Appendix A: Endnotes

2 Karis Hustad, ““Netflix Rolls Out Updated, Smarter TV Interface,” Christian Science Monitor, November 13, 2013. http://www.csmonitor.com/Innovation/2013/1113/Netflix-rolls-out-updated-smarter-TV-interface

3 “Apple TV: A Simpler Interface, Easier Access to Media Through the iCloud” Washington Post, March 8, 2012. http://www.washingtonpost.com/business/economy/apple-tv-a-simpler-interface-easier-access-to-media-through-icloud/2012/03/08/gIQARVivzR_story.html

2 Simon Hudson, Bumps for Boomers: Marketing Sport Tourism to the Aging Tourist, 2011, (Oxford: Goodfellow Publishers), p.14

3 Apple in 2009 started using the phrase, “There’s an app for that” in TV ads to show off the multitude of apps available for iOS devices through its popular App Store, which opened July 2008.

Brian X. Chen, “Apple Registers Trademark for ‘There’s an App for That,’” Wired, October 11, 2010. http://www.wired.com/2010/10/app-for-that/

4 “According to a joint report by UNICEF and the United Nations, of the 783 million people still without safe drinking water, the majority live in countries that are not among the world’s poorest.”

Joan Rose, PhD, “Clean Drinking Water: UN Goal Met Five Years Early” Water Quality and Health Council, April 5, 2012. http://www.waterandhealth.org/clean-drinking-water-goal-met-years-early/

5 “The tally found that 610,042 people were homeless on that night, reflecting a drop of nearly 4 percent from 2012 to 2013, the agency says.”

Bill Chappell, “Number Of Homeless Declines Again, But Gains Aren’t Universal,” NPR, November 21, 2013. http://www.npr.org/blogs/thetwo-way/2013/11/21/246589487/number-of-homeless-declines-again-but-gains-arent-universal

6 “When we hug or kiss a loved one, oxytocin levels drive up.” “What Is Oxytocin?,” Psychology Today, Last accessed August 2014. http://www.psychologytoday.com/basics/oxytocin

7 “This week in my App Smart column,” Kit Eaton, “App Smart Extra: Apps to Improve Your Singing,” New York Times, February 15, 2013. http://gadgetwise.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/02/15/app-smart-extra-apps-to-improve-your-singing/

8 Bob Tedeschi, “App Smart Extra: A Weather App That Works,” New York Times, May 20, 2011. http://gadgetwise.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/05/20/app-smart-extra-a-weather-app-that-works/

9 “If you have any money left to invest, a program from Bloomberg offers a wealth of basic stock market data and news on the iPhone for free.”

Roy Furchgott, ““App of the Week: Dial M for Meltdownn,” The New York Times, January 25, 2009. http://gadgetwise.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/01/25/If-You-Have-Any-Money-Left-To/

10 “Apps, apps, and more apps—tens of thousands of them at our fingertips, and some, like Facebook, YouTube, SitOrSquat—are truly life changing.”

Jennifer Jolly, “5 New apps That Will Change Your Life,” USA Today, May 3, 2014. http://www.usatoday.com/story/tech/columnist/2014/05/03/5-new-apps-that-will-change-your-life/8571485/

11 See my screenshots from a CNN.com search: https://www.dropbox.com/sh/ntfhibch27kvpep/PkhxvS6YSc

12 “Stuck in Snow? There’s an App for That!,”,” CNN, February 13, 2014. http://newday.blogs.cnn.com/2014/02/13/stuck-in-snow-theres-an-app-for-that/

13 Samuel Burke, “Moody? There’s an App for That!,”!,” CNN, December 19, 2013. http://edition.cnn.com/videos/tech/2013/12/19/cnn-pkg-burke-mood-app.cnn

14 Jason Miks, “Staying Safe in Danger Zones? There’s an App for That,” CNN, October 8, 2013. http://globalpublicsquare.blogs.cnn.com/2013/10/08/staying-safe-in-danger-zones-theres-an-app-for-that/

15 “Remote Sex: There’s an App for That,” CNN, April 25, 2013. http://edition.cnn.com/2013/04/26/tech/innovation/fundawear-orig-ideas/

16 Rafael Romo, “No TP? There’s an App for That,” CNN, June 17, 2013. http://edition.cnn.com/videos/tech/2013/06/17/pkg-romo-venezuela-shortage-app.cnn

17 Tory Dunnan, “Need to Pray? There’s an app for that,” CNN, May 3, 2013. http://edition.cnn.com/videos/bestoftv/2013/05/03/prayer-tech.cnn-universal-pictures

18 Mike Mount, “Sending Top Secret Information? There’s an App for That,” CNN, February 26, 2013. http://security.blogs.cnn.com/2013/02/26/sending-top-secret-information-theres-an-app-for-that/

19 “Need a Concierge? There’s an App for That,” CNN, October 3, 2012. http://edition.cnn.com/2012/10/01/travel/personal-concierge-app-guide/index.html

20 “On Health Kick? There’s an App for That,” CNN, September 27, 2012. http://www.cnn.com/video/data/2.0/video/health/2012/09/27/health-minute-weightloss-apps.cnn.html

21 Laura Koran, “Ordination on the Go? There’s an App for That!,” CNN, July 17, 2012. http://edition.cnn.com/2012/09/27/health/mental-health-apps/

22 “What’s #Trending: Want to Know How Attractive You Are? There’s an App for That!,” CNN, April 30, 2012. http://earlystart.blogs.cnn.com/2012/04/30/whats-trending-want-to-know-how-attractive-you-are-theres-an-app-for-that/

23 Eoghan Macguire, “Save the Whales? There’s an App for That,” CNN, April 23, 2012. http://edition.cnn.com/2012/04/22/world/whale-iphone-app/index.html

24 “Dead? There’s an App for That,” CNN, April 18, 2012. http://www.cnn.com/video/?/video/us/2012/04/18/dnt-in-qr-code-tombstones.wlfi&iref=allsearch&video_referrer=

25 Paromita Shah, “Opinion: Being Arrested? Yes, there’s an App for That,” CNN, March 17, 2012. http://inamerica.blogs.cnn.com/2012/03/17/opinion-undocumented-immigration-being-arrested-app-for-that/

26 Sanjay Gupta, MD, “Are You Sick? There’s an App for That!,” CNN, January 16, 2012. http://edition.cnn.com/videos/bestoftv/2012/01/16/exp-are-you-sick-theres-an-app-for-that.cnn

27 Karin Caifa, “New Year’s Eve: There’s an App for That,” CNN, December 30, 2011. http://www.cnn.com/video/data/2.0/video/bestoftv/2011/12/30/nr-new-years-apps.cnn.html

28 Shanon Cook, “Sting’s Career? There’s an App for That,” CNN, November 16, 2011. http://marquee.blogs.cnn.com/2011/11/16/stings-career-theres-an-app-for-that/

29 John Abell, “Stalking: There’s an App for That?,” CNN, October 28, 2011. http://edition.cnn.com/videos/politics/2011/10/28/am-abell-apps-stalking.cnn

30 Peter Taggart, “Want to Be a Priest? There’s an App for That,” CNN, October 17, 2011. http://religion.blogs.cnn.com/2011/10/17/want-to-be-a-priest-theres-an-app-for-that/

31 Karin Caifa, “Can’t Sleep? There’s an App for That,” CNN, September 16, 2011. http://edition.cnn.com/videos/tech/2011/09/16/caifa-sleep-and-relaxation-apps.cnn

32 Karin Caifa, “Wedding Plans? There’s an App for That,” CNN, June 12, 2011. http://www.cnn.com/video/data/2.0/video/living/2011/06/12/caifa.wedding.planning.apps.cnn.html

33 Eric Marrapodi, “Selling Bread for Passover? There’s an App for That,” CNN, April 19, 2011. http://religion.blogs.cnn.com/2011/04/19/selling-bread-for-passover-theres-an-app-for-that/

34 “Heart Attack? There’s an App for That,” CNN, January 4, 2011. http://www.cnn.com/video/data/2.0/video/health/2011/01/04/ok.iphone.heart.monitor.koco.html

35 “Need a College? There’s an App for That,” CNN, October 30, 2010. http://www.cnn.com/video/data/2.0/video/tech/2010/10/30/nr.find.a.college.app.cnn.html

36 “Giving Birth? There’s an App for That,” CNN, September 21, 2010. http://www.cnn.com/video/data/2.0/video/living/2010/09/21/dnt.ipad.baby.cnn.html

37 “Home Security—There’s an App for That?,” CNN, August 24, 2010. http://www.cnn.com/video/data/2.0/video/us/2010/08/24/dnt.iphone.app.thwarts.burglary.wfaa.html

38 T.J. Holmes, “Want to Save Cash? There’s an App for That,” CNN, July 31, 2010. http://www.cnn.com/video/data/2.0/video/tech/2010/07/31/nr.money.saving.apps.cnn.html

39 Mario Armstrong, “World Cup? There’s an App for That,” CNN, June 13, 2010. http://newsroom.blogs.cnn.com/2010/06/13/world-cup-theres-an-app-for-that/

40 Steven Stern, “Cooking D inner? There’s an App for That,” CNN, May 10, 2010. http://www.cnn.com/2010/LIVING/home-style/05/10/digital.recipes.cooking/

41 Ami Angelowicz, “Britney Spears, there’s an App for That,” CNN, November 25, 2009. http://www.cnn.com/2009/SHOWBIZ/11/25/celebrity.iphone.apps/

42 “Web Search interest: App, One Direction, Justin Bieber, God—Worldwide, Jan 2012—Jan 2014,” Google Trends, Last accessed August 2014. http://www.google.com/trends/explore?hl=en-US&q=app,+one+direction,+/m/02m-jmr,+justin+bieber&cmpt=q&content=1#q=app%2C%20one%20direction%2C%20justin%20bieber%2C%20God&date=1%2F2012%2025m&cmpt=q

43 “Karl Benz patented the three-wheeled motor car in 1886.” Lauren Cox, “Who Invented the Car?,” Live Science, June 18, 2013. http://www.livescience.com/37538-who-invented-the-car.html

44 “Cheek to Cheek,” Wikipedia, Last accessed August 2014. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheek_to_Cheek

45 Matt Carmichael, “Edward Tufte: The AdAgeStat Q&A,” Advertising Age, November 9, 2011. http://adage.com/article/adagestat/edward-tufte-adagestat-q-a/230884/

46 “2000 . . . Siemens’ Electronics wins a PACE Award for a deceptively simple device. Easily seen as just a replacement for the mechanical key, simply carrying Siemens’ Keyless-Go, a credit card-sized transponder, allows the driver to walk up to a locked vehicle, open the door, and press a button to get under way.”

“2009 Automotive News PACE Awards,” Automotive News, Last accessed August 2014. http://www.autonews.com/Assets/html/09_pace/past_winners.html#2000

Spencer E. Ante, “H-P CEO Meg Whitman: We Are Doubling Down on Hardware” Wall Street Journal - Digits, February 21, 2014. http://blogs.wsj.com/digits/2014/02/21/h-p-ceo-meg-whitman-we-are-doubling-down-on-hardware/

2 “‘We innovate by starting with the customer and working backwards,’ he says. ‘That becomes the touchstone for how we invent.’”

