L
Ada, 710
C
choosing, 8
Elixir, 713
Erlang, 713
Go, 714
Groovy, 715
Haskell, 715
JavaScript, 716
OCaml, 718
Perl, 718
Python, 719
Ruby, 719
Rust, 720
Scala, 720
lastlog command, 330
LaTeX, 82
Launchpad
account, creating
overview, 696
uploading SSH key to, 697
lazy evaluation, 715
LDAP (Lightweight Directory Access Protocol)
client configuration
Evolution, 620
Thunderbird, 621
LDIF (LDAP Data Interchange Format), 619
online resources, 622
server configuration, 616
LDAP Data Interchange Format (LDIF), 619
ldapadd command, 622
ldapdelete, 622
ldapdelete command, 622
ldapmodify command, 621
ldapsearch command, 621
ldap-utils package, 616
LDIF (LDAP Data Interchange Format), 619
.ldif filename extension, 619
LDM (LTSP Display Manager), 628
“LDP Author Guide” (Komarinski), 39
LDTP (Linux Desktop Testing Project), 705
left angle bracket (<), 222
Leiningen, 711
less command, 36, 156, 177, 197–198
levels, backup, 346
libraries, Android, 724
libvirt-bin package, 634
licensing
GNU General Public License (GPL), 29
LightDM, 51
Lightweight Directory Access Protocol. See LDAP (Lightweight Directory Access Protocol)
limiting resource use
& (ampersand), 215
jobs command, 214
Limoncelli, Thomas A., 40
linkers, 670
Linux
advantages of, 31
documentation
kernel. See kernel
LUGs (Linux User Groups), 39
“Linux Administration Made Easy” (Frampton), 39
#linux channel, 42
Linux Desktop Testing Project (LDTP), 705
Linux Documentation Project, 413
Linux Foundation, 29
“Linux from Scratch” (Beekmans), 39
“Linux Kernel Module Programming Guide” (Salzman, Burian, and Pomerantz), 39
Linux Terminal Server Project. See LTSP (Linux Terminal Server Project)
linux-backports-modules packages, 461
#linuxhelp channel, 42
linux-source package, 462
Listen directive, 493
listening
to music
listing
jobs, 214
packages, 38
Live Bookmarks (Firefox), 69
lo. See loopback interface
localhost interface. See loopback interface
locate command, 200
location of commands, printing, 207
log files
vsftpd.log, 537
LogFormat statements, 509
logging in to command line
text-based console login, 152
logging out of command line
text-based console login, 153
logical operators
Logical Volume Manager (LVM), 646
logname command, 264
logout command, 153
Loh, Eugene, 714
long term support (LTS), 21, 33
loops. See also statements
endless loops, 301
shell scripts
break, 307
exit, 307
repeat, 303
shift, 304
Lovelace, Ada, 710
lp command, 487
lpc command, 487
lpq command, 487
lprm command, 487
lpstat command, 487
LTS (long term support), 21, 33
LTSP (Linux Terminal Server Project)
LDM (LTSP Display Manager), 628
online resources, 629
LTSP Display Manager (LDM), 628
lua command, 717
lua50 package, 717
lubuntu-desktop package, 116
LUGs (Linux User Groups), 39
LVM ( Logical Volume Manager), 646
M
MaaS (metal as a service), 643, 653–654
MAC (mandatory access control), 435
MAC (Media Access Control) addresses, 382
Mac hardware
installing Ubuntu on, 3
Juju on, 653
macros with make command, 672–673
Mago, 705
mail. See email
mail delivery agents (MDAs), 544–545
mail relaying, 550
mail transfer agents (MTAs), 541–544
mail user agents (MUAs), 545
maildir, 544
make config command, 466
make menuconfig command, 466–467
make oldconfig command, 467
make xconfig command, 467
making directories, 204
mandatory access control (MAC), 435
MAPI (Messaging Application Program Interface), 557
MapReduce, 611
MariaDB, 577
master boot record. See MBR (master boot record)
Mastering Regular Expressions (Freidl), 274
Masters of the Universe (MOTUs), 18, 701
matching patterns. See pattern matching
math, 77
Matrox Marvel, 104
Matrox Rainbow Runner G-Series, 104
mbox format, 544
definition of, 313
installing boot loader to, 5
mc command, 362
MDAs (mail delivery agents), 544–545, 555–556
measuring key buffer usage, 448–449
Media Access Control (MAC) addresses, 382
memory, 327–328. See also cache (SQL)
Merriman, Dwight, 603
message delivery intervals (Postfix), 549
Messaging Application Program Interface (MAPI), 557
metal as a service (MaaS), 643, 653–654
methods. See also commands; functions
Microsoft Exchange Server, 557
Microsoft Office, 75
middleware, 597
MIME (Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions), 73
Mir, 44
mirroring systems, 348
mkinitrd command, 470
mkisofs command, 101
mnemonic notation (permissions), 166
mobile development
Android
Android Studio installation, 725
applications, creating, 727
