the edit point with the Ripple tool (Figure 11.27).

    Command-clicking the right side of this edit with the Ripple tool selects just the audio edit point of this linked clip to ripple right.

    Figure 11.27. Command-clicking the right side of this edit with the Ripple tool selects just the audio edit point of this linked clip to ripple right.

  3. Type + or – followed by the number of frames to add to or subtract from the current edit points (Figure 11.28); then press Enter.

    Use timecode entry to adjust the edit point. In this example, typing –60 trims 60 frames off the end of the V1 track of the left clip and 60 frames off the head of the A1 track of the right clip.

    Figure 11.28. Use timecode entry to adjust the edit point. In this example, typing –60 trims 60 frames off the end of the V1 track of the left clip and 60 frames off the head of the A1 track of the right clip.

    The video track edit point shifts back, while the audio track edit point shifts ahead by the same amount (Figure 11.29).

    The completed asymmetric Ripple edit produces a split edit. Both clips were rippled by the same number of frames without affecting the sync of the downstream clips—note that the position of the clip markers is unchanged.

    Figure 11.29. The completed asymmetric Ripple edit produces a split edit. Both clips were rippled by the same number of frames without affecting the sync of the downstream clips—note that the position of the clip markers is unchanged.

Tip

Tip
  • Use asymmetric trimming to create a split edit without changing the sync relationship of your sequence clips.

To perform a Roll edit in the Timeline:

  1. From the Tool palette, choose the Roll tool (Figure 11.30).

    Choose the Roll tool from the Tool palette.

    Figure 11.30. Choose the Roll tool from the Tool palette.

  2. In the Timeline, select the edit point.

  3. Roll the edit using one of the following methods:

    1. Drag in either direction. As you drag, the Canvas display changes to two smaller screens that show the Out point of the outgoing clip on the left and the In point of the incoming clip on the right (Figure 11.31).

      During a Roll edit, the Canvas window converts to dual-screen mode, displaying the outgoing Out point on the left and the incoming In point on the right.

      Figure 11.31. During a Roll edit, the Canvas window converts to dual-screen mode, displaying the outgoing Out point on the left and the incoming In point on the right.

    2. Type + or – followed by the number of frames to add to or subtract from the current edit point; then press Enter.

To roll multiple tracks simultaneously:

  • Command-click to select multiple edit points; then use the Roll tool to perform the Roll edit across all the tracks (Figure 11.32).

    Performing a Roll edit across multiple tracks in the Timeline.

    Figure 11.32. Performing a Roll edit across multiple tracks in the Timeline.

Tip

Tip
  • If you’re still dragging but your Roll edit stops rolling, your clip has reached the end of the media.

To slip a clip in the Timeline:

  1. In the Tool palette, choose the Slip tool (Figure 11.33).

    Choose the Slip tool from the Tool palette.

    Figure 11.33. Choose the Slip tool from the Tool palette.

  2. In the Timeline, select the clip and drag it left or right. As you drag:

    1. An outline of the complete clip appears, indicating the amount of media available.

    2. The Canvas display changes to two smaller screens that show the In point frame on the left and the Out point frame on the right (Figure 11.34).

      During the Slip edit, the Canvas window converts to dual-screen mode, displaying the In point frame on the left and the Out point frame on the right.

      Figure 11.34. During the Slip edit, the Canvas window converts to dual-screen mode, displaying the In point frame on the left and the Out point frame on the right.

  3. Release the mouse button when you have positioned the clip at its new location.

Tip

Tip
  • Try turning off snapping in the Timeline before you slip your clip. Your clip will slip more smoothly.

To slip a clip in the Timeline using numerical timecode entry:

  1. Select the clip in the Timeline.

  2. In the Tool palette, choose the Slip tool.

  3. Type + or – and the number of frames to slip; then press Enter.

To slide a clip in the Timeline:

  1. In the Tool palette, choose the Slide tool.

  2. In the Timeline, select the entire clip (Figure 11.35) and drag it left or right. As you drag:

    1. An outline of the complete clip appears, indicating the amount of media available (Figure 11.36).

      Select the clip with the Slide tool.

      Figure 11.35. Select the clip with the Slide tool.

      During the Slide edit, an outline of the complete clip appears in the Timeline, indicating the amount of media available outside the clip’s edit points.