Adam Lashinsky, “Amazon’s Jeff Bezos: The Ultimate Disrupter,” Fortune, November 16, 2012. http://fortune.com/2012/11/16/amazons-jeff-bezos-the-ultimate-disrupter/

3 “Cook: It’s never been stronger. Innovation is so deeply embedded in Apple’s culture. The boldness, ambition, belief there aren’t limits, a desire to make the very best products in the world. It’s the strongest ever. It’s in the DNA of the company.”

“Live Recap: Apple CEO Tim Cook Speaks at Goldman Conference,” Wall Street Journal - Digits, February 12, 2013. http://blogs.wsj.com/digits/2013/02/12/live-apple-ceo-tim-cook-speaks-at-goldman-conference/

4 Jesse Solomon, “Google Worth More Than Exxon. Apple Next?” CNN, February 7, 2014. http://money.cnn.com/2014/02/07/investing/google-exxon-market-value/

5 2012 Lobbying (Millions $)

Google, 18.22

Exxon Mobil, 12.97

“Biggest Increases in Lobbying in U.S.,” Bloomberg, May 28, 2013. http://www.bloomberg.com/visual-data/best-and-worst/biggest-increases-in-lobbying-in-u-dot-s-companies

2014 April–June (Q2) Lobbying (Millions $)

Google, 5.03

Exxon Mobil, 2.80

Pfizer, 1.60

Lauren Hepler, “Google Drops $5M on Q2 2014 Lobbying: Self-Driving Cars, Health, Tax, Immigration,” Silicon Valley Business Journal, July 28, 2014. http://www.bizjournals.com/sanjose/news/2014/07/28/self-driving-cars-health-tech-immigration-google.html

6 Ashlee Vance, “This Tech Bubble Is Different,” Businessweek, April 14, 2011. http://www.businessweek.com/magazine/content/11_17/b4225060960537.htm

Meghan Kelly, “96 Percent of Google’s Revenue Is Advertising, Who Buys It?,” Venture Beat, January 29, 2012. http://venturebeat.com/2012/01/29/google-advertising/

2 $5,089 total revenue in 2012, $4,279 from advertising (figures in millions)”

Ken Yeung, “Facebook’s Long Road to ‘Mobile Best’: HTML5, Native Apps, and Now Home,” The Next Web, April 7, 2013. http://thenextweb.com/facebook/2013/04/07/facebooks-long-road-to-mobile-best-html5-native-apps-and-now-home/

3 “The company said that it earned 2 cents per share, excluding some items, for the fourth quarter on revenue of $243 million . . . Advertising revenue for the quarter totaled $220 million.”

Natalie Jarvey, “Twitter Reports Ad Revenue Upswing, But Anemic User Growth,” Hollywood Reporter, February 5, 2014. http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/twitter-reports-ad-revenue-upswing-677495

4 “Last year, Yahoo brought in $4.7 billion in revenue, down 6 percent from the previous year, as sales of both display and search ads, which together made up about four-fifths of Yahoo’s revenue, continued to fall.”

Vindu Goel, “Yahoo Wants You to Linger (on the Ads, Too),” New York Times, June 21, 2014. http://www.nytimes.com/2014/06/22/technology/yahoo-wants-you-to-linger-on-the-ads-too.html?_r=0

5 “Mr. Paternot was the Corey Feldman of the Internet, a leather-pants-wearing prodigy whom a CNN camera crew once captured dancing atop a nightclub table as he declared, ‘Got the girl. Got the money. Now I’m ready to live a disgusting, frivolous life.’”

Andres Pinter, “A Star Is Rebooted,” New York Observer, March 31, 2003. http://observer.com/2003/03/a-star-is-rebooted/

6 Dow Jones News Service, “Another Internet Firm, Theglobe.com, Makes a Spectacular Debut,” Chicago Tribune, November 13, 1998. http://articles.chicagotribune.com/1998-11-13/news/9811140043_1_theglobe-com-internet-firm-ipo

7 “Two Founders of theglobe.com to Resign as Co-Chief Executives (Jan. 28, 2000) . . . Last week, theglobe.com was taken off the Nasdaq National Market listings because its stock price was too low”

Ianthe Jeanne Dugan And Aaron Lucchetti, “After Becoming Stars of the Dot-Com Boom, Theglobe.com Founders Find Fame Fleeting,” Wall Street Journal, May 2, 2001. http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB988750097459636

8 Ethan Zuckerman, “The Internet’s Original Sin,” The Atlantic, August 14, 2014. http://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2014/08/advertising-is-the-internets-original-sin/376041/

9 Rolfe Winkler, “As Google Builds Out Own Content, Some Advertisers Feel Pushed Aside,” Wall Street Journal, August 18, 2014. http://online.wsj.com/articles/googles-richer-content-worries-some-advertisers-1408391392

10 Yoree Koh, “Twitter’s User Problem: Fastest Gains Are People That Don’t See Ads,” Wall Street Journal, Aug 1, 2014. http://online.wsj.com/articles/twitters-user-problem-fastest-gains-are-people-that-dont-see-ads-1406924973

11 “These themes from my sorting study went directly into the team’s decisions about which feeds to make available to people. A ‘Photos’ feed had been a no-brainer from the start, and the idea of a ‘Close Friends’ feed had been in the mix and got more traction based on the findings. But the creation of a ‘Following’ feed was spurred by people’s desire for stories related to their interests. The ‘All Friends’ feed was also born out of my research, which showed people were interested in serendipitous discovery of stories from their full friend lists.” Jane Justice Leibrock, “User Experience Lab: How We Designed a New News Feed Using Your Feedback,” Facebook Engineering, March 12, 2013. https://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=10151359587673920

12 Robinson Meyer, “Everything We Know About Facebook’s Secret Mood Manipulation Experiment,” The Atlantic, June 28, 2014. http://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2014/06/everything-we-know-about-facebooks-secret-mood-manipulation-experiment/373648/

13 “Facebook has announced a redesigned News Feed that separates streams of content into multiple categories and optimizes the user interface with a ‘mobile-inspired’ design. Describing the goal of News Feed as providing a ‘personalized newspaper,’ Mark Zuckerberg says it’s being changed to take advantage of more photo and other visual content sharing, as well as the difference between personal stories and posts from public figures.”

Adi Robertson, “Facebook Redesigns News Feed with Multiple Feeds and ‘Mobile-Inspired’ Interface,” The Verge, March 7, 2013. http://www.theverge.com/2013/3/7/4075548/facebook-redesigns-news-feed-with-multiple-feeds

14 “After an investigation into the problem by Facebook’s data team, they discovered that the new News Feed was performing too well. It was performing so well from a design standpoint that users no longer felt the need to browse areas outside of the News Feed as often, so they were spending less time on the site. Unfortunately, this change in user behavior led to fewer advertisement impressions, which led, ultimately, to less revenue.”

Dustin Curtis, “Whatever Goes Up, That’s What We Do,” Svbtle, March 27, 2014. http://dcurt.is/facebooks-predicament

15 Julie Zhuo, “Whatever’s Best for the People, That’s What We Do,” Medium, March 28, 2014. https://medium.com/@joulee/whatevers-best-for-the-people-thats-what-we-do-ed75a0ee7641

16 “In our view, the most important growth levers for Twitter are growth in market share, users, and time spent.”

Rick Summer, “TWTR : Twitter Inc Analyst Report | Analyst Report,” Morningstar, July 30, 2014. http://analysisreport.morningstar.com/stock/research?t=TWTR&region=usa&culture=en-US&productcode=MLE

17 Mark Gongloff, “Facebook Sucks Up a Ridiculously Huge and Growing Share of Our Time Wasted Online” Wall Street Journal, September 26, 2011. http://blogs.wsj.com/marketbeat/2011/09/26/facebook-sucks-up-a-ridiculously-huge-and-growing-share-of-our-time-wasted-online/

18 “Investors and analysts have fixated on Twitter’s monthly active users, believing that statistic gauges the service’s prospects for becoming a top advertising hub.”

Yoree Koh, “Twitter’s User Problem: Fastest Gains Are People That Don’t See Ads,” Wall Street Journal, Aug 1, 2014. http://online.wsj.com/articles/twitters-user-problem-fastest-gains-are-people-that-dont-see-ads-1406924973

19 Vlad Savov, “I Am Not Emotionally Prepared for Twitter to Suck,” The Verge, August 21, 2014. http://www.theverge.com/2014/8/21/6052699/i-am-not-emotionally-prepared-for-twitter-to-suck

20 Maciej Cegłowski, “The Internet with a Human Face - Beyond Tellerrand 2014 Conference Talk,” IdleWords, May 20, 2014. http://idlewords.com/bt14.htm

21 James Meikle, “Twitter is Harder to Resist Than Cigarettes and Alcohol, Study Finds,” The Guardian, February 3, 2012. http://www.theguardian.com/technology/2012/feb/03/twitter-resist-cigarettes-alcohol-study

22 Alexandra Sifferlin, “Why Facebook Makes You Feel Bad About Yourself,” Time, Jan. 24, 2013. http://healthland.time.com/2013/01/24/why-facebook-makes-you-feel-bad-about-yourself/

“He was also a professional magician.”

“Cliff’s brilliance was exceeded only by his generosity and warmth,” he said. “I will remember Cliff as a person who made any room a happier place.”

Kathleen J. Sullivan, “Professor Clifford I. Nass, Expert on Human/Computer Interactions, Dead at 55,” Stanford Report, November 4, 2013. http://news.stanford.edu/news/2013/november/cliff-nass-obit-110413.html

2 “Clifford Nass, a Stanford professor whose pioneering research into how humans interact with technology found that the increasingly screen-saturated, multitasking modern world was not nurturing the ability to concentrate, analyze or feel empathy, died on Nov. 2 near Lake Tahoe. He was 55.”

William Yardley, “Clifford Nass, Who Warned of a Data Deluge, Dies at 55,” New York Times, November 6, 2013. http://www.nytimes.com/2013/11/07/business/clifford-nass-researcher-on-multitasking-dies-at-55.html?_r=0

3 “. . . a person’s consumption of more than one item or stream of content at the same time”

Eyal Ophir, Clifford Nass, and Anthony D. Wagner, “Cognitive Control in Media Multitaskers,” National Academy of Sciences, July 20, 2009. http://www.pnas.org/content/106/37/15583.full

4 Ira Flatow, “The Myth of Multitasking,” NPR, May 10, 2013. http://www.npr.org/2013/05/10/182861382/the-myth-of-multitasking

5 “They couldn’t help thinking about the task they weren’t doing,” Ophir said. “The high multitaskers are always drawing from all the information in front of them. They can’t keep things separate in their minds.”