online resources, 728
overview, 723
SDK (software development kit) installation, 725–727
Ubuntu Mobile
applications, creating, 730
online resources, 731
SDK (software development kit) installation, 730
moderated newsgroups, 72
modinfo command, 459
modprobe command, 388–389, 458–459
modprobe.conf file, 387–388, 459
modprobe.d folder, 159
modular kernels, 457
Module section (xorg.conf), 48
Apache
mod_access, 502
mod_alias, 502
mod_asis, 503
mod_auth, 503
mod_auth_anon, 503
mod_auth_dbm, 503
mod_auth_digest, 504
mod_autoindex, 504
mod_cgi, 504
mod_dir, 504
mod_expires, 504
mod_include, 505
mod_info, 505
mod_log_config, 505
mod_mime, 505
mod_mime_magic, 505
mod_negotiation, 505
mod_proxy, 505
mod_rewrite, 505
mod_setenvif, 506
mod_speling, 506
mod_ssl, 506
mod_status, 506
mod_unique_id, 506
mod_userdir, 506
mod_usertrack, 507
mod_vhost_alias, 507
kernel module management, 458–460
Puppet, 656
modules.conf file, 105
Mojo, 653
MongoDB, 610
Monitor section (xorg.conf), 49
monitoring. See system-monitoring tools
mono-devel package, 718
monolithic kernels, 457
MOTUs (Masters of the Universe), 18, 701
mounting Samba shares, 482–483
Mourani, Gerhard, 40
movies. See video
moving
jobs to background/foreground, 215–216
.mp3 filename extension, 88
MP3 format, 88
.mpeg filename extension, 106
MPMs (multiprocessing modules), 495–496
MS-DOS, 151
MTAs (mail transfer agents), 541–544
mtr command, 373
MUAs (mail user agents), 545
multicasting, 382
multimedia applications
images
Adobe Photoshop, 94
screen images, capturing, 97
Shotwell Photo Manager, 98
online resources, 109
sound and music
volume adjustment, 87
video
personal video recorders, 107
TV and video hardware, 104–105
video viewers, 106
multiple commands, running, 237–238
multiprocessing modules (MPMs), 495–496
Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME), 73
music
listening to
overview, 89
volume adjustment, 87
Mutt, 68
MVRB-Tree, 612
MX record (DNS), 663
compared to PostgreSQL, 586–588
database clients
graphical clients, 600
local GUI client access, 597
MySQL command-line client, 598–600
overview, 595
PostgreSQL command-line client, 600
web access, 597
optimization. See optimization
mysql_install_db command, 589
MySQLGUI, 600
Myth TV, 107
Mythbuntu, 107
N
Nagios, 340
name serving. See DNS (Domain Name System)
name-based virtual hosts, 508–509
names
domain names, 661
usernames, 251
NameVirtualHost directive, 508
nano command, 227
NAT (network address translation), 376
Nautilus, 114
nautilus-actions package, 363
nautilus-image-converter package, 97
navigating file system
overview, 162
pwd command, 165
Nemeth, Evi, 40
Neo4j, 612
Nessus, 428
NetBeans, 679
NetBoot, 314
netstat command, 394
network address translation (NAT), 376
Network File System. See NFS (Network File System)
network host configuration, 403–404
network interface cards (NICs), 382–384
Network News Transfer Protocol (NNTP), 73
networking service (OpenStack), 646
networks
command-line network interface configuration
ip command, 392
netstat command, 394
configuration files
/etc/hosts file, 395
/etc/resolv.conf file, 396–397
DHCP (Dynamic Host Control Protocol). See DHCP (Dynamic Host Control Protocol)
graphical configuration tools, 397–399
hardware devices
bridges, 386
NICs (network interface cards), 382–384
routers, 386
Internet connections
common configuration information, 408–410
dial-up Internet access, 412–413
overview, 408
PPPoE (Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet), 410–412
troubleshooting, 413
network configuration tools, 389
network printers, creating, 483–485
online resources, 414
overview, 369
related Ubuntu and Linux commands, 414
storage, 349
subnetting, 381
TCP/IP (Transport Control Protocol/Internet Protocol). See TCP/IP (Transport Control Protocol/Internet Protocol)
VPNs (virtual private networks). See VPNs (virtual private networks)
wireless networks. See wireless networks
Neutron, 646
Newell, Gabe, 123
NewSQL databases. See NoSQL databases
newusers command, 264
installation, 474
overview, 474
starting, 474
stopping, 474
nfs-common package, 475
online resources, 526
nginx package, 517
nice command, 218–219, 326–327
NICs (network interface cards), 382–384
Nmap, 428
nm-connection-editor, 389
NNTP (Network News Transfer Protocol), 73
nonbooting hard drive, saving files from, 368
BigTable, 611
Cassandra, 607
CouchDB, 609
FlockDB, 613
HBase, 611
MongoDB, 610
Neo4j, 612