      Figure 11.36. During the Slide edit, an outline of the complete clip appears in the Timeline, indicating the amount of media available outside the clip’s edit points.

    2. The Canvas display changes to two smaller screens, which show the Out point frame of the clip to the left of the sliding clip and the In point frame of the clip to the right of the sliding clip.

  3. Release the mouse button when you have positioned the clip at its new location (Figure 11.37).

    The clip in its new sequence location.

    Figure 11.37. The clip in its new sequence location.

To slide a clip in the Timeline using numerical timecode entry:

  1. Select the clip in the Timeline.

  2. In the Tool palette, choose the Slide tool.

  3. Type + or – and the number of frames to slide; then press Enter.

To perform a Swap edit in the Timeline:

  1. In the Timeline, select the clip you want to move.

  2. Drag the clip from its current sequence location to the new location (Figure 11.38).

    Drag the Timeline clip from its current sequence location to the edit point at the new location.

    Figure 11.38. Drag the Timeline clip from its current sequence location to the edit point at the new location.

  3. Align the head of the selected clip with the head of the clip in the Timeline at the insert location (Figure 11.39); then press Option without releasing the mouse button.

    Use snapping to help you line up the head of the clip you are moving with the edit point where you want to insert the clip.

    Figure 11.39. Use snapping to help you line up the head of the clip you are moving with the edit point where you want to insert the clip.

    The pointer becomes a curved arrow.

  4. Drop the selected clip at the insertion point you selected (Figure 11.40).

    When you press Option as you drop the clip into the Timeline, the pointer changes to a curved arrow. Drop the clip at the insertion point.

    Figure 11.40. When you press Option as you drop the clip into the Timeline, the pointer changes to a curved arrow. Drop the clip at the insertion point.

    The inserted clip and the sequence clip swap positions; no sequence clip durations are altered (Figure 11.41), but the order in which they appear has changed.

    The inserted clip pushes the rest of the sequence clips down without altering any sequence durations.

    Figure 11.41. The inserted clip pushes the rest of the sequence clips down without altering any sequence durations.

Tips

Tips
  • The Swap edit is one way to go if you want to preserve render files you’ve already created. The swapped clips don’t change duration, and they maintain the linkage to their previously rendered files.

  • You can perform Swap edits only with single clips.

To perform an Extend edit in the Timeline:

  1. Check the Snapping control to make sure snapping is on. (An Extend edit is a little easier to perform with snapping turned on.)

  2. From the Tool palette, choose the Selection tool or the Edit Selection tool.

  3. In the Timeline, click the edit point of the clip you want to extend (Figure 11.42).

    Use the Selection (or the Edit Selection) tool to select the edit point of the clip you want to extend.

    Figure 11.42. Use the Selection (or the Edit Selection) tool to select the edit point of the clip you want to extend.

  4. Move the playhead to the position that the edit will extend to (Figure 11.43); then press the E key.

    Position the playhead to mark the new edit point for the edit; then press E.

    Figure 11.43. Position the playhead to mark the new edit point for the edit; then press E.

    The clip with the selected edit extends to the playhead position. An Extend edit will overwrite any gaps or clips it encounters, up to the position of the playhead (Figure 11.44).

    The clip on the left lengthens, extending to the playhead position, overwriting any gaps or clips.

    Figure 11.44. The clip on the left lengthens, extending to the playhead position, overwriting any gaps or clips.

    If there is not enough media to reach your selected playhead position, an “insufficient content for edit” error message appears, and the edit is canceled.

Tips

Tips
  • Use an Extend edit to create a split edit on the fly. In the Timeline, select the edit you want to adjust by Option-clicking it; then play back your sequence and press the E key when you see your new edit location. The edit point will move to the playhead’s position at the moment you press E—if you have enough media in your clip to extend it to that point.

  • Extend edits are also a neat way to clean up the tail ends of a stack of clips with different durations. Select the edit points of the shorter clips, position the playhead at the end of the longest clip, and press E (Figure 11.45). If you have enough media available, all the clips will align their durations to match that of your longest clip (Figure 11.46).

    Select the edit points of the shorter clips; position the playhead at the end of the longest clip and then press E.