Adam Gorlick, “Media Multitaskers Pay Mental Price, Stanford Study Shows,” Stanford Report, August 24, 2009. http://news.stanford.edu/news/2009/august24/multitask-research-study-082409.html

6 Gigaom, “Clifford Nass: Multitasking is Bad for Your Brain,” YouTube, May 28, 2013. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BEbmUQpwR2E

7 Martha Mendoza, “Oh, the irony: Apple-Samsung Trial Judge Annoyed by Smartphones,” San Jose Mercury News, April 9, 2014. http://www.mercurynews.com/business/ci_25529665/oh-irony-apple-samsung-trial-judge-annoyed-by

8 Matt Richtel, “Texting Raises Crash Risk 23 Times, Study Finds,” New York Times, July 27, 2009. http://www.nytimes.com/2009/07/28/technology/28texting.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0

“Oprah Winfrey Fast Facts,” CNN, March 21, 2014. http://edition.cnn.com/2013/08/05/us/oprah-winfrey-fast-facts/

2 “. . . easily the most influential celebrity philanthropist in the United States . . .”

Ryan Haggerty, “Giving to Chicago and Beyond” Chicago Tribune, May 20, 2011. http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2011-05-20/entertainment/ct-ae-0522-oprah-causes-metro-20110520_1_philanthropy-harpo-janice-peck

3 “Oprah Winfrey, Doctor of Laws”

Katie Koch, “Harvard Awards 9 Honorary Degrees” Harvard Gazette, May 30, 2013. http://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2013/05/harvard-awards-9-honorary-degrees/

4 Seriously, you’re checking the reference on this one? Read it and weep:

Ann Oldenburg, “Oprah Winfrey Signs Off After 25 Years: ‘It Is Done,’” USA Today, May 21, 2011. http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/life/people/2011-05-20-Oprah-interview_n.htm

5 “Host of ‘The Oprah Winfrey Show,’ the highest rated talk show in history . . .”

“Oprah Winfrey Fast Facts,” CNN, March 21, 2014. http://www.cnn.com/2013/08/05/us/oprah-winfrey-fast-facts/

6 “O, The Oprah Magazine hit newsstands as a bi-monthly publication for May/June 2000 with unique features such as oversize glossy pages and large print.”

Elizabeth Fry, “A Brief History of O The Oprah Magazine” About.com., http://oprah.about.com/od/omagazine/p/OprahMagazine.htm

7 “Oprah Winfrey and Hearst Magazines have won their trademark fight against the publisher of an erotic magazine with nearly the same name.”

Jeff Bercovici, “Oprah Puts Lash to German Fetish Title,” Media Life, July 15, 2002. http://www.medialifemagazine.com:8080/news2002/jul02/jul15/1_mon/news3monday.html

8 “O, The Oprah Magazine 2,417,589”

Neal Lulofs, “The Top 25 U.S. Consumer Magazines for June 2013,” Alliance for Audited Media, August 6, 2013. http://www.auditedmedia.com/news/blog/2013/august/the-top-25-us-consumer-magazines-for-june-2013.aspx

9 “Coal generates 44% of our electricity, and is the single biggest air polluter in the U.S.,” Union of Concerned Scientists. http://www.ucsusa.org/clean_energy/coalvswind/c01.html

10 “Excessive nitrogen and phosphorus that washes into water bodies and is released into the air are often the direct result of human activities.”

“Sources and Solutions | Nutrient Pollution,” United States Environmental Protection Agency. http://www2.epa.gov/nutrientpollution/sources-and-solutions

11 Women who live in neighborhoods with large amounts of nighttime illumination are more likely to get breast cancer than those who live in areas where nocturnal darkness prevails, according to an unusual study that overlaid satellite images of Earth onto cancer registries.

The finding adds credence to the hypothesis that exposure to too much light at night can raise the risk of breast cancer by interfering with the brain’s production of a tumor-suppressing hormone.

“By no means are we saying that light at night is the only or the major risk factor for breast cancer,” said Itai Kloog, of the University of Haifa in Israel, who led the new work. “But we found a clear and strong correlation that should be taken into consideration.”

Rick Weiss, “Lights at Night Are Linked to Breast Cancer,” Washington Post, February 20, 2008. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/02/19/AR2008021902398.html

12 “. . . the most common malignant disease in Israel and the Western world . . . One out of every 8 women in Israel may develop breast cancer . . .”

“Breast Cancer,” Israel Cancer Association, Last accessed August 2014. http://en.cancer.org.il/template_e/default.aspx?PageId=7749

13 “The most common type of cancer on the list is breast cancer, with about 235,000 new cases expected in the United States in 2014. The next most common cancers are prostate cancer and lung cancer.”

“Common Cancer Types,” National Cancer Institute, Last updated March 31, 2014. http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/types/commoncancers

14 “Based on current incidence rates, 12.4 percent of women born in the United States today will develop breast cancer at some time during their lives”

“Breast Cancer Risk in American Women,” National Cancer Institute, Last reviewed September 24, 2012. http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/factsheet/detection/probability-breast-cancer

15 “Smoking, a main cause of small cell and non-small cell lung cancer, contributes to 80 percent and 90 percent of lung cancer deaths in women and men, respectively.”

“Lung Cancer Fact Sheet,” American Lung Association, Last accessed August 2014. http://www.lung.org/lung-disease/lung-cancer/resources/facts-figures/lung-cancer-fact-sheet.html

16 Margaret Eby, “Oprah Winfrey Admits She Smoked Marijuana in 1982: ‘I Hear It’s Gotten Better,’” NY Daily News, August 16, 2013. http://www.nydailynews.com/entertainment/gossip/oprah-admits-smoked-marijuana-1982-hear-better-article-1.1428915

17 “We’ve just learned that the streetlight shining in your bedroom window every night is not only annoying; it may be jacking up your risk of breast cancer. Israeli researchers used satellite photos to gauge the level of nighttime light in 147 communities, then overlaid the photos with a map detailing the whereabouts of breast cancer cases. They discovered that women living in the brightest neighborhoods—with enough light to read a book outside at midnight—were 73 percent more likely to suffer from breast cancer than those residing in areas where most late-night light is celestial.”

Catherine Guthrie, “Bright Light May Cause Cancer,” O, The Oprah Magazine, August 2008. http://www.oprah.com/omagazine/Bright-Light-May-Cause-Cancer-Health-Risks

18 Kloog I., Haim, A. Stevens R.G. and B.A. Portnov ca, The Global Co-Distribution of Light at Night (LAN) and Cancers of Prostate, Colon and Lung in Men, Chronobiology International, 2009, 26: pp. 108 – 125.

19 “Artificial Light At Night: Higher Risk Of Prostate Cancer, Study Suggests.” ScienceDaily, February 4, 2009, www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/02/090203135015.htm

20 “If light were a drug, the Government would not approve it,” said Professor Charles Czeisler of the Harvard Medical School.

Geoffrey Lean, “Burning the Midnight Oil Could Lead to Breast Cancer,” New Zealand Herald, June 21, 2006. http://www.nzherald.co.nz/technology/news/article.cfm?c_id=5&objectid=10387483

21 “‘Once we got fire, and then the electric light bulb was invented, things really started to change,’ said Stevens, who published a study last year with colleagues in Israel on the relationship between light at night and breast cancer.”

Rob Stein, “Maybe It’s Better To Stay in the Dark,” Washington Post, February 17, 2009. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/02/13/AR2009021302482_2.html

22 “In January in the journal PLoS One, the University of Basel team also compared the effects of incandescent bulbs to fluorescents modified to emit more blue light. Men exposed to the fluorescent lights produced 40 percent less melatonin than when they were exposed to incandescent bulbs, and they reported feeling more awake an hour after the lights went off.”

Laura Beil, “In Eyes, a Clock Calibrated by Wavelengths of Light,” New York Times, July 4, 2011. http://www.nytimes.com/2011/07/05/health/05light.html

23 “Sixteen healthy young men were studied in a balanced cross-over design with light exposure of 3 different light settings (compact fluorescent lamps with light of 40 lux at 6500K and at 2500K and incandescent lamps of 40 lux at 3000K) during 2 h in the evening.”

“. . . with light at 6500K from commercially available compact fluorescent lamps melatonin is suppressed by nearly 40% in comparison to traditional light lamps (3000K).”

Sarah Laxhmi Chellappa, Roland Steiner, et al., “Non-Visual Effects of Light on Melatonin, Alertness and Cognitive Performance: Can Blue-Enriched Light Keep Us Alert?,” PLOS ONE, January 26, 2011. http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0016429

24 Ibid., “Figure 3. Sleepiness and well-being during pre-light, 2-h light (grey bar) at 6500K, 2500K and 3000K, and post-light,” http://www.plosone.org/article/fetchObject.action?uri=info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0016429.g003&representation=PNG_L

25 “Illuminate D65 represents a phase of daylight with a correlated color temperature of approximately 6500k.” Marc Ebner, Color Constancy (Singapore: John Wiley & Sons), p.59.

Available on Google Books (sorry for their awful URL): http://books.google.com/books?id=WVKJST7zE8cC&lpg=PA59&ots=29-rn0Hirs&dq=d65%20%20International%20Commission%20on%20Illumination&pg=PA59#v=onepage&q=d65%20%20International%20Commission%20on%20Illumination&f=false

26 “For the purposes of video and computer imaging, that standard is a color temperature of 6500 kelvins or D65.”

Christian Eberle, “Grayscale: Why White Is the Color of Everything - Display Calibration 201: The Science Behind Tuning Your Monitor,” Tom’s Hardware, October 13, 2013. http://www.tomshardware.com/reviews/calibrate-your-monitor-theory,3615-4.html

27 “OUR MISSION To prevent business practices that are anticompetitive or deceptive or unfair to consumers; to enhance informed consumer choice and public understanding of the competitive process; and to accomplish this without unduly burdening legitimate business activity.”

“About the FTC,” Federal Trade Commission, Last accessed August 2014. http://www.ftc.gov/about-ftc

28 “The Lighting Facts label is modeled on the Nutrition Facts label on food packages.”

“The FTC ‘Lighting Facts’ Label: Questions and Answers for Manufacturers | BCP Business Center,” Bureau of Consumer Protection, May 2013. http://www.business.ftc.gov/documents/bus26-lighting-facts-questions-and-answers-manufacturers

29 “Laboratory studies have also found that human breast and prostate cancer cells grow more slowly when exposed to melatonin in petri dishes, and human breast and prostate tumors implanted in rats grow faster when the animals’ melatonin is suppressed by light exposure.”

Rob Stein, “Maybe It’s Better To Stay in the Dark,” Washington Post, February 17, 2009. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/02/13/AR2009021302482.html

30 “‘We can’t say yet, but the evidence is accumulating that light at night, and the consequent decrease in melatonin, may be a major driver of breast cancer,’ he said.”

Judy Foreman, “Melatonin, Sleep Aid That May Fight Cancer,” New York Times, October 6, 2005. http://www.nytimes.com/2005/10/05/health/05iht-snmel.html

31 “They discovered that when brightness settings were lowered and the devices were held just over a foot from a user’s face, it reduced the risk that the light would be bright enough to suppress melatonin secretion and disrupt sleep.”