online resources, 613
OrientDB, 612
Redis, 608
Riak, 608
number comparison
numbering system
Linux kernels, 30
octal notation, 166
O
object files, 670
OCaml, 718
ocaml package, 718
ocamlc, 718
ocamlopt, 718
octal notation, 166
ODSL (Open Source Development Labs), 29
.ogg filename extension, 88, 106
Ogg-Vorbis format, 88
.ogv filename extension, 106
Android development, 728
Apache, 513
backups, 368
boot process, 322
cloud computing, 654
DNS (Domain Name System), 667
file- and printer-sharing, 488
FTP (File Transfer Protocol), 540
GUIs (graphical user interfaces), 118–119
help
LUGs (Linux User Groups), 39
Ubuntu-related websites, 40–42
Internet, 74
kernel, 472
LDAP (Lightweight Directory Access Protocol), 622
LTSP (Linux Terminal Server Project), 629
multimedia applications, 109
networks, 414
Nginx, 526
NoSQL databases, 613
OpenStack, 647
opportunistic development, 692
performance tuning, 452
productivity suites and applications, 83
programming tools, 680
remote access, 423
security, 439
server management, 657
software management, 147
system-monitoring tools, 340
testing and QA, 708
Ubuntu development, 702
Ubuntu installation and configuration, 27
Ubuntu Mobile development, 731
users, 264
virtualization, 639
web servers, 530
X, 61
Open Sound System (OSS), 86
open source, 20
Open Source Development Labs (ODSL), 29
open-cobol package, 712
OpenDocument, 78
OpenLDAP, 615
OpenShot Video Editor, 108
openssh-server package, 417
Open-Xchange, 558
operators
pdksh and bash
opportunistic development. See also version control systems
definition of, 681
online resources, 692
snap packaging, 689
hard disk
hdparm command, 443
MySQL
overview, 448
read buffer, 451
table cache, 451
online resources, 452
Options directive, 497
Oracle
Beehive, 557
JDeveloper, 679
orchestration engines, Ansible, 657
Orient ODBMS, 612
OrientDB, 612
OSS (Open Sound System), 86
output
BIOS (basic input/output system)
beep codes, 313
checking, 235
hard disk optimization, 442–443
I/O (input/output redirection), 209–212, 275–276
P
PaaS (platform as a service), 643
package management utilities, apt-get, 16
packages
apache2, 490
apparmor-profiles, 436
bikeshed, 689
bind9, 666
bridge-utils, 634
clojure, 711
default-jdk, 716
elixir, 713
erlang, 713
gforth, 714
ghc, 715
gnat, 710
gnat-gps, 710
gnome-shell, 116
golang, 714
golang-docs, 714
groovy, 715
gstreamer0.10-plugins-ugly, 88
haskell-platform, 715
ldap-utils, 616
libvirt-bin, 634
linux-backports-modules, 461
linux-source, 462
listing, 38
lua50, 717
lubuntu-desktop, 116
mono-devel, 718
nautilus-actions, 363
nautilus-image-converter, 97
nfs-common, 475
nginx, 517
ocaml, 718
open-cobol, 712
openssh-server, 417
postfix, 546
postgres, 600
PPAs (personal package archives)
creating, 688
Ubuntu SDK, 730
qemu-kvm, 634
ruby1.8, 719
scala, 720
Scratch, 720
scratch, 720
slapd, 616
soundconverter, 89
telnetd, 416
ubuntu-gnome-desktop, 117
ubuntu-make, 688
ubuntu-qa-tools, 705
ubuntu-restricted-extras, 88, 106
ubuntu-software, 133
valac, 721
virtinst, 634
virt-manager, 634
virt-viewer, 634
xubuntu-desktop, 115
packaging-dev package, 695–696
paging through output, 197–198
PAM (Pluggable Authentication Modules), 255–256
parameters, positional, 282–284
parentheses ( ), 222
partition strategies
GParted, 11
/home partition, 10
planning, 5
root partitions, 10
swap partitions, 10
passwd command, 249
administrator settings for, 256
policy, 252
pastebinit command, 691
patch command, 464
patching kernel, 460, 463–464, 698–701
patch-kernel script, 463
pbget command, 690
pbm (portable bitmap), 97
pbput command, 690
pbputs command, 690
.pcx filename extension, 96
PDF (Portable Document Format) files
editing, 81
PDF Editor, 81
.pdf filename extension, 36
peers file, 549
Percona Server, 577
hard disk
hdparm command, 443
MySQL
overview, 448
read buffer, 451
table cache, 451
online resources, 452
Perl, 718
altering
chgrp command, 170
chown command, 170
changing, 191
directory permissions, 167–168
overview, 244
sticky bit permssions, 171
personal package archives (PPAs)
creating, 688
Ubuntu SDK, 730
personal video recorders, 107
pgAdmin, 600
pgm (portable graymap), 97
Photoshop, 94
PHP
overview, 719
PHP and MySQL Web Development (Welling and Thompson), 591
Pidgin, 70
PKI (public key infrastructure), 573
Plain Old Java Objects (POJOs), 529
Planner, 77
planning
disaster recovery plans, 437–438
partition strategies, 5
platform as a service (PaaS), 643
