- Cover Page
- About This eBook
- Title Page
- Copyright Page
- Dedication Page
- Contents
- Introduction
- A. Who Is the Intended Audience?
- B. What Are the Goals of This Book?
- C. What Is the Structure of CRE?
- D. What Are the Components of the CRE Web Site?
- E. Why Do We Assign Homework Problems?
- F. Are There Other Web Site Resources?
- G. How Can One’s Critical Thinking and Creative Thinking Skills Be Enhanced? (http://umich.edu/~scps/html/probsolv/strategy/crit-n-creat.htm)
- H. What’s New in This Edition?
- I. How Do I Say Thank You?
- About the Author
- 1. Mole Balances
- 1.1 The Rate of Reaction, –rA
- 1.2 The General Mole Balance Equation (GMBE)
- 1.3 Batch Reactors (BRs)
- 1.4 Continuous-Flow Reactors
- 1.5 Industrial Reactors
- 1.6 And Now... A Word from Our Sponsor–Safety 1 (AWFOS–S1 Safety)
- Summary
- CRE Web Site Materials
- Questions, Simulations, and Problems
- Supplementary Reading
- 2. Conversion and Reactor Sizing
- 2.1 Definition of Conversion
- 2.2 Batch Reactor Design Equations
- 2.3 Design Equations for Flow Reactors
- 2.4 Sizing Continuous-Flow Reactors
- 2.5 Reactors in Series
- 2.6 Some Further Definitions
- 2.7 And Now… A Word from Our Sponsor–Safety 2 (AWFOS–S2 The NFPA Diamond)
- Summary
- CRE Web Site Materials
- Questions and Problems
- Supplementary Reading
- 3. Rate Laws
- 3.1 Basic Definitions
- 3.2 The Rate Law
- 3.3 The Reaction-Rate Constant
- 3.4 Molecular Simulations
- 3.5 Present Status of Our Approach to Reactor Sizing and Design
- 3.6 And Now... A Word from Our Sponsor–Safety 3 (AWFOS–S3 The GHS Diamond)
- Summary
- CRE Web Site Materials
- Questions, Simulations, and Problems
- Supplementary Reading
- 4. Stoichiometry
- 4.1 Batch Reactors (BRs)
- 4.2 Flow Systems
- 4.3 Reversible Reactions and Equilibrium Conversion
- 4.4 And Now... A Word from Our Sponsor–Safety 4 (AWFOS–S4 The Swiss Cheese Model)
- Summary
- CRE Web Site Materials (http://www.umich.edu/~elements/6e/04chap/obj.html#/)
- Questions and Problems
- Questions
- Computer Simulations and Experiments
- Interactive Computer Games
- Problems
- Supplementary Reading
- 5. Isothermal Reactor Design: Conversion
- 5.1 Design Structure for Isothermal Reactors
- 5.2 Batch Reactors (BRs)
- 5.3 Continuous-Stirred Tank Reactors (CSTRs)
- 5.4 Tubular Reactors
- 5.5 Pressure Drop in Reactors
- 5.6 Synthesizing the Design of a Chemical Plant
- 5.7 And Now… A Word from Our Sponsor–Safety 5 (AWFOS–S5 A Safety Analysis of the Incident Algorithm)
- Summary
- ODE Solver Algorithm
- CRE Web Site Materials
- Questions, Simulations, and Problems
- Supplementary Reading
- 6. Isothermal Reactor Design: Moles and Molar Flow Rates
- 6.1 The Moles and Molar Flow Rate Balance Algorithms
- 6.2 Mole Balances on CSTRs, PFRs, PBRs, and Batch Reactors
- 6.3 Application of the PFR Molar Flow Rate Algorithm to a Microreactor
- 6.4 Membrane Reactors
- 6.5 Unsteady-State Operation of Stirred Reactors
- 6.6 Semibatch Reactors
- 6.7 And Now… A Word from Our Sponsor–Safety 6 (AWFOS–S6 The BowTie Diagram)
- Summary
- ODE Solver Algorithm
- CRE Web Site Materials
- Questions, Simulations, and Problems
- Supplementary Reading
- 7. Collection and Analysis of Rate Data
- 7.1 The Algorithm for Data Analysis
- 7.2 Determining the Reaction Order for Each of Two Reactants Using the Method of Excess
- 7.3 Integral Method
- 7.4 Differential Method of Analysis
- 7.5 Nonlinear Regression
- 7.6 Reaction-Rate Data from Differential Reactors
- 7.7 Experimental Planning
- 7.8 And Now… A Word from Our Sponsor–Safety 7 (AWFOS–S7 Laboratory Safety)