“Are Smartphones Disrupting Your Sleep? Mayo Clinic Study Examines the Question,” Mayo Clinic News Network, Jun 3, 2013. http://newsnetwork.mayoclinic.org/discussion/are-smartphones-disrupting-your-sleep-mayo-clinic-study-examines-the-question-238cef/

Emma Green, “The Origins of Office Speak,” The Atlantic, April 24, 2014. http://www.theatlantic.com/features/archive/2014/04/business-speak/361135/

2 Office-type papers in thousands of tons:

1960, 1,520 tons

1970, 2,650 tons

1980, 4,000 tons

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Resource Conservation and Recovery, “Table 15. Products Generated in the Municipal Waste Stream, 1960 To 2012,” Municipal Solid Waste Generation, Recycling, and Disposal in the United States Tables and Figures for 2012, February 2014. http://www.epa.gov/epawaste/nonhaz/municipal/pubs/2012_msw_dat_tbls.pdf

3 Anna Quindlen, “About New York,” New York Times, May 5, 1982. http://www.nytimes.com/1982/05/05/nyregion/about-new-york.html

4 “Paperback Best Sellers; Mass Market,” New York Times, January 25, 1981. http://www.nytimes.com/1981/01/25/books/paperback-best-sellers-mass-market.html

5 “The Office of the Future,” Businessweek, June 30, 1975. http://www.businessweek.com/stories/1975-06-30/the-office-of-the-futurebusinessweek-business-news-stock-market-and-financial-advice

6 “Founded in 2003 and headquartered in Luxembourg, Skype is a division of Microsoft Corp.”

“About Skype - What is Skype,” Microsoft, Last accessed August 2014. http://www.skype.com/en/about/

7 “Business Brief,” The Economist, December 27, 1980: p.3.

8 “This is CRYPTOLOG—a new vehicle for the interchange of ideas on technical subjects in Operations.”

Herbert E. Wolff, “A letter of introduction,” Cryptolog, August 1974. https://www.nsa.gov/public_info/_files/cryptologs/cryptolog_01.pdf

9 “. . . everyone knows that traffic analysts are clear-eyed, clean-limbed people who draw meticulously neat—if arcane—squares and circles on paper, and that cryppies are two-headed people who tend to twitch. The machine people are those pale ones who inhabit, like troglodytes, the bowels of the basement. Collectors are—uh—aren’t they the can-clangers who come around three times a week with a truck?”

(Classified), “What Is a Collector?,” Cryptolog, August 1974. https://www.nsa.gov/public_info/_files/cryptologs/cryptolog_01.pdf

10 “‘You can never go wrong by betting that change will go slower than everyone expects,’ says a sage Saffo. ‘We’re still lurching into the paperless office future. That’s a little bit of a surprise to me, but I didn’t expect paper to disappear completely.’”

Matt Bradley, “What Ever Happened to the Paperless Office?,” Christian Science Monitor, December 12, 2005. http://www.csmonitor.com/2005/1212/p13s01-wmgn.html

11 “America’s white-collar workers have been generating less paper since 2001, and that trend is likely to continue, according to InfoTrends, a consultancy.”

“Paper Usage: A Greener Office,” The Economist, Oct 10, 2008. http://www.economist.com/node/12405651

12 Department of Agriculture, “Paper and Paper-Based Packaging Promotion, Research and Information Order,” Federal Register: The Daily Journal of the United States Government, September 16, 2013. https://www.federalregister.gov/articles/2013/09/16/2013-22330/paper-and-paper-based-packaging-promotion-research-and-information-order

13 “Most American children spend about 3 hours a day watching TV. Added together, all types of screen time can total 5 to 7 hours a day.”

“Zero to Eight: Children’s Media Use in America 2013,” Common Sense Media, October 28, 2013. https://www.commonsensemedia.org/research/zero-to-eight-childrens-media-use-in-america-2013

14 “According to the Kaiser Family Foundation, kids ages 8–18 now spend, on average, a whopping 7.5 hours in front of a screen for entertainment each day, 4.5 of which are spent watching TV.”

CDC Division of Community Health, “Screen Time vs. Lean Time,” makinghealtheasier.org, Last accessed August 2014. http://makinghealtheasier.org/getmoving

15 “In fact, adults are exposed to screens—TVs, cellphones, even GPS. devices—for about 8.5 hours on any given day, according to a study released by the Council for Research Excellence on Thursday.”

Brian Stelter, “8 Hours a Day Spent on Screens, Study Finds,” New York Times, March 26, 2009. http://www.nytimes.com/2009/03/27/business/media/27adco.html?_r=1&

16 Aric Sigman, “Well Connected? The Biological Implications of ‘Social Networking’,” Biologist, February 2009. http://www.aricsigman.com/IMAGES/Sigman_lo.pdf

The BMJ, “Phantom Vibrations,” YouTube, Dec 17, 2010. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WlEfdsx0teM

2 “In all, 115/169 (68%, 95% confidence interval 61% to 75%) reported having experienced phantom vibrations.”

Michael B. Rothberg, Ashish Arora, Jodie Hermann, Reva Kleppel, Peter St Marie, Paul Visintainer, et al., “Phantom Vibration Syndrome Among Medical Staff: A Cross Sectional Survey,” BMJ, November 24, 2010. http://www.bmj.com/content/341/bmj.c6914

3 “Most (89%) of the 290 undergraduates in our sample had experienced phantom vibrations, and they experienced them about once every two weeks, on average.”

Michelle Drouin, Daren H. Kaiser, Daniel A. Miller, “Phantom Vibrations Among Undergraduates: Prevalence and Associated Psychological Characteristics,” Science Direct, April 14, 2012. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0747563212000799

4 “Nearly 90 percent of college undergrads in a 2012 study said they felt phantom vibrations.”

Elise Hu, “Phantom Phone Vibrations: So Common They’ve Changed Our Brains?: All Tech Considered,” NPR, September 27, 2013. http://www.npr.org/blogs/alltechconsidered/2013/09/30/226820044/phantom-phone-vibrations-so-common-they-ve-changed-our-brains

5 This audio illusion—called phantom phone rings or, more whimsically, ringxiety or fauxcellarm—has emerged recently as an Internet discussion topic and has become a new reason for people to either bemoan the techno-saturation of modern life or question their sanity.

Brenda Goodman, “I Hear Ringing and There’s No One There. I Wonder Why,” New York Times, May 4, 2006. http://www.nytimes.com/2006/05/04/fashion/thursdaystyles/04phan.html

6 “‘The Tell-Tale Heart’ is a famous short story by American author Edgar Allan Poe. It was first published in January 1843 in the short-lived Pioneer magazine.”

“The Tell-Tale Heart,” Shmoop, Last accessed September 2014. http://www.shmoop.com/tell-tale-heart/

7 Edgar Allan Poe, “The Works of Edgar Allan Poe—Volume 2,” Project Gutenberg, May 19, 2008. http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2148/2148-h/2148-h.htm

8 “. . . a collection he began in the house of Piero di Braccio Martelli in Florence, in 1508.”

“Digitised Manuscripts,” British Library, Last accessed September 2014. http://www.bl.uk/manuscripts/FullDisplay.aspx?ref=Arundel_MS_263

9 “Leonardo da Vinci’s notebooks are the living record of a universal mind. They encompass all the interests and experiments of this self-taught polymath, from mathematics to flying machines.”

Jonathan Jones, “Leonardo da Vinci’s Notebooks Are Beautiful Works of Art in Themselves,” The Guardian, February 12, 2013. http://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/jonathanjonesblog/2013/feb/12/leonardo-da-vinci-notebooks-art

10 Martin Gayford, Karen Wright, The Grove Book of Art Writing (New York: Grove Press), p.447.

Available on Google Books (sorry for their awful URL):

http://books.google.com/books?id=vI02nclOLiYC&lpg=PA447&pg=PA447#v=onepage&f=false

11 “Pareidolia, as this experience is known, is by no means a recent phenomenon. Leonardo da Vinci described seeing characters in natural markings on stone walls, which he believed could help inspire his artworks.”

David Robson, “Neuroscience: Why Do We See Faces in Everyday Objects?,” BBC, July 30, 2014. http://www.bbc.com/future/story/20140730-why-do-we-see-faces-in-objects

12 “Apophenia is an error of perception: The tendency to interpret random patterns as meaningful . . . Pareidolia is visual apophenia . . . For our hominid ancestors, pattern recognition was essential for recognizing both food and predators.”

John W. Hoopes, “11-11-11, Apophenia, and the Meaning of Life,” Psychology Today, November 11, 2011. http://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/reality-check/201111/11-11-11-apophenia-and-the-meaning-life

13 “The murder is carefully calculated, and the murderer hides the body by cutting it into pieces and hiding it under the floorboards. Ultimately the narrator’s guilt manifests itself in the hallucination that the man’s heart is still beating under the floorboards.”

“The Tell-Tale Heart—Overview,” Barnes & Noble, Last accessed September 2014. http://www.barnesandnoble.com/w/the-tell-tale-heart-edgar-allen-poe-edgar-allan-poe/1110565661?ean=2940014490115

14 “300–500 a day on average.”

Xu Beixi, “Top Writers on Quora: How Many Notifications Do Top Writers on Quora Receive Every Day?” Quora, February 12, 2014. http://www.quora.com/Top-Writers-on-Quora/How-many-notifications-do-Top-Writers-on-Quora-receive-every-day

15 “Users swipe their screens to unlock their phones an average of 110 times a day, according to data from the app company Locket.”

Elise Hu, “New Numbers Back Up Our Obsession with Phones : All Tech Considered,” NPR, October 10, 2013. http://www.npr.org/blogs/alltechconsidered/2013/10/09/230867952/new-numbers-back-up-our-obsession-with-phones

16 “Kleiner Perkins Caufield Byers - Companies,” KPCB, Last accessed September 2014. http://www.kpcb.com/companies

17 “In fact, people check their phones 150 times a day, according to Kleiner Perkins Caufield & Byers’s annual Internet Trends report.”

Joanna Stern, “Cellphone Users Check Phones 150x/Day and Other Internet Fun Facts,” ABC News, May 29, 2013. http://abcnews.go.com/blogs/technology/2013/05/cellphone-users-check-phones-150xday-and-other-internet-fun-facts/

18 “To better understand attitudes about mass mobility, Time, in cooperation with Qualcomm, launched the Time Mobility Poll, a survey of close to 5,000 people of all age groups and income levels in eight countries: the U.S., the U.K., China, India, South Korea, South Africa, Indonesia, and Brazil”

Nancy Gibbs, “Your Life Is Fully Mobile,” Time, Aug. 16, 2012. http://techland.time.com/2012/08/16/your-life-is-fully-mobile/

19 “Meanwhile, some young people say a cracked screen gives you a sort of street cred, like you’ve been through some real-life stuff, even if it happened on the mean streets of Bethesda.”