Pluggable Authentication Modules (PAM), 255–256
plug-ins
GStreamer, 88
Plymouth, 314
.png filename extension, 96
pnm (portable anymap), 97
Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet (PPPoE), 410–412
Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP), 408
POJOs (Plain Old Java Objects), 528–529
policy, password, 252
Pomerantz, Ori, 39
POP3 (Post Office Protocol version 3), 545
populating LDAP directories, 617–619
portable anymap (pnm), 97
portable bitmap (pbm), 97
Portable Document Format (PDF) files
editing, 81
portable graymap (pbm), 97
portable pixmap (ppm), 96
ports, 377
positional parameters, 282–284
Post Office Protocol version 3 (POP3), 545
Postfix
mail relaying, 550
masquerading, 548
message delivery intervals, 549
overview, 543
smart hosts, 549
postfix package, 546
Postfix: The Definitive Guide (Dent), 548
postgres package, 600
data directory initialization, 592
database clients
graphical clients, 600
local GUI client access, 595–596
MySQL command-line client, 598–600
overview, 595
PostgreSQL command-line client, 600
database creation, 593
installation, 592
user deletion, 594
post-installation configuration
power management, 22
printers, 22
system settings, 21
time/date
date command, 24
hwclock command, 24
overview, 23
Time & Date tool, 23
PostScript files, reading, 36
POV-Ray, 98
power management configuration, 22
power shortcuts, 60
PPAs (personal package archives)
creating, 688
Ubuntu SDK, 730
ppm (portable pixmap), 96
PPP (Point-to-Point Protocol), 408
pppconfig command, 412
pppd daemon, 549
PPPoE (Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet), 410–412
Practical Extraction and Report Language. See Perl
A Practical Guide to Linux Commands, Editors, and Shell Programming, Third Edition, 40
The Practice of System and Network Administration, Second Edition, 40
preparation for Ubuntu installation
32-bit versus 64-bit Ubuntu, 4–5
backups, 7
hardware specifications, researching, 2
partition strategies, planning, 5
preprocessors, 670
previous command, running, 236–237
printers
all-in-one devices, 487
configuration, 22
detecting, 22
printing-related commands, 487
sharing
CUPS (Common UNIX Printing System) GUI, 483–486
USB and legacy printers, 487
[printers] section (smb.conf), 480–481
printing
command location, 207
disk usage, 192
priority scheduling, 218–219, 326–327
private cloud, 644
system administrator privileges, granting
overview, 257
/proc directory, 160–161, 323–324
procedural languages, 588
process substitution, 222
processes
process substitution, 222
processors, ARM, 724
Procmail, 555
online resources, 83
productivity applications
CrossOver Office, 83
Gedit, 81
Kile, 82
PDF Editor, 81
Texmaker, 82
Wine, 83
XML Copy Editor, 82
productivity suites
KOffice, 80
Microsoft Office, 75
ProFTPD, 533
programming languages. See languages
programming tools
gdb command, 675
GNU Compiler Collection (gcc), 675–676
gprof command, 675
graphical development tools
IDEs (integrated development environments), 678–680
overview, 676
SDKs (software development kits), 678–680
online resources, 680
overview, 669
[programs] section (smb.conf), 479
promiscuous mode, 431
proprietary software, 20
proprietary video drivers, installing, 122–123
proxy servers
definition of, 561
online resources, 575
Squid
ACLs (access control lists), 563–567
installation, 562
sample configurations, 568–569
.ps filename extension, 36
psksh, comparing expressions in
psql command, 600
public cloud, 644
public key infrastructure (PKI), 573
Puppet, 656
purge-old-kernels command, 691
PXE, 314
Python, 719
Q
QA (quality assurance)
QA team, 705
Ubuntu testing, helping with
Bug Squad, 705
online resources, 708
QA team, 705
qemu-kvm package, 634
Quassel, 70
query cache optimization, 449–451
question mark (?), 275
Quickstart (Juju), 653
quickstart command, 653
quotacheck command, 263
quotaoff command, 263
quotaon command, 263
quotation marks, 288
R
rabbit-mq, 646
Radiance, 98
RAID (redundant array of independent disks), 348
Rails, 719
RARP (Reverse Address Resolution Protocol), 382
.raw filename extension, 88
RAW format, 88
Raymond, Eric, 185
rc script, 316
RDBMSs (relational database management systems). See relational databases
RDP (Remote Display Protocol), 638
read buffer optimization, 451
read-eval-print loop (REPL), 711
reading
documentation
whereis command, 157
kernel ring buffer, 239
PDF (Portable Document Format) files, 80–81