    Figure 11.45. Select the edit points of the shorter clips; position the playhead at the end of the longest clip and then press E.

    The edit extends the duration of all the selected clips to match that of the longest clip.

    Figure 11.46. The edit extends the duration of all the selected clips to match that of the longest clip.

To resize the duration of a clip in the Timeline:

  1. In the Tool palette, choose the Selection tool (Figure 11.47).

    Choose the Selection tool from the Tool palette. The Selection arrow changes to a Resize pointer when you position it near an edit point.

    Figure 11.47. Choose the Selection tool from the Tool palette. The Selection arrow changes to a Resize pointer when you position it near an edit point.

  2. In the Timeline, select an edit point and drag it (Figure 11.48).

    Dragging the edit point of the selected clip in the Timeline resizes the clip.

    Figure 11.48. Dragging the edit point of the selected clip in the Timeline resizes the clip.

    You can drag the edit point to create a gap (by making the duration of the clip shorter; Figure 11.49) or cover an existing gap (by making the duration of the clip longer).

    The clip, resized to a shorter duration, leaves a gap in its Timeline track.

    Figure 11.49. The clip, resized to a shorter duration, leaves a gap in its Timeline track.

To divide (razor-blade) a clip in the Timeline:

  1. Set your target track to the one that contains the clip you want to divide (Figure 11.50).

    Target the track that contains the clip before you select its division point.

    Figure 11.50. Target the track that contains the clip before you select its division point.

  2. In the Timeline, position the playhead at the point where you want to divide the clip (Figure 11.51); then press Control-V to add an edit point.

    Position the playhead at the point where you want to divide the clip.

    Figure 11.51. Position the playhead at the point where you want to divide the clip.

    The added edit point will create an additional clip that starts at the playhead position (Figure 11.52).

    The clip divides at the playhead position. The added edit point creates an additional clip that starts at the playhead position.

    Figure 11.52. The clip divides at the playhead position. The added edit point creates an additional clip that starts at the playhead position.

    Or do this:

    Press B to select the Razor Blade tool; then click at the point where you want to divide the clip.

Tips

Tips
  • Both halves of a divided clip will have the same name as the original, so if you plan on keeping both of them around, you may want to give them new names that reflect their history as two halves of a bladed clip—for instance, intro_01.1 and intro_01.2. Remember, though, that renaming an affiliate clip causes all other affiliates and the master clip they reference to be renamed as well. If you’ve bladed an affiliate clip, you’ll need to change the status of each additional piece to Independent or Master in order to give it a unique name. Learn more about FCE’s clip-handling grammar in Chapter 4, “Projects, Sequences, and Clips.”

  • Use the Razor Blade All tool to divide clips on all Timeline tracks at the same point.

About through edits

FCE defines a through edit as an edit point joining two clips with the same reel number and contiguous timecode (such as a clip you’ve divided in two with the Razor Blade tool). You have the option of removing the through edit and merging the two adjacent clips into one continuous clip.

To remove a through edit:

Do one of the following:

  1. In the Timeline, select the through edit indicator and press Delete.

  2. Control-click the through edit indicator in the Timeline; then choose Join Through Edit from the shortcut menu (Figure 11.53).

    Control-click the through edit indicator; then choose Join Through Edit from the shortcut menu.

    Figure 11.53. Control-click the through edit indicator; then choose Join Through Edit from the shortcut menu.

    The edit point disappears, and the divided clip is rejoined. The newly merged clip adopts the properties (filters, opacity, audio levels, and so on) of the first (left) clip.

Trimming Edits in the Viewer

You can perform four types of trim operations in the Viewer: Ripple, Roll, Slip, and Resize. Remember that you can perform trim operations only on sequence clips, so all these trim operations require you to open the sequence clip in the Viewer by double-clicking it in the Timeline.

To perform a Ripple edit in the Viewer:

  1. From the Tool palette, choose the Ripple tool.

  2. In the Timeline, double-click the clip to open it in the Viewer.

  3. In the Viewer’s Scrubber bar, drag either the In or the Out point to ripple the clip (Figure 11.54).

    Dragging the Out point with the Ripple tool. The edit point will be rippled to the left.

    Figure 11.54. Dragging the Out point with the Ripple tool. The edit point will be rippled to the left.