“They whip out their phones and dial up Web sites selling the latest ‘cracked screen wallpaper’ and “pre-cracked screen savers.” . . . ‘I mean, they’re going to crack it at some point, so why not just get it out of the way?’ one slogan reads.”

Emily Wax, “Beat-Up Cellphones with Cracked Screens Are Point of Pride for Some Young People,” Washington Post, May 17, 2013. http://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/style/beat-up-cellphones-with-cracked-screens-are-point-of-pride-for-some-young-people/2013/05/17/0334ebe0-be36-11e2-89c9-3be8095fe767_story.html

20 “Sweaty workouts killing iPhones? One NBC television affiliate in Houston is reporting on consumer complaints that sweat from working out while wearing or handling an iPhone is killing the devices.”

David Martin, “Sweaty Workouts Killing iPhones?,” CNET, April 8, 2009. http://www.cnet.com/news/sweaty-workouts-killing-iphones/

21 “iPhone and iPod: Liquid Damage Is Not Covered By Warranty,” Apple, Last accessed September 2014. http://support.apple.com/kb/ht3302

22 Rich Trenholm, “Quarter of iPhones Have a Broken Screen, says new poll,” CNET, February 7, 2013. http://www.cnet.com/news/quarter-of-iphones-have-a-broken-screen-says-new-poll/

23 Victor H., “Americans Replace Their Cell Phones Every Two Years, Finns—Every Six, a Study Claims,” Phone Arena, July 11, 2011. http://www.phonearena.com/news/Americans-replace-their-cell-phones-every-2-years-Finns-every-six-a-study-claims_id20255

24 Brad Molen, “iPhone 6 and 6 Plus Review: Bigger and Better, but With Stiffer Competition,” Engadget, September 16, 2014. http://www.engadget.com/2014/09/16/iphone-6-and-6-plus-review/

25 “Protective phone cases have become practically a necessity since the introduction of smartphones. After all, why pay hundreds of dollars for a phone and not spend a little bit more to protect it?”

Gregory Schmidt, “Cellphone Cases to Prepare You for Anything, Even a Flat Tire,” New York Times, April 23, 2014. http://www.nytimes.com/2014/04/24/technology/personaltech/cellphone-cases-to-prepare-you-for-anything-even-a-flat-tire.html

26 “The NPD Group, which gathers analytics on retail behavior, surveyed more than 3,200 smartphone owners over age 13.”

Marshall Honorof, “One-Quarter of Smartphone Owners Spurn Cases,” Tom’s Guide, December 26, 2013. http://www.tomsguide.com/us/smartphone-owners-spurn-cases,news-18024.html

27 “I Hate ‘Battery Low!’” Facebook, Last accessed September 2014. https://www.facebook.com/pages/I-hate-battery-low/147670411993839

28 Hilary Lewis, “Here’s a Hard-Charging App,” New York Post, October 21, 2012. http://nypost.com/2012/10/21/heres-a-hard-charging-app/

29 Caitlin McGarry, “iPhone 6 Pocket Problems: Some Buyers Report That Sitting Down Bends Phones,” Macworld, September 23, 2014. http://www.macworld.com/article/2687107/iphone-6-pocket-problems-some-buyers-report-that-sitting-down-bends-phones.html

30 “Over 200+ grown-up campers will go off-the-grid and take over Camp Navarro (a historic and nostalgic scouts camp) in the redwoods to celebrate what it means to be alive. Trade in your computer, cell phone, Instagrams, clocks, hashtags, business cards, schedules, and work-jargon for an off-the-grid weekend of pure unadulterated fun. Together we create a community where money is worth little . . . and individuality, self expression, friendship, freedom, and memories are valued most.”

“Camp Grounded: Summer Camp for Adults” Digital Detox & Camp Grounded Blog, Last accessed September 2014. http://blog.thedigitaldetox.org/camp-grounded/

31 “The app’s precision and power consumption need work, but I’m convinced its simplicity represents the future of self-tracking.”

Rachel Metz, “Every Step You Take, Tracked Automatically,” MIT Technology Review, February 12, 2013. http://www.technologyreview.com/news/510491/every-step-you-take-tracked-automatically/

32 Sumathi Reddy, “Why We Keep Losing Our Keys,” Wall Street Journal, April 14, 2014. http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10001424052702304117904579501410168111866

33 Esure, “We’re a Bunch of ‘Losers,’” esure.com, March 21, 2012. http://www.esure.com/media_centre/archive/wcmcap_100800.html

34 “Y Combinator-backed Lockitron aims to replace physical keys entirely by letting you control your door lock with your phone . . .”

Alexia Tsotsis, “Lockitron Lets You Unlock Your Door with Your Phone,” TechCrunch, May 13, 2011. http://techcrunch.com/2011/05/13/lockitron-lets-you-unlock-your-door-with-your-phone/

35 “It works like this. You replace either part or all of your door lock with Lockitron’s parts (depending on the kind of lock you have). Then, when you get home you fire up the app on your phone and hit the ‘unlock’ button.”

Charlie Sorrel, “Lockitron: Unlock Your Home with Your Cellphone,” Wired, May 8, 2011. http://www.wired.com/2011/05/lockitron-unlock-your-home-with-your-cellphone/

36 Natasha Lomas, “Lockitron Still Hasn’t Shipped to Most Backers Over a Year After Its $2.2M Crowdfunding Effort,” TechCrunch, Jan 16, 2014. http://techcrunch.com/2014/01/16/lockitrons-long-march/

37 “Self checkouts in North America will increase by up to 10% in the next few years, says research and advisory firm IHL Group. The biggest growth is expected at convenience, hardware, and drug stores. Self-checkout lanes can reduce labor costs and improve customer service, especially for quick shopping trips. But they can backfire if shoppers have problems scanning their items, says Kurt Jetta of consumer analytics company TABS.”

Jayne O’Donnell and Sarah Meehan, “More Stores Moving to Self Checkouts Despite Higher Rates of Theft,” USA Today, April 9, 2012. http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/money/industries/retail/story/2012-04-06/self-scanning-checkout/54117384/1

38 “The thefts allegedly occurred at self-checkout lanes as the thieves scanned cheap items and bagged the more expensive ones, despite the presence of attendants.”

“While some grocery chains like Big Y and Kroger have done away with self-checkout lanes, other retailers have welcomed them in . . .”

Enjoli Francis, “Self-Checkout Gets Extra Set of Eyes with Video Software,” ABC News, Apr 10, 2012. http://abcnews.go.com/blogs/technology/2012/04/self-checkout-gets-extra-set-of-eyes-with-video-software/

39 Chris Matyszczyk, “Major Grocery Chain Gets Rid of Self-Checkout,” CNET, July 9, 2011. http://www.cnet.com/news/major-grocery-chain-gets-rid-of-self-checkout/

40 “Unexpected item in the bagging area? Totally expected feeling of rage pumping through your body? You’re not alone. New research suggests 48% of Britons think self-service checkouts are a nightmare, neither quick nor convenient. Quite the opposite in fact, and their complaints are all too familiar.”

41 “Tesco, the UK’s biggest supermarket, also leads the do-it-yourself checkout league, with self-service counters in 256 stores. The tills process 25% of all transactions in those shops. Sainsbury’s has them in 220 stores and is planning more.”

42 Denise Winterman, “The Problem with Self-Service Checkouts,” BBC News Magazine, December 9, 2009. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/8399963.stm

43 Claire Carter, “Shoppers Steal Billions Through Self Service Tills,” Telegraph, January 29, 2014. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/personalfinance/household-bills/10603984/Shoppers-steal-billions-through-self-service-tills.html

44 Jessica Wohl, “McDonald’s slump offers no easy fix,” Chicago Tribune, September 18, 2014. http://www.chicagotribune.com/business/ct-mcdonalds-fix-0918-biz-20140917-story.html

45 Leslie Patton, “McDonald’s expanding build-your-burger test in search of growth,” Chicago Tribune, September 18, 2014. http://www.chicagotribune.com/business/breaking/sns-wp-blm-news-bc-mcdonalds20-20140920-story.html

46 Techonomy Media, “Jack Dorsey Explains Square’s Pay-by-Voice Technology,” YouTube, Jul 20, 2012. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2zoeiNBdPdo

47 “MasterCard International, which first tested the PayPass in 2003”

Sewell Chan, “A Test at 25 Stations: Subway Riding Without the Swiping,” The New York Times, January 31, 2006. http://www.nytimes.com/2006/01/31/nyregion/31fare.html

48 Marc Perton, “Chase to Issue RFID Credit Cards,” Engadget, May 20, 2005. http://www.engadget.com/2005/05/20/chase-to-issue-rfid-credit-cards/

49 Marc Perton, “Amex to Include RFID in All New Blue Cards,” Engadget, June 7, 2005. http://www.engadget.com/2005/06/07/amex-to-include-rfid-in-all-new-blue-cards/

50 Sarah Perez, “Visa to Launch Contactless Mobile Payments for iPhone,” ReadWrite, May 6, 2010. http://readwrite.com/2010/05/06/visa_to_launch_contactless_mobile_payments_for_iphone

51 “Launching Google Wallet on Sprint and Working with Visa, American Express, and Discover,” Official Google Blog, September 19, 2011. http://googleblog.blogspot.com/2011/09/launching-google-wallet-on-sprint-and.html

52 “Albertsons LLC, which operates 217 stores in seven Western and Southern states, will eliminate all self-checkout lanes in the 100 stores that have them and will replace them with standard or express lanes, a spokeswoman said. ‘We just want the opportunity to talk to customers more,’ Albertsons spokeswoman Christine Wilcox said. ‘That’s the driving motivation.’”

Anika Anand, “Major Grocer Getting Rid of Self-Checkout Lanes,” NBC News, July 10, 2011. http://www.nbcnews.com/id/43687085/ns/business-retail/t/major-grocer-getting-rid-self-checkout-lanes/#.VCZfumSwItv

53 Marcus Wohlsen, “Square Wallet Had Everything Going for It. And Now It’s Dead,” Wired, May 12, 2014. http://www.wired.com/2014/05/square-wallet-folds/

54 “This is only the latest sign that the partnership between the mobile payments company and the coffee titan has run its course. As we previously reported, the deal is costing Square millions (at least $20 million in 2013 alone), and Starbucks is content with how well its doing on its own.”

Tricia Duryee, “Square Bails on Wallet App in Latest Fallout from Troubled Starbucks Partnership,” GeekWire, May 12, 2014. http://www.geekwire.com/2014/square-bails-wallet-app-starbucks-fails-promote/

55 “The promise of Square’s partnership with Starbucks is that it will yield a seamless payment experience for customers. But that’s not the case. Rather, what we found—even at locations where Square worked—is that Starbucks employees have received little if any training with Square, and more often than not only learned of the partnership and digital payment method from customers themselves.”