rebooting system, 183
receiving email. See email
A record (DNS), 662
records (DNS)
A, 662
AAAA, 662
CNAME, 663
MX, 663
TXT, 665
recovery mode, 236. See also security; troubleshooting
redirection, I/O (input/output), 209–212, 275–276
Redis, 608
reduced instruction set computer (RISC), 724
redundant array of independent disks (RAID), 348
references. See online resources
regular expressions, 177
reinstalling
GRUB2 (Grand Unified Boot Loader), 235–236
Ubuntu, 236
relational database management systems (RDBMSs). See relational databases
ACID compliance (databases), 587–588
database clients
graphical clients, 600
local GUI client access, 597
MySQL command-line client, 598–600
overview, 595
PostgreSQL command-line client, 600
web access, 597
DBAs (database administrators), 577–578
MySQL. See MySQL
PostgreSQL. See PostgreSQL
speed of, 586
release command, 690
release cycles (Ubuntu), 694–695
release-build command, 690
remote access
FTP (File Transfer Protocol). See FTP (File Transfer Protocol)
online resources, 423
SSH (Secure Shell)
compared to Telnet, 417
scp command, 418
VNC (Virtual Network Computing), 420–423
Remote Display Protocol (RDP), 638
remote file serving. See FTP (File Transfer Protocol)
removing software
with APT (Advanced Package Tool), 141
rename command, 204
repeat statement, 303
REPL (read-eval-print loop), 711
repositories (software)
compiling software from, 144–145
repquota command, 263
require directive, 498–499, 500
researching hardware specifications, 2
resource use, limiting
& (ampersand), 215
jobs command, 214
restarting slapd, 616
restoring GRUB2 (Grand Unified Boot Loader), 367
retrieving data from SQL databases, 584–586
Reverse Address Resolution Protocol (RARP), 382
reverse-i search, 237
revoking PostgreSQL privileges, 594–595
RFC (Requests for Comments) 1036, 73
Riak, 608
rights. See privileges
ripping CDs, 99
RISC (reduced instruction set computer), 724
RivaTV, 104
rmmod command, 458
root partitions, 10
root prompt, 18
root users
deleting users, 182
root zones, 661
routers, 386
RSS readers
Firefox, 69
overview, 69
Ruby, 719
Ruby Gems, 719
Ruby on Rails, 719
ruby1.8 package, 719
runlevels
default runlevel, booting into, 316
definitions, 315
purpose of, 315
troubleshooting, 319
commands
in sequence, 222
jobs in background, 215
shell scripts, 279
run-one command, 691
run-this-one command, 691
Runtime (Android), 724
runtime server configuration settings
.htaccess configuration files, 496–498
MPMs (multiprocessing modules), 495–496
Rust, 720
S
SaaS (software as a service), 643
Salzman, Peter J., 39
Samba
connection status, checking, 481–482
smbclient command, 482
stopping/starting, 481
testing, 481
Sams Teach Yourself TCP/IP Network Administration in 21 Days, 381
satisfy directive, 501
saving files from nonbooting hard drive, 368
/sbin directory
/sbin/ip, 392
/sbin/netstat, 394
Scala, 720
scala package, 720
scheduling
priority scheduling, 218–219, 326–327
task scheduling
schema (LDAP), creating, 616–617
Scheme, 717
scopes
development, 698
Smart Scopes, 59
scp command, 418
Scratch package, 720
scratch package, 720
screen images, capturing, 97
Screen section (xorg.conf), 50–51
script kiddies, 426
scripts
confining to directories, 238–239
patch-kernel, 463
rc, 316
SDKs (software development kits)
searching
for files
locate command, 200
for strings, 196
Secure Shell. See SSH (Secure Shell)
Secure Sockets Layer, 506
“Securing and Optimizing Linux” (Mourani), 40
built-in kernel protection, 425
devices, 431
disaster recovery plans, 437–438
encryption, 10
firewalls
iptables, 435
UFW (Uncomplicated Firewall), 432–435
online resources, 439
passwords
administrator settings for, 256
policy, 252
vulnerability assessment, 427–428
wireless networks, 429
semicolon (;), 222, 306, 403, 583
semistructured data, 608
Sender Policy Framework (SPF), 665
sending email. See email
sequence, running commands in, 222
Server install DVD, 2
ServerAdmin directive, 494
ServerLayout section (xorg.conf), 47
ServerName directive, 494–495, 508
ServerRoot directive, 493
Apache
MPMs (multiprocessing modules), 495–496
runtime server configuration settings, 492–498
Apache Tomcat, 530
DHCP server, 402
DNS (Domain Name System)
configuring with BIND, 665–667
FTP (File Transfer Protocol)
authenticated servers, 532
Bsdftpd-ssl, 533
ProFTPD, 533
Very Secure FTP server, 532, 536–538
wu-ftp, 533
IRCd, 72
Jetty, 529