- Summary
- CRE Web Site Materials
- Questions, Simulations, and Problems
- Supplementary Reading
- 8. Multiple Reactions
- 8.1 Definitions
- 8.2 Algorithm for Multiple Reactions
- 8.3 Parallel Reactions
- 8.4 Reactions in Series
- 8.5 Complex Reactions
- 8.6 Membrane Reactors to Improve Selectivity in Multiple Reactions
- 8.7 Sorting It All Out
- 8.8 The Fun Part
- 8.9 And Now… A Word from Our Sponsor–Safety 8 (AWFOS–S8 The Fire Triangle)
- Summary
- CRE Web Site Materials
- Questions, Simulations, and Problems
- Supplementary Reading
- 9. Reaction Mechanisms, Pathways, Bioreactions, and Bioreactors
- 9.1 Active Intermediates and Nonelementary Rate Laws
- 9.2 Enzymatic Reaction Fundamentals
- 9.3 Inhibition of Enzyme Reactions
- 9.4 Bioreactors and Biosynthesis
- 9.5 And Now… A Word from Our Sponsor–Safety 9 (AWFOS–S9 Process Safety Triangle)
- Summary
- CRE Web Site Materials
- Questions, Simulations, and Problems
- Supplementary Reading
- 10. Catalysis and Catalytic Reactors
- 10.1 Catalysts
- 10.2 Steps in a Catalytic Reaction
- 10.3 Synthesizing a Rate Law, Mechanism, and Rate-Limiting Step
- 10.4 Heterogeneous Data Analysis for Reactor Design
- 10.5 Reaction Engineering in Microelectronic Fabrication
- 10.6 Model Discrimination
- 10.7 Catalyst Deactivation
- 10.8 Reactors That Can Be Used to Help Offset Catalyst Decay
- Comparison of Model with Industrial Data
- 10.9 And Now… A Word from Our Sponsor–Safety 10 (AWFOS–S10 Exxon Mobil Torrance Refinery Explosion Involving a Straight–Through Transport Reactor [STTR])
- Summary
- ODE Solver Algorithm
- CRE Web Site Materials
- Questions, Simulations, and Problems
- Problems
- Supplementary Reading
- 11. Nonisothermal Reactor Design: The Steady-State Energy Balance and Adiabatic PFR Applications
- 11.1 Rationale
- 11.2 The Energy Balance
- 11.3 The User-Friendly Energy Balance Equations
- 11.4 Adiabatic Operation ∴ Q = 0
- 11.5 Adiabatic Equilibrium Conversion
- 11.6 Reactor Staging with Interstage Cooling or Heating
- 11.7 Optimum Feed Temperature
- 11.8 And Now… A Word from Our Sponsor–Safety 11 (AWFOS–S11 Acronyms)
- Summary
- CRE Web Site Materials
- Questions, Simulations, and Problems
- Supplementary Reading
- 12. Steady-State Nonisothermal Reactor Design: Flow Reactors with Heat Exchange
- 12.1 Steady-State Tubular Reactor with Heat Exchange
- 12.2 Balance on the Heat-Transfer Fluid
- 12.3 Examples of the Algorithm for PFR/PBR Design with Heat Effects
- 12.4 CSTR with Heat Effects
- 12.5 Multiple Steady States (MSS)
- 12.6 Nonisothermal Multiple Chemical Reactions
- 12.7 Radial and Axial Temperature Variations in a Tubular Reactor
- 12.8 And Now... A Word from Our Sponsor—Safety 12 (AWFOS–S12 Safety Statistics)
- Summary
- CRE Web Site Materials (http://www.umich.edu/~elements/6e/12chap/obj.html#/)
- Questions, Simulations, and Problems
- Supplementary Reading
- 13. Unsteady-State Nonisothermal Reactor Design
- 13.1 The Unsteady-State Energy Balance
- 13.2 Energy Balance on Batch Reactors (BRs)
- 13.3 Batch and Semibatch Reactors with a Heat Exchanger
- 13.4 Nonisothermal Multiple Reactions
- 13.5 And Now… A Word from Our Sponsor–Safety 13 (AWFOS–S13 Safety Analysis of the T2 Laboratories Incident)
- Summary
- CRE Web Site Materials (http://www.umich.edu/~elements/6e/13chap/obj.html#/)
- Questions, Simulations, and Problems
- Supplementary Reading
- 14. Mass Transfer Limitations in Reacting Systems
- 14A Mass Transfer Fundamentals
- 14.1 Diffusion Fundamentals
- 14.2 Binary Diffusion
- 14.3 Modeling Diffusion with Chemical Reaction