Austin Carr, “Starbucks’s Shoddy Square Rollout Baffles Baristas, Confuses Customers,” Fast Company, March 20, 2013. http://www.fastcompany.com/3005410/industries-watch/starbuckss-shoddy-square-rollout-baffles-baristas-confuses-customers

2 Alan Cooper, The Inmates Are Running the Asylum: Why High Tech Products Drive Us Crazy and How to Restore the Sanity (Indianapolis, IN: Sams Publishing), p.123.

3 William D. Smith, “Show Pledges Electronics for Every Taste,” New York Times, June 27, 1967. http://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1967/06/27/83127329.html

4 Laura June, “Incredible Photos from the CES Vault: 1967 to 2013,” The Verge, January 4, 2013. http://www.theverge.com/2013/1/4/3828848/ces-photo-history

5 “Viper SmartStart from Directed Electronics Awarded Best of Innovations Honors at 2010 Consumer Electronics Show,” Directed, November 10, 2009. http://www.directed.com/Company/Press/2009/20091110.aspx

6 James R. Healey, “Hands-Free Tailgate Coming on Next Ford Escape,” USA Today, October 31, 2011. http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/money/autos/story/2011-10-31/ford-tailgate-gestures/51020918/1

7 Dale Buss, “Ford Debuts Escape Advertising with Liftgate Sleight of Foot,” Forbes, July 2, 2012. http://www.forbes.com/sites/dalebuss/2012/07/02/ford-debuts-escape-advertising-with-liftgate-sleight-of-foot/

8 Steve Tengler, “Tesla’s Groundbreaking UX: An interview with User Interface Manager Brennan Boblett,” UX Magazine, November 4, 2013. http://uxmag.com/articles/tesla%E2%80%99s-groundbreaking-ux-an-interview-with-user-interface-manager-brennan-boblett

9 “Children and Cars: A Potentially Lethal Combination DOT HS 810 636,” NHTSA, Last accessed September 2014. http://www.nhtsa.gov/people/injury/enforce/childrenandcars/pages/unattend-hotcars.htm

10 “CARWINGS | Nissan Innovation Labs,” Nissan USA, Last accessed September 2014. http://www.nissanusa.com/innovations/carwings.article.html

11 Derek Thompson, “Why Do All Movie Tickets Cost the Same?,” The Atlantic, January 3, 2012. http://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2012/01/why-do-all-movie-tickets-cost-the-same/250762/

12 Doug Gross, “The 10 Most Annoying Smartphone Habits,” CNN, October 22, 2010. http://www.cnn.com/2010/TECH/mobile/10/22/annoying.smartphone.habits/

13 Jakob Nielsen, “100 Million Websites,” Nielsen Norman Group, November 6, 2006. http://www.nngroup.com/articles/100-million-websites/

14 “In the August 2014 survey we received responses from 992,177,228 sites . . .”

Netcraft, “August 2014 Web Server Survey,” Netcraft, August 27, 2014. http://news.netcraft.com/archives/2014/08/27/august-2014-web-server-survey.html

15 Peter Passell, “Economic Scene; End of the Game for Motor City?,” New York Times, October 23, 1991. http://www.nytimes.com/1991/10/23/business/economic-scene-end-of-the-game-for-motor-city.html

16 Doron P. Levin, “Mazda Reportedly Planning to Make Luxury Car in U.S.,” New York Times, August 17, 1991. http://www.nytimes.com/1991/08/17/business/mazda-reportedly-planning-to-make-luxury-car-in-us.html

17 Jim Mateja, “Hottest Offering From Mazda: Solar-powered Cooling,” Chicago Tribune, September 24, 1991. http://articles.chicagotribune.com/1991-09-24/business/9103120605_1_solar-power-premium-motor-car-solar-ventilation

18 “The Solar Powered Ventilation System uses an electric fan to draw outside air into, through, and out of the cabin once the inside temperature reaches 86 degrees Fahrenheit. It will lower the cabin temperature to near the outside ambient temperature to help make the cabin more comfortable when reentering the vehicle. It must be turned on prior to leaving the vehicle and cannot perform cooling such as with an air conditioner.” (See disclosures)

“Hybrid Cars | Toyota Prius 2015,” Toyota, Last accessed September 2014. http://www.toyota.com/prius/#!/Welcome

19 “But the company got caught off-guard in another way, too: The solar moonroof option has been far more popular than Toyota expected, and buyers have ordered it at rates much higher than the company had imagined.”

John Voelcker, “2010 Toyota Prius: Solar Sunroof Smash Success, Hard To Get,” Green Car Reports, August 12, 2009. http://www.greencarreports.com/news/1034110_2010-toyota-prius-solar-sunroof-smash-success-hard-to-get

2 Robinson Meyer, “Stanford’s Top Major Is Now Computer Science,” The Atlantic, Jun 29, 2012. http://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2012/06/stanfords-top-major-is-now-computer-science/259199/

3 Jonathan Swartz, “Stanford’s Newest Majors Marry Computer Science and the Humanities,” USA Today, March 14, 2014. http://college.usatoday.com/2014/03/14/stanfords-newest-majors-marry-computer-science-and-the-humanities/

4 “From the age of 12, the chess genius from Azerbaijan Garry Kasparov was setting new standards. After becoming the youngest player to win the USSR Junior Championship he went on to win the World Junior Championship at age 16. His style was aggressive and dynamic. On his seventeenth birthday he achieved the grandmaster title.”

“Kasparov World Championship Match (1984),” Chess Games, Last accessed October 2014. http://www.chessgames.com/perl/chess.pl?page=2&tid=55015&eresult=

5 “In 1984 aged 21, Garry Kasparov was the youngest player in chess history to compete in a World Championship final match.”

“Garry Kasparov,” Harry Walker Agency, Last accessed October 2014, http://sbm.sa/sites/default/files/dc/Kasparov_Garry.pdf

6 “Sounding almost as exhausted as Karpov, who lost 8kg during the match . . .”

Matthew Weaver, “Karpov v Kasparov: The Guardian’s Coverage of an Epic World Chess Championship Match,” The Guardian, September 22, 2009. http://www.theguardian.com/news/blog/2009/sep/21/kasparov-karpov-chess-rematch

7 “The World Chess Championship 1984 was a match between challenger Garry Kasparov and defending champion Anatoly Karpov for the World Chess Championship title. After 5 months and 48 games, the match was abandoned in controversial circumstances with Karpov leading five wins to three (with 40 draws), and replayed in the World Chess Championship 1985.”

“Announcing his decision at a press conference, Campomanes cited the health of the players, which had been strained by the length of the match (5 months: September 10, 1984 to February 8, 1985).

. . . The match became the first, and so far only, world championship match to be abandoned without result. The restarted match (the World Chess Championship 1985) was best of 24, with the champion (Karpov) to retain his title if the match was tied 12–12. Because Karpov’s two-point lead from the 1984 match was wiped out, Karpov was granted the right of a return match (the World Chess Championship 1986) if he lost.”

“World Chess Championship 1984,” Wikipedia, Last accessed October 2014. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Chess_Championship_1984

8 15:37 (Talk show interview)

21:00 “How do you make a computer blink?”

1:04:08 (Head in hands)

(Viewable online at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EtMdMmrfipY)

Game Over: Kasparov and the Machine. Directed by Vikram Jayanti. Ontario: Alliance Atlantis Communications, 2003.

9 “The 1997 match took place not on a standard stage, but rather in a small television studio. The audience watched the match on television screens in a basement theater in the building, several floors below where the match was actually held. The theater seated about 500 people, and was sold out for each of the six games.”

“Icons of Progress: Deep Blue,” IBM100, Last accessed October 2014. http://www-03.ibm.com/ibm/history/ibm100/us/en/icons/deepblue/

10 “On May 11, 1997, Deep Blue came out on top with a surprising sixth game win—and the $700,000 match prize.”

“Kasparov loses chess game to computer—This Day in History,” History.com, Last accessed October 2014. http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/kasparov-loses-chess-game-to-computer

11 Murray Campbell, PhD, IBM TJ Watson Research Center, email message to book fact-checker, November 16, 2014.

12 Klint Finley, “Did a Computer Bug Help Deep Blue Beat Kasparov?” Wired, September 28, 2012. http://www.wired.com/2012/09/deep-blue-computer-bug/

13 Murray Campbell, PhD, IBM TJ Watson Research Center, email message to book fact-checker, November 16, 2014.

Larry Evans, “Chess,” Sun Sentinel, November 2, 2003. http://articles.sun-sentinel.com/keyword/deep-blue

14 “Ultimately, Deep Blue was retired to the Smithsonian Museum in Washington, DC”

“Icons of Progress: Deep Blue,” IBM100, Last accessed October 2014. http://www-03.ibm.com/ibm/history/ibm100/us/en/icons/deepblue/

15 Deep Blue, 11.38 GFLOPS

Intel Core i7, 107.55 GFLOPS

“Parallel Processing—Have Today’s Desktop PCs Surpassed IBM’s Deep Blue of 1997?,” SuperUser, Last accessed October 2014. http://superuser.com/questions/250070/have-todays-desktop-pcs-surpassed-ibms-deep-blue-of-1997

16 “Error Message: Your Password Must Be at Least 18770 Characters and Cannot Repeat Any of Your Previous 30689 Passwords,” Microsoft Support, Last accessed December 2014. http://support.microsoft.com/kb/276304

2 “The Active Badge. This harbinger of inch-scale computers contains a small microprocessor and an infrared transmitter. The badge broadcasts the identity of its wearer and so can trigger automatic doors, automatic telephone forwarding, and computer displays customized to each person reading them.”

Marc Weiser, “The Computer for the 21st Century,” Scientific American, September 1991, http://web.media.mit.edu/~anjchang/ti01/weiser-sciam91-ubicomp.pdf

3 Roy Want, Andy Hopper, Veronica Falcão, and Jonathan Gibbons, “The Active Badge Location System,” ACM Transactions on Information Systems (TOIS), January 1992, http://alumni.media.mit.edu/~dmerrill/badge/Want92_ActiveBadge.pdf

4 Tennessee, West Virginia, Alabama, Florida, Wyoming, Kentucky, Virginia, Georgia, South Dakota, Texas, Arkansas, Missouri, Vermont

Connecticut, Arizona, California, Indiana, Utah, Florida, Hawaii, New York, Colorado, New Mexico, Missouri, Washington

“2013 Caving Accident and Incident Reports,” National Speleological Society, Last accessed October 2014. https://caves.org/pub/aca/13index.html

5 Stephen Regenold, “‘Best in Show’ Awards: Latest, Greatest Gear for 2012!,” Gear Junkie, January 23, 2012. http://gearjunkie.com/outdoor-retailer-best-in-show-winter-2012

6 “Seau was the fifth overall pick in the 1990 NFL draft—a freakish combination of height (6′3″), weight (248 lbs.), and speed (4.61).”