LDAP (Lightweight Directory Access Protocol), 616
LTSP (Linux Terminal Server Project). See LTSP (Linux Terminal Server Project)
management
Ansible, 657
Chef, 656
juju, 655
Landscape, 657
online resources, 657
overview, 655
Puppet, 656
NFS (Network File System), 474–475
Nginx. See Nginx
online resources, 530
Squid. See Squid
SSH (Secure Shell). See SSH (Secure Shell)
virtualization. See virtualization
VPNs (virtual private networks) servers, 573–575
X.Org
Yaws, 528
service set identifiers (SSIDs), 25
services
booting, 315
starting/stopping manually, 319
Session Message Block (SMB), 476
session writing, 103
set group ID (sgid) permissions, 170–171
set user ID (suid) permissions, 170–171
settings. See configuration
sgid (set group ID) permissions, 170–171
sharding, 610
shares (Samba), mounting, 482–483
sharing
files
NFS (Network File System), 474–476
online resources, 488
printers
CUPS (Common UNIX Printing System) GUI, 483–486
shebang (#!), 280
shell scripts. See also command line
available shells, 272
background processing, 277
comparison of expressions
confining to directories, 238–239
data piping, 276
executing, 279
interpreting through specific shells, 280–281
I/O (input/output redirection), 275–276
special characters
backslash (), 289
double quotation marks ("), 288
single quotation marks (’), 288–289
statements. See statements
task scheduling. See task scheduling
variables. See variables
shells. See also shell scripts
table of, 272
shift statement, 304
similarities between files, finding, 212
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP), 377, 541
single quotation marks (’), 288
slapd package, 616
small office/home office (SOHO) users, 35
smart gateways, 386
smart hosts, 549
Smart Scopes, 59
smbclient command, 482
SMPs (symmetric multiprocessors), 33–34
SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol), 377, 541
snap packaging, 689
Snapcraft, 689
Snappy Ubuntu Core, 146–147, 653
Snyder, Garth, 40
Sobell, Mark G., 40
socks-prox command, 690
Software AGs Adabas D database, 77
software as a service (SaaS), 643
software compilation, JIT (just-in-time), 724
software development kits. See SDKs (software development kits)
software libraries (Android), 724
software licensing
GNU General Public License (GPL), 29
software management
APT (Advanced Package Tool). See APT (Advanced Package Tool)
configuration
dotdee (.d), 145
online resources, 147
overview, 133
software compilation
from Ubuntu repository source, 144–145
Software Updater, 137
software repositories
compiling software from, 144–145
software updater command, 15
SOHO (small office/home office) users, 35
sorting file contents, 205–207
sound
listening to
overview, 89
volume adjustment, 87
soundconverter package, 89
sox command, 89
Speed Dreams, 129
speed of relational databases, 586
SPF (Sender Policy Framework), 665
SQL databases
ACID compliance (databases), 587–588
database clients
graphical clients, 600
local GUI client access, 597
MySQL command-line client, 598–600
overview, 595
PostgreSQL command-line client, 600
web access, 597
MySQL
compared to PostgreSQL, 586–588
PostgreSQL
data directory initialization, 592
database creation, 593
installation, 592
user deletion, 594
speed of, 586
subqueries, 588
triggers, 588
squid.conf file, 563
Squirrelmail, 556
accessing IRC clients over, 70
compared to Telnet, 417
overview, 15
scp command, 418
SSH keys
generating, 696
key-based logins, enabling, 419–420
uploading to Launchpad, 697
sshd_config file, 377
ssh-import-id command, 691
SSIDs (service set identifiers), 25
Stallman, Richard M., 29–30, 454
standard FTP (File Transfer Protocol)servers, 531–532
Stanzione, Dan, 670
StarOffice, 77
Start a new Android Studio Project command, 727
start of authority (SOA) records, 664–665
starting
NFS (Network File System), 474
Samba, 481
services
manually, 319
slapd, 616
X, 51
statements. See also loops
DROP USER, 594
LogFormat, 509
shell scripts
break, 307
exit, 307
repeat, 303
shift, 304
SQL
CREATE USER, 593
Steam platform, 123
step-by-step Ubuntu installation, 6–12
sterotypes (user), 245
sticky bit permssions, 171
stopping
NFS (Network File System), 474
Samba, 481
services, 319
slapd, 616
storage infrastructure (OpenStack), 646
stored procedures, 588
stores. See databases
strategy, backup. See backups
strings
searching, 196
string comparison
StumbleUpon, 64
subnet masks, 381
subnetting, 381
subqueries (SQL), 588
substitution
