Chapter 12

1 Radial gradients are discussed in DVD Chapters 14 and 15.

2 G. V. Jeffreys, A Problem in Chemical Engineering Design: The Manufacture of Acetic Anhydride, 2nd ed. (London: Institution of Chemical Engineers, 1964).

3 Information on the overall heat-transfer coefficient may be found in C. J. Geankoplis, Transport Processes and Unit Operations, 4th ed. Englewood Cliffs, N.J., Prentice Hall (2003), p. 300.

4 T. Furusawa, H. Nishimura, and T. Miyauchi, J. Chem. Eng. Jpn., 2, 95 (1969).

5 CPA and CPC are estimated from the observation that the great majority of low-molecular-weight oxygen-containing organic liquids have a mass heat capacity of 0.6 cal/g · °C ±15%.

6 Vejtasa, S.A. and R. A. Schmitz, AIChE J., 16 (3), 415 (1970).

7 Courtesy of J. Singh, Chemical Engineering, 92 (1997) and B. Venugopal, Chemical Engineering, 54 (2002).

8 Obtained from inviscid pericosity measurements.

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