Ty Schalter, “Junior Seau’s All-Around Dominance Will Never Be Seen from an NFL LB Again,” Bleacher Report, May 3, 2012. http://bleacherreport.com/articles/1170420-junior-seaus-all-around-dominance-will-never-be-seen-from-an-nfl-lb-again

7 ABC 10, “The Life and Death of Junior Seau,” YouTube, May 3, 2012. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gTu8bR0tglY

8 Christopher L. Gasper, “Seau shakes off late hit,” Boston Globe, December 22, 2008. http://www.boston.com/sports/football/patriots/articles/2008/12/22/seau_shakes_off_late_hit/

9 Dom Cosentino, “The Night Junior Seau Picked Up A Marine Captain’s Tab And Serenaded Bar Patrons With A Ukulele,” Deadspin, September 3, 2012. http://deadspin.com/5907297/the-night-junior-seau-picked-up-a-marine-captains-tab-and-serenaded-bar-patrons-with-a-ukulele

10 Greg Bishop, Rob Davis, “Junior Seau, Famed N.F.L. Linebacker, Dies at 43—Suicide Is Suspected,” New York Times, May 2, 2012. http://www.nytimes.com/2012/05/03/sports/football/junior-seau-famed-nfl-linebacker-dies-at-43-in-apparent-suicide.html

11 Mary Pilon, Ken Belson, “Junior Seau Had Brain Disease,” New York Times, January 10, 2013. http://www.nytimes.com/2013/01/11/sports/football/junior-seau-suffered-from-brain-disease.html

12 Jake Flanagin, “Boycott the N.F.L.?,” New York Times, September 18, 2014. http://op-talk.blogs.nytimes.com/2014/09/18/boycott-the-n-f-l/?_php=true&_type=blogs&_r=0

13 Ken Belson, “Brain Trauma to Affect One in Three Players, N.F.L. Agrees,” The New York Times, September 12, 2014. http://www.nytimes.com/2014/09/13/sports/football/actuarial-reports-in-nfl-concussion-deal-are-released.html

14 Tom Farrey, “Study: 1 in 27 Head Injuries Reported,” ESPN, October 3, 2014. http://espn.go.com/espn/otl/story/_/id/11631357/study-says-26-27-potential-concussions-unreported-college-football

15 Shane Dingman, “Reebok’s Checklight Measures Hits to the Head. But Is It Useful in Predicting Concussion?,” The Globe and Mail, March 1, 2014. http://www.theglobeandmail.com/life/health-and-fitness/health/is-reeboks-skull-impact-monitor-useful-in-predicting-concussion/article17498255/

“Are You Too Busy For Your Friends?,” LifeStyle, Last accessed October 2014. http://www.lifestyle.com.au/health/are-you-too-busy-for-your-friends.aspx

2 Alex Goldmark, “Young Adults: We’re Just Too Busy to Get Driver’s Licenses, Says Survey,” WNYC, August 6, 2013. http://www.wnyc.org/story/310971-young-adults-were-too-busy-get-drivers-license/

3 “They report being too busy as a primary barrier preventing them from better managing their stress . . .”

Norman B. Anderson et al., “Stress in American Findings,” American Psychological Association, November 9, 2010. https://www.apa.org/news/press/releases/stress/2010/national-report.pdf

4 Deborah Andrews, “We Really ARE the Great Unwashed! Brits ‘Too Busy’ to Wash Hands After Using Loo While 58% of Men Skip Daily Shower,” Daily Mail Online, June 18, 2012. http://www.dailymail.co.uk/femail/article-2161019/Brits-busy-wash-hands-using-loo-58-men-skip-daily-shower.html

5 “Christians worldwide are simply becoming too busy for God, a newly released five-year study revealed. In data collected from over 20,000 Christians with ages ranging from 15 to 88 across 139 countries, The Obstacles to Growth Survey found that on average, more than 4 in 10 Christians around the world say they “often” or “always” rush from task to task. Busyness proved to be the greatest challenges in Japan, the Philippines, South Africa, the United Kingdom, Mexico, and Indonesia. Christians in Uganda, Nigeria, Malaysia, and Kenya were least likely to rush from task to task. But even in the less-hurried cultures, about one in three Christians report that they rush from task to task. In Japan, 57 percent agreed.”

Audrey Barrick, “Survey: Christians Worldwide Too Busy for God,” Christian Post, July 30, 2007. http://www.christianpost.com/news/survey-christians-worldwide-too-busy-for-god-28677/

6 Dave Gilson, “Overworked America: 12 Charts That Will Make Your Blood Boil,” Mother Jones, July/August 2011. http://www.motherjones.com/politics/2011/06/speedup-americans-working-harder-charts

7 “NY Times Non-Fiction Best Sellers 2014,” Good Reads, Last accessed October 2014. http://www.goodreads.com/list/show/72828.NY_Times_Non_Fiction_Best_Sellers_2014

8 “Volunteering in the United States, 2013,” Bureau of Labor Statistics, February 25, 2014. http://www.bls.gov/news.release/volun.nr0.htm

9 Rush Limbaugh, “Obama Solves Energy Crisis: Inflate Your Tires,” The Rush Limbaugh Show, July 31, 2008. http://www.rushlimbaugh.com/daily/2008/07/31/obama_solves_energy_crisis_inflate_your_tires

10 “The Department of Transportation estimates that 5 million gallons of fuel per day are wasted due to low tire pressure. That’s more than 2 billion gallons per year, just because people don’t take the time to inflate their tires properly.”

Philip Reed, “How to Check Your Car’s Tire Pressure and Inflate Tires,” Edmunds.com, June 12, 2014. http://www.edmunds.com/how-to/how-to-check-tire-pressure-and-inflate-tires.html

11 “According to the Society of Automotive Engineers, some 260,000 accidents occur each year that involve improper tire pressure, and more than 10,000 people are injured in these incidents.”

“The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration studied crash data from between and 2005 and 2007, and determined that vehicles with low tire pressure were three times likelier to be involved in accidents where tire-related problems were a factor than vehicles with properly-inflated tires.”

Jason Parks, “How’s the Air in Your Tires? Here’s Why You Should Know” Safe Auto Insurance Company, May 31, 2012. http://blog.safeauto.com/hows-the-air-in-your-tires-heres-why-you-should-know/

12 Page 4, Table One

National Center for Statistics and Analysis

Research and Development, “Air Pumps at U.S. Gas Stations: An Investigation into Factors Associated with Gauge Accuracy,” National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, June 2002. www-nrd.nhtsa.dot.gov/Pubs/809-454.PDF

13 Goodyear, “KnowHow for iPhone on the App Store on iTunes,” iTunes, Last accessed September 2014. https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/knowhow-for-iphone/id596134704?mt=8

14 (2:56)

Corporate Valley, “Inspiring Google Story—Larry Page,” YouTube, April 22, 2013. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f_eiMKp4QW8

15 “Whirlpool Duet Washer & Dryer: Teen Jeans,” YouTube, May 13, 2013. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FO_3vraRd50

16 “The home appliance industry is a multi-billion dollar industry with 583 million appliances being shipped worldwide in 2013 alone.”

“Home Appliance Industry—Statistics & Facts,” Statista, Last accessed October 2014. http://www.statista.com/topics/1068/home-appliances/

17 “The average American family does about eight loads of laundry a week (400-plus per year).”

“LG WT5101HV Washing Machine - Top Loading Washer,” Good Housekeeping, Last accessed October 2014. http://www.goodhousekeeping.com/product-reviews/appliances/washer-reviews/lg-wt5101hv-washing-machine#slide-5

18 “How many people have allergies? Over 50 million Americans suffer from allergies, and approximately 55 percent of all U.S. citizens test positive to one or more allergens.”

Allergy Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ),” AchooAllergy, Last accessed October 2014. http://www.achooallergy.com/allergy-faqs.asp

19 (Yes, I cited The Daily Mail, but please don’t consider them a bulletproof source . . . do your homework!)

Deni Kirkova, “Half of Men Can’t Use a Washing Machine Properly and a Quarter Can’t Even Figure Out How to Switch It On,” Daily Mail Online, June 12, 2013. http://www.dailymail.co.uk/femail/article-2340216/Half-men-use-washing-machine-properly-quarter-figure-switch-on.html#ixzz2eyGy9Kr

20 Frederick Muench, PhD, “The Burden of Choice,” Psychology Today, November 1, 2010. http://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/more-tech-support/201011/the-burden-choice

21 TED, “Barry Schwartz: The Paradox of Choice,” YouTube, January 16, 2007. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VO6XEQIsCoM#t=552

22 “Adaptive Wash technology automatically senses the size of each load and uses the right amount of water to keep colors vibrant wash after wash.”

“Whirlpool Washer,” RCWilley, Last accessed September 2014 http://www.rcwilley.com/Appliances/Laundry/Washers/Top-Load/WTW8500BW/3809722/Whirlpool-Washer-View.jsp

23 “Whirlpool’s Advanced Moisture Sensing System has three built-in sensors to read incoming and outgoing air temperatures while monitoring moisture levels inside the dryer so that the drying cycle ends when everything is perfectly dry. An inlet thermister in the heater box reads the temperature of incoming air. Moisture sensor strips inside the drum communicate damp signals of tumbling items. And an outlet thermister in the exhaust reads the temperature of the outgoing air . . .”

“Whirlpool Dryers—Advanced Moisture Sensing,” YouTube, October 25, 2010. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yP4Cyc3kp5g

24 “Whirlpool Dishwasher Sensor Cycle,” YouTube, January 22, 2013. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-ONoToFSR00

25 “About Us,” TripIt, Last accessed October 2014. http://www.tripit.com/press/about

26 Kevin Purdy, “TripIt Adds Automatic Itinerary Importing from Your Gmail Inbox,” Lifehacker, August 11, 2010. http://lifehacker.com/5610002/tripit-adds-automatic-itinerary-importing-from-your-gmail-inbox

27 “What Is Background Uploading?” Dropbox, Last accessed October 2014. https://www.dropbox.com/en/help/500

28 Aldrin Calimlim, “Automatic Photo and Video Uploading Comes to Dropbox for iOS,” AppAdvice, June 14, 2012. http://appadvice.com/appnn/2012/06/automatic-photo-and-video-uploading-comes-to-dropbox-for-ios

29 “About IFTTT,” IFTTT, Last accessed October 2014. https://ifttt.com/wtf

30 mach3maelstrom, “If I miss a call from my mom/wife/gf, text her that I’ll call her back. by mach3maelstrom,” IFTTT, April 25, 2014. https://ifttt.com/recipes/166322-if-i-miss-a-call-from-my-mom-wife-gf-text-her-that-i-ll-call-her-back

2 Alan Fram, “One in Four Read No Books Last Year,” Washington Post, August 21, 2007. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/08/21/AR2007082101045_pf.html

3 Joshua Topolsky, “Inside TED: The Smartest Bubble in the World,” The Verge, March 5, 2013. http://www.theverge.com/2013/3/5/4061684/inside-ted-the-smartest-bubble-in-the-world (4:39)

4 “Since the top 500 titles account for more than 80 percent of downloads, zombie apps are being left on the shelves.”