- 14.4 The Mass Transfer Coefficient
- 14B Applications
- 14.5 Mass Transfer to a Single Particle
- 14.6 The Shrinking Core Model
- 14C Packed-Bed Applications
- 14.7 Mass Transfer-Limited Reactions in Packed Beds
- 14.8 Robert the Worrier
- 14.9 What If . . . ? (Parameter Sensitivity)
- 14.10 And Now… A Word from Our Sponsor—Safety 14 (AWFOS–S14 Sugar Dust Explosion)
- Summary
- CRE Web Site Materials
- Questions, Simulations, and Problems
- Supplementary Reading
- 15. Diffusion and Reaction
- 15.1 Diffusion and Reactions in Homogeneous Systems
- 15.2 Diffusion and Reactions in Spherical Catalyst Pellets
- 15.3 The Internal Effectiveness Factor
- 15.4 Falsified Kinetics
- 15.5 Overall Effectiveness Factor
- 15.6 Estimation of Diffusion- and Reaction-Limited Regimes
- 15.7 Mass Transfer and Reaction in a Packed Bed
- 15.8 Determination of Limiting Situations from Reaction-Rate Data
- 15.9 Multiphase Reactors in the Professional Reference Shelf
- 15.10 Fluidized Bed Reactors
- 15.11 Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD)
- 15.12 And Now… A Word From Our Sponsor–Safety 15 (AWFOS–S15 Critical Thinking Questions Applied to Safety)
- Summary
- CRE Web Site Materials (http://www.umich.edu/~elements/6e/15chap/obj.html#/)
- Questions, Simulations, and Problems
- Supplementary Reading
- 16. Residence Time Distributions of Chemical Reactors
- 16.1 General Considerations
- 16.2 Measurement of the RTD
- 16.3 Characteristics of the RTD
- 16.4 RTD in Ideal Reactors
- 16.5 PFR/CSTR Series RTD
- 16.6 Diagnostics and Troubleshooting
- 16.7 And Now… A Word from Our Sponsor–Safety 16 (AWFOS–S16 Critical Thinking Actions)
- Summary
- CRE Web Site Materials
- Questions, Simulations, and Problems
- Supplementary Reading
- 17. Predicting Conversion Directly from the Residence Time Distribution
- 17.1 Modeling Nonideal Reactors Using the RTD
- 17.2 Zero Adjustable Parameter Models
- 17.3 Using Software Packages Such as Polymath to Find Maximum Mixedness Conversion
- 17.4 Tanks-in-Series One Parameter Model, n
- 17.5 RTD and Multiple Reactions
- 17.6 And Now… A Word from Our Sponsor–Safety 17 (AWFOS–S17 Brief Case History on an Air Preheater)
- Summary
- CRE Web Site Materials
- Questions, Simulations, and Problems
- Supplementary Reading
- 18. Models for Nonideal Reactors
- 18.1 Some Guidelines for Developing Models
- 18.2 Flow and Axial Dispersion of Inert Tracers in Isothermal Reactors
- 18.3 Flow, Reaction, and Axial Dispersion
- 18.4 Flow, Reaction, and Axial Dispersion in Isothermal Laminar-Flow Reactors and Finding Meno
- 18.5 Tanks-in-Series Model versus Dispersion Model
- 18.6 Numerical Solutions to Flows with Dispersion and Reaction
- 18.7 Nonisothermal Flow with Radial and Axial Variations in a Tubular Reactor
- 18.8 Two-Parameter Models—Modeling Real Reactors with Combinations of Ideal Reactors
- 18.9 And Now… A Word from Our Sponsor–Safety 18 (AWFOS–S18 An Algorithm for Management of Change (MoC))
- Summary
- CRE Web Site Materials
- Questions, Simulations, and Problems
- Supplementary Reading
- A. Numerical Techniques
- B. Ideal Gas Constant and Conversion Factors
- C. Thermodynamic Relationships Involving the Equilibrium Constant
- D. Software Packages
- E. Rate-Law Data
- F. Nomenclature
- G. Open-Ended Problems
- H. Use of Computational Chemistry Software Packages
- I. How to Use the CRE Web Resources
- Index
- Credits
Dedicated to
Janet Meadors Fogler
For her companionship, encouragement,
sense of humor, love, and support throughout the years
-
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