Appendix C

¹ For the limitations and for further explanation of these relationships, see, for example, K. Denbigh, The Principles of Chemical Equilibrium, 3rd ed. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1971), p. 138.

² See Chapter 9 in J. M. Smith, Introduction to Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics, 3rd ed. (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1959), and Chapter 9 in S. I. Sandler, Chemical and Engineering Thermodynamics, 2nd ed. (New York: Wiley, 1989), for a discussion of chemical equilibrium. including nonideal effects.