Please note that index links to approximate location of each term.

Symbols and Numbers

# (hash mark), 14

$fn parameter, 11–12

&& (and), 98

/* */ (multiline comments), 62

// (single-line comments), 62

[ ] (square brackets), 3

{ } (curly brackets), 13, 17–18, 50–51, 82

|| (or), 98

< > (angle brackets), 83

2D fabrication, 147

2D shapes

overview, 157–158

Boolean operations, 45–47

drawing, 40–45

extruding, 47–50

growing, 51–53

importing, 53–54

shrinking, 51–53

transformation operations, 45–47

visual reference, 167–168

3D design, xxii–xxiii

3D printing, 19–20

3D shapes, 158–159, 166–167

3D-View toolbar, xxiii

A

abstraction, 120

algorithms, 120–121

and (&&) operators, 98

angle brackets (< >), 83

Arduino, 148

arithmetic, 66–69

assert() function, 164

axes, xxii–xxiii

B

best practices

collaboration, 89–91

comments, 62

indentation, 21

module naming, 81

variable naming, 66

Boolean operations

overview, 12–19, 159

2D shapes, 45–47

combining, 98

if statements, 98

if.else statements, 99–100

C

center=true parameters, 8

chess set project, 152–153

children operations, 162

chr() function, 164

circle commands, 40–41, 167

Circuit Playground, 148

city of random skyscrapers project, 113

clock project, 112

code statements, 2

collaboration, 89–91

color transformation, 72, 124, 160

comments, 62

community page, 144

complex conditions, 97–104

computational thinking, 117–118

computing platforms, 148

concat() function, 164

cones, 4–6, 166–167

creative problem-solving, 147

cross-shaped cookie cutter, 80–82

cube commands, 3

cuboids, 3, 166

curly brackets ({ }), 13, 17–18, 50–51, 82

curves, 11–12

cylinder commands, 4–6, 89, 166

D

debugging

difference operations, 14–15

for loops, 65

decomposition, 118

design cycle, 116

design mode, 104–105

design organization, 139–140

detail test project, 75

difference operations, 12–16, 46–47

documentation, 144

donut-like shapes, 49

drawer boxes project, 151–152

.dxf format, 53

E

echo() function, 65, 164

Editor window, 2

else statements, 99–100

emoji shapes, 44

extended if statements, 100–103

F

faces variable, 68

file formats

.dxf format, 53

.stl format, 6–7, 19–20

.svg format, 53

flowerpots project, 150–151

font parameters, 44

for loops

overview, 63–65, 161–162

mathematical operations, 67–68

visual reference, 171

G

Gheorghescu, Marius, 153

GitHub, 91

grids, 69–72

H

hash mark (#), 14

hull operations, 32, 161, 169

I

if statements

overview, 95–97, 161–162

applications of, 104–109

Boolean operators, 98

extended, 100–103

nested, 103–104

order of operations, 98–99

if.else statements, 99–100

import commands, 6–7

indentation, 21

intersection operations, 12, 16–17, 161, 169

is() function, 164

L

lab clamps project, 152

Leaning Tower of Pisa model

design process, 116–121

walking skeleton approach, 122–139

LEGO projects, 86–89, 94

len() function, 164

length parameter, 85

let() function, 164

libraries, 79, 82

linear_extrude operation, 47–49

logical operators, 98

lookup() function, 164

loops

debugging, 65

for loops, 63–65, 67–68, 161–162, 171

nesting, 69–72

visual reference, 171

loops and variables project, 74

M

maker movement, 146–149

mathematical operations, 66–69, 163–164

measuring spoons project, 149–150

micro:bit, 148

minkowski operation, 33

Minkowski sum, 33, 161, 169

mirror operations, 28–30, 160

modifier characters, 162

module keyword, 81

modules

overview, 79–82

naming, 81

parameters, 84–85

modules project, 93

moving shapes, 7–10

multi-file approach, 123

multiline comments, 62

multmatrix operations, 160

N

naming variables, 135

nesting, 69–72, 103–104

numeric values, 45

O

offset operations, 51–53, 160

online citizenship, 146

open source ethos, 144–146

OpenSCAD

overview, xv–xviii, 2–3

resources, 143–144, 155–164

visual reference, 165–171

operators, 98, 157

or (||) operators, 98

ord() function, 164

order