To perform a Roll edit in the Viewer:

  1. From the Tool palette, choose the Roll tool.

  2. In the Timeline, double-click the clip to open it in the Viewer.

  3. In the Viewer’s Scrubber bar, drag either the In or the Out point to roll the edit.

    If you run out of media to accommodate the shift in your edit point, an overlay appears on the image in the Viewer warning you of a “Media limit” error on the track that’s run out of frames.

To slip a clip in the Viewer:

  1. From the Tool palette, choose the Slip tool.

  2. In the Timeline, double-click the clip to open it in the Viewer.

  3. In the Viewer’s Scrubber bar, drag either the In or the Out point to slip the clip.

    As you slip, the Viewer displays the first frame of the clip; the Canvas displays the last frame of the clip (Figure 11.55).

    As you slip the edit, the Viewer displays the first frame of the clip, and the Canvas displays the last frame.

    Figure 11.55. As you slip the edit, the Viewer displays the first frame of the clip, and the Canvas displays the last frame.

Tip

Tip
  • You can also slip a clip in the Viewer by Shift-dragging either the In or the Out point with the Selection tool.

To resize a clip in the Viewer:

  1. In the Tool palette, choose the Selection tool.

  2. In the Timeline, double-click the clip to open it in the Viewer.

  3. In the Viewer’s Scrubber bar, drag either the In or the Out point to resize the clip (Figure 11.56).

    Dragging the edit point in the Viewer’s Scrubber bar resizes the selected clip.

    Figure 11.56. Dragging the edit point in the Viewer’s Scrubber bar resizes the selected clip.

    You can drag the edit point to create a gap (by decreasing the duration of the clip) or cover an existing gap (by increasing the duration of the clip).

Correcting Out-of-Sync Clips

When you insert a sync clip into a sequence, the audio and video are automatically linked. That means you’ll have to go out of your way to knock them out of sync, because linked items are selected and moved together. However, if you have turned linked selection off, it’s possible to knock a sync clip out of sync.

Boxes appear on the clips that are out of sync. These indicators display the number of frames that the audio and video portions of the clip are out of sync in relation to each other.

Final Cut Express offers two options for correcting a sync problem:

  • You can move a clip into sync, which repositions the selected portion of the clip so that the sync is corrected.

  • You can slip a clip into sync, which corrects the sync problem by performing a Slip edit on the selected portion of the clip (keeping the clip in the same position and shifting the contents of the clip).

Occasionally, you’ll want to move a clip out of sync intentionally—for example, when you combine the video from one take with substitute audio from another take.

In that case, you might want to mark the video and the substitute audio as being in sync if you don’t want to be warned of a sync problem.

To move a clip into sync:

  • In the Timeline, Control-click the out-of-sync indicator (the red box on the clip; Figure 11.57); then choose Move into Sync from the shortcut menu (Figure 11.58).

    Control-click the out-of-sync indicator on the part of the clip you wish to reposition.

    Figure 11.57. Control-click the out-of-sync indicator on the part of the clip you wish to reposition.

    Choose Move into Sync from the shortcut menu.

    Figure 11.58. Choose Move into Sync from the shortcut menu.

The portion of the clip you selected is repositioned to correct the sync (Figure 11.59).

The portion of the clip you selected is repositioned in the Timeline so the sync is corrected. Note that you can move a clip into sync only if there is a gap in the track to accommodate the move.

Figure 11.59. The portion of the clip you selected is repositioned in the Timeline so the sync is corrected. Note that you can move a clip into sync only if there is a gap in the track to accommodate the move.

To slip a clip into sync:

  • In the Timeline, Control-click the out-of-sync indicator (the red box) on the clip portion you want to slip into sync; then choose Slip into Sync from the shortcut menu.

To mark clips as in sync:

  • In the Timeline, select the audio and video clips you want to mark as in sync (Figure 11.60); then choose Modify > Mark in Sync.

    Select the audio and video clips you want to mark as in sync.

    Figure 11.60. Select the audio and video clips you want to mark as in sync.

The two selected clips are marked as in sync, without shifting their positions in the Timeline (Figure 11.61).

The clips do not shift position, but are marked as in sync.

Figure 11.61. The clips do not shift position, but are marked as in sync.

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