process substitution, 222
sudo command
suid (set user ID) permissions, 170–171
super users/root users
deleting users, 182
overview, 154–155, 178, 242–244
SuperTux, 126
suspending system, 11, 22, 270–272
.svg filename extension, 96
svn add command, 685
svn checkout command, 685
svn commit command, 685
svn delete command, 685
svn import command, 684
svnadmin create command, 684
swap partitions, 10
Swift, 646
symmetric multiprocessors (SMPs), 33–34
sync command, 444
synchronizing file system, 444
syslog, 330
sysrq.txt file, 456
system administrator privileges, granting
overview, 257
system administrators, 641–642
system information, listing, 202–203
System Monitor, 334
system recovery, 236
system services
booting, 315
starting/stopping manually, 319
system settings
Ubuntu, 21
System Settings menu, Time & Date tool, 23
system-config-printer client, 483
systemctl command, 321
systemd, 312, 314, 318, 320–321, 339
system-management tools
gnome-nettool, 339
System Monitor, 334
vncviewer, 339
wireshark, 339
console-based monitoring
disk quotas, 329
vmstat, 328
enterprise server monitoring, 340
graphical and system-management tools
gnome-nettool, 339
System Monitor, 334
vncviewer, 339
wireshark, 339
KDE- and system-monitoring tools, 339
online resources, 340
user activity monitoring, 251–252
system-search command, 690
T
tables
cache optimization, 451
GPT (GUID Partition Table), 314
tar command, 232, 351–353, 360–361
tarballs, compiling software from, 143–144
tasks. See jobs
tcl (Tool Control Language), 281
TCP (Transport Control Protocol), 374
TCP/IP (Transport Control Protocol/Internet Protocol)
overview, 374
ports, 377
tcsh, comparing expressions in
telinit command, 318
telnet command, 416
telnetd package, 416
terminal. See command line
terminal command, 16
testdrive command, 706
testdrive-gtk package, 708
testdriverc file, 706
testing
DNS (Domain Name System), 667
Samba, 481
Ubuntu testing, helping with
online resources, 708
Texmaker, 82
nano, 227
overview, 226
text files, reading, 36
text-based console login, 152
thin clients, 623
Thompson, Laura, 591
Thunar, 114
.tif filename extension, 96
tilde (~), 152
Time & Date tool, 23
time warp, 252
time/date configuration
date command, 24
hwclock command, 24
overview, 23
Time & Date tool, 23
TiVo, 107
TLDs (top-level domains), 661
/tmp directory, 162
Token Ring, 383
Tool Control Language (tcl), 281
top-level domains (TLDs), 661
Torvalds, Linus Benedict, 29, 454, 682
Totem Movie Player, 106
touchscreen platforms, developing for
applications, creating, 730
online resources, 731
SDK (software development kit) installation, 730
traceroute command, 373
Transport Control Protocol (TCP), 374
Transport Control Protocol/Internet Protocol. See TCP/IP (Transport Control Protocol/Internet Protocol)
Transport Layer Security, 506
traversals, 612
triggers, 588
tripwire command, 430
Trojan horses, 430
troubleshooting. See also security
boot process
starting/stopping services manually, 319
help
LUGs (Linux User Groups), 39
Internet connections, 413
post-installation configuration, 26–27
printers, 487
runlevels, 319
UEFI (Unified Extensible Firmware Interface), 6
tune2fs command, 444
tuning performance. See performance tuning
TV and video hardware, 104–105
TXT record (DNS), 665
U
Ubuntu Announcements mailing list, 41
#Ubuntu channel, 42
Ubuntu Developers’ Summit (UDS), 694
Ubuntu Kylin, 118
Ubuntu Metal as a Service (MaaS), 653–654
Ubuntu Mobile, developing for
applications, creating, 730
online resources, 731
SDK (software development kit) installation, 730
Ubuntu repository, compiling software from, 144–145
Ubuntu SDK, 698
ubuntu-gnome-desktop package, 117
ubuntu-make package, 688
ubuntu-qa-tools package, 705
ubuntu-restricted-extras package, 65, 88, 106
ubuntu-software package, 133
UDP (Universal Datagram Protocol), 374
UDS (Ubuntu Developers’ Summit), 694
UEFI (Unified Extensible Firmware Interface), 6, 313–314
UFW (Uncomplicated Firewall), 432–435
ufw.log, 330
UIDs (user IDs), 244
uname command, 30
Uncomplicated Firewall (UFW), 432–435
unicast addressing, 382
Unified Extensible Firmware Interface (UEFI), 6, 313–314
uniform resource identifiers (URIs), 485–486
Unity
configuration
CCSM (CompizConfig Settings Manager), 59
Smart Scopes, 59
system settings, 58
desktop
default look, 53
Ubuntu Mobile, developing for
applications, creating, 730
online resources, 731
SDK (software development kit) installation, 730