“Apps ignored by the thousands at Apple, Google sites,” San Francisco Chronicle, June 2, 2014. http://www.sfgate.com/business/article/Apps-ignored-by-the-thousands-at-Apple-Google-5523662.php

5 Dan Frommer, “Most Smartphone Users Download Zero Apps Per Month,” Quartz, August 22, 2014. http://qz.com/253618/most-smartphone-users-download-zero-apps-per-month/

6 (Also available via Google Books: http://books.google.com/books?id=ZqMQOT9SMhAC&pg=PA193&lpg=PA193)

Richard G. Bias and Deborah J. Mayhew, Cost-justifying Usability: An Update for an Internet Age (San Francisco: Morgan Kaufmann), p.193

7 Ker Than, “World’s Oldest Cave Art Found—Made by Neanderthals?,” National Geographic, June 14, 2012. http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2012/06/120614-neanderthal-cave-paintings-spain-science-pike/

8 Gil Press, “A Very Short History of Big Data,” Forbes, May 9, 2013. http://www.forbes.com/sites/gilpress/2013/05/09/a-very-short-history-of-big-data/

9 Peter J. Denning, “Saving All the Bits,” RIACS Technical Report, October 15, 1990. http://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/19910023503.pdf

10 “Ten years later, in 1990, a normal hard drive held about 40 MB, with more expensive options able to store more than 100 MB.”

“Amazing Facts and Figures about the Evolution of Hard Disk Drives,” Royal Pingdom, February 18, 2010. http://royal.pingdom.com/2010/02/18/amazing-facts-and-figures-about-the-evolution-of-hard-disk-drives/

11 “MyLifeBits,” Microsoft Research, Last accessed October 2014. http://research.microsoft.com/en-us/projects/mylifebits/

12 Andrew Ng, “Lecture 1 | Machine Learning (Stanford),” YouTube, http://youtu.be/UzxYlbK2c7E?t=53s

13 “. . . received his M.S. in statistics from the University of Chicago, his Ph.D. in statistics at McGill University and joined Google as a statistician . . . In the Ads Team we work on a variety of flavours of statistical problems, . . .”

Jeff Leek, “Interview with Nick Chamandy, Statistician at Google,” Simply Statistics, February 2, 2015. http://simplystatistics.org/2013/02/15/interview-with-nick-chamandy-statistician-at-google/

14 “Gokul Rajaram: Executive Profile & Biography,” Businessweek, October 26, 2014. http://investing.businessweek.com/research/stocks/private/person.asp?personId=40480108&privcapId=61767588

15 Ashlee Vance, “This Tech Bubble Is Different,” Businessweek, April 14, 2011. http://www.businessweek.com/magazine/content/11_17/b4225060960537.htm#p2

16 Michael S. Rosenwald, “For Tablet Computer Visionary Roger Fidler, a Lot of What-Ifs,” Washington Post, March 10, 2012. http://www.washingtonpost.com/business/for-tablet-computer-visionary-roger-fidler-a-lot-of-what-ifs/2012/02/28/gIQAM0kN1R_story.html

17 “Some colleagues were openly dismissive of Goldman’s ideas. Why would users need LinkedIn to figure out their networks for them?”

Thomas H. Davenport and D.J. Patil, “Data Scientist: The Sexiest Job of the 21st Century,” Harvard Business Review, October 2012. http://hbr.org/2012/10/data-scientist-the-sexiest-job-of-the-21st-century/ar/1

Noel Sharkey, “Sign In To Read: The Return of Elektro, the First Celebrity Robot,” New Scientist, December 25, 2008. http://www.newscientist.com/article/mg20026873.000-the-return-of-elektro-the-first-celebrity-robot.html?full=true

2 Standing over 7 feet tall and weighing in at 300 pounds

Jack Weeks, “Hey . . . Where’s My Legs??,” Internet Archive, September 7, 2004. http://web.archive.org/web/20041011003402/ http://www.maser.org/k8rt/

3 “But when Westinghouse cleared its warehouses for World War II production, Elektro ended up in the basement of an engineer who had worked on the robot’s wiring.”

“‘He showed us . . . and we managed to put the head on the torso and played with it as children, wheeling it around in games of cowboys and cops and robbers.”

“Elektro went back on the road for Westinghouse after the war, visiting county fairs and opening department stores. Weeks went along as an assistant.”

Emma Jacobs, “America’s First Celebrity Robot Is Staging a Comeback,” NPR, April 2, 2012. http://www.npr.org/2012/04/02/149850779/americas-first-celebrity-robot-is-staging-a-comeback

4 “Elektro in 1939 shows off his early brushed-aluminum skin . . . The 7-foot-tall creation took voice commands via a telephone handset.”

Amanda Kooser, “Elektro: 1939 Smoking Robot Saved from Oblivion,” CNET, April 5, 2012. http://www.cnet.com/news/elektro-1939-smoking-robot-saved-from-oblivion/

5 RedLightBulbs, “Elektro the Robot Breaks a Balloon,” YouTube, Last accessed October 2014. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sdLEQNmsXag

6 Stuart Sikes, “And Now for the Rest of the Siri Story,” Parks Associates, March 28, 2012. http://www.parksassociates.com/blog/article/and-now-for-the-rest-of-the-siri-story

7 Ryan W. Neal, “Apple iOS 7: 85 Percent of People Haven’t Used Siri, 46 Percent Think Apple Oversold Its Release,” International Business Times, October 23 2013. http://www.ibtimes.com/apple-ios-7-85-percent-people-havent-used-siri-46-percent-think-apple-oversold-its-release-1437900

8 Rolfe Winkler, “What Google Gains from Nest Labs,” The Wall Street Journal, January 14, 2014. http://online.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052702303819704579321043556056678

9 “Simultaneous poems—poems in which multiple languages are read at once rendering each unintelligible—offered an alternative approach to abstract poetry. By destroying everyday language, sound poems offered both a metaphor for the destruction caused by war and a commentary on the deceitfulness of language.”

“DADA - Techniques - Sound,” National Gallery of Art, Washington, DC, Last accessed October 2014. http://www.nga.gov/exhibitions/2006/dada/techniques/sound.shtm

10 “The flood of messages—up to 150 a day—adds to their already heavy clinical workloads, leaves them with very little time for the task of alert management, and frustrates the process of providing timely follow-up care.”

Nicole Lewis, “Healthcare Providers Frustrated by Excessive EHR Alerts,” InformationWeek, April 19, 2011. http://www.informationweek.com/healthcare/electronic-health-records/healthcare-providers-frustrated-by-excessive-ehr-alerts/d/d-id/1097265?

11 Liz Kowalczyk, “Patient Alarms Often Unheard, Unheeded,” Boston Globe, February 13, 2011. http://www.boston.com/lifestyle/health/articles/2011/02/13/patient_alarms_often_unheard_unheeded/

12 “Early Detection,” EarlySense, Last accessed October 2014. http://www.earlysense.com/early-detection/

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15 “Standing on crutches in front of his locker with his sweaty game uniform on his back and tears in his eyes, Kobe Bryant confirmed the worst news to hit the Los Angeles Lakers in a season already full of heartbreaking disappointments.”

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2 Umika Pidaparthy, “What You Should Know about iTunes’ 56-page Legal Terms,” CNN, May 6, 2011. http://www.cnn.com/2011/TECH/web/05/06/itunes.terms/

3 Eric Slivka, “Apple’s 500 Million iTunes Store Accounts Offer Significant Potential for Growth in Services,” Mac Rumors, June 4, 2013. http://www.macrumors.com/2013/06/04/apples-500-million-itunes-store-accounts-offer-significant-potential-for-growth-in-services/

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7 Aleecia M. Mcdonald & Lorrie Faith Cranor, “The Cost of Reading Privacy Policies,” I/S: A Journal of Law and Policy for the Information Society. August 2008. http://moritzlaw.osu.edu/students/groups/is/files/2012/02/Cranor_Formatted_Final.pdf

8 That’s actually 54,000,000,000/24

9 “Facebook has finally responded to frustration over its privacy policies, by recruiting a small blue dinosaur to offer advice to users.”

“Facebook sends in blue dinosaur to dispel privacy fears,” The Week UK, May 23, 2014. http://www.theweek.co.uk/technology/58661/facebook-sends-in-blue-dinosaur-to-dispel-privacy-fears

10 It’s for these reasons that we disagree with the ruling. That said, we obviously respect the court’s authority and are doing our very best to comply quickly and responsibly. It’s a huge task, as we’ve had over 70,000 take-down requests covering 250,000 web pages since May. So we now have a team of people reviewing each application individually, in most cases with limited information and almost no context.

David Drummond, “We Need to Talk about the Right To Be Forgotten,” The Guardian, July 10, 2014. http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2014/jul/10/right-to-be-forgotten-european-ruling-google-debate

11 “Some 68% of internet users believe current laws are not good enough in protecting people’s privacy online . . .”

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12 “Presley has already appeared six times on national television, but it is his appearance on The Milton Berle Show on June 5, 1956, that triggers the first controversy of his career. Presley sings his latest single, ‘Hound Dog,’ with all the pelvis-shaking intensity his fans scream for. Television critics across the country slam the performance for its ‘appalling lack of musicality,’ for its ‘vulgarity’ and ‘animalism.’ The Catholic Church takes up the criticism in its weekly organ in a piece headlined ‘Beware Elvis Presley.’ Concerns about juvenile delinquency and the changing moral values of the young find a new target in the popular singer.”

“Culture Shock: Flashpoints: Music and Dance: Elvis Presley,” PBS, Last accessed November 2014. http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/cultureshock/flashpoints/music/elvis.html

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14 Michelle Dennedy, chief privacy officer at security software firm McAfee.

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15 Molly Wood, “Facebook Generation Rekindles Expectation of Privacy Online,” New York Times, September 7, 2014. http://bits.blogs.nytimes.com/2014/09/07/rethinking-privacy-on-the-internet/

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18 “But recent papers from Harvard, Berkeley, and University of Pennsylvania researchers show that kids and young adults do want to keep information private.”

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20 Chris Matyszczyk, “Online Game Shoppers Duped into Selling Souls,” CNET, April 16, 2010. http://www.cnet.com/news/online-game-shoppers-duped-into-selling-souls/

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26 Jon Pareles, “Jay-Z Is Watching, and He Knows Your Friends,” The New York Times, July 5, 2013. http://www.nytimes.com/2013/07/05/arts/music/jay-z-is-watching-and-he-knows-your-friends.html

27 Jay-Z, “Mr. Carter on Twitter,” Twitter, July 8, 2013. https://twitter.com/S_C_/statuses/354337385468805122

28 “Only Glympse puts you in control—you set who sees you and for how long. Safe for families, friends, colleagues, and one-time meetings.”

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8 John Carey, “Lamborghini to Drop Manual Transmissions,” Motor Trend, July 07, 2011. http://www.motortrend.com/features/auto_news/2011/1107_lamborghini_to_drop_manual_transmissions/

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2 Marco Annunziata, “Welcome to the Age of the Industrial Internet,” TED, October 2013. http://www.ted.com/talks/marco_annunziata_welcome_to_the_age_of_the_industrial_internet