Universal Datagram Protocol (UDP), 374
UnQL (Unstructured Query Language), 605
unshielded twisted-pair (UTP), 383, 384–385
Unstructured Query Language (UnQL), 605
updates
checking for
APT (Advanced Package Tool), 138
first updates, 13
Ubuntu Announcements mailing list, 41
UPG (user private group), 245
uploading
SSH key, 697
Upstart, 311–312, 314, 319–320
uptime command, 328
uquick command, 691
URIs (uniform resource identifiers), 485–486
USB
drives, installing Ubuntu from, 6
printers, 487
used memory, displaying, 327–328
User directive, 494
user IDs (UIDs), 244
user private group (UPG), 245
user variables, 281
useradd command, 247–248, 250–251
UserDir directive, 495
usermod command, 249
usernames, 251
users
deleting, 182
FTP (File Transfer Protocol) software, 534–536
groups
overview, 245
online resources, 264
passwords. See passwords
PostgreSQL
deleting, 594
related Ubuntu commands, 264
super users/root users
deleting users, 182
overview, 178
system administrator privileges, granting
overview, 257
user accounts
file permissions, 244
GIDs (group IDs), 244
super users/root users, 242–244
UIDs (user IDs), 244
user stereotypes, 245
usernames, 251
/usr directory. See directories, /usr
UTP (unshielded twisted-pair), 383, 384–385
uuencode program, 73
V
valac package, 721
Valve Software Steam platform, 123
vanilla kernel, 454
/var directory, 162
environment variables, 222–226
shell scripts
accessing, 282
assigning values to, 282
positional parameters, 282–284
/var/log files, 330
VBA (Visual Basic for Applications), 75
for configuration files, 364–366
version numbers
Linux, 30
Ubuntu, 33
Very Secure FTP server, 532, 536–538
personal video recorders, 107
proprietary video drivers, installing, 122–123
TV and video hardware, 104–105
video viewers, 106
virtinst package, 634
virt-install command, 636
virt-manager package, 634
virtual file systems, 160
virtual hosting
Apache
address-based virtual hosts, 507–508
name-based virtual hosts, 508–509
overview, 507
virtual kernel, 461
virtual machines (VMs), 632, 642
virtual memory statistics (vmstat), 328
Virtual Network Computing (VNC), 420–423
virtual private networks. See VPNs (virtual private networks)
virtual resolution, 51
KVM (Kernel-based Virtual Machine), 633–637
online resources, 639
VMware, 639
Xen, 639
virt-viewer package, 634
Visual Basic for Applications (VBA), 75
vmbuilder, 635
VMs (virtual machines), 632, 642
vmstat (virtual memory statistics), 328
VMware, 639
VNC (Virtual Network Computing), 420–423
vncviewer, 339
volume adjustment, 87
VPNs (virtual private networks)
vsftpd (Very Secure FTP) server, 532, 536–538
vsftpd.banned_emails file, 537
vsftpd.chroot_list file, 537
vsftpd.log file, 537
vsftpd.user_list file, 537
VT-x, 633
vulnerability assessment, 427–428
W
WAP (wireless access point), 404–405
Warsow, 124
Warty Warthog, 33
watching video
personal video recorders, 107
TV and video hardware, 104–105
video viewers, 106
.wav filename extension, 88
WAV format, 88
web access to databases, 597
web servers
Apache. See Apache web server
Apache Tomcat, 530
Jetty, 529
Nginx. See Nginx
online resources, 530
Yaws, 528
web-based email applications, 68
websites. See online resources
Welling, Luke, 591
Whaley, Ben, 40
what you see is what you get (WYSIWYG), 82
what you see is what you want (WYGIWYW), 82
whatis command, 203
what-provides command, 691
which command, 207
wide column stores
BigTable, 611
HBase, 611
overview, 611
widgets
definition of, 112
GTK (GIMP Tool Kit) widget set, 79
wildcards, 177
Windows games, playing, 130
Wine, 83
wireless access point (WAP), 404–405
wireless network interfaces, 384
advantages of, 407
overview, 405
security, 429
wireshark, 339
wish command, 281
worms, 426
Writer, 76
writing
session writing, 103
wu-ftp, 533
WWW Security FAQ, 498
WYGIWYW (What You Get Is What You Want), 82
WYSIWYG (what you see is what you get), 82
X
online resources, 61
starting, 51
window managers, 52
X.Org
X Window System. See X
X11. See X
X11R7. See X
Xamarin, 717
Xara Xtreme, 98
Xen, 639
Xmarks Sync, 65
XML (Extensible Markup Language), 81
XML Copy Editor, 82
X.Org
xorg.conf file
Module section, 48
Monitor section, 49
ServerLayout section, 47
xorg.conf file
Module section, 48
Monitor section, 49
ServerLayout section, 47
#xubuntu channel, 42
xubuntu-desktop package, 115
Y
Yaws, 528
Yet Another Web Server (Yaws), 528
Z
Zenoss, 340
zless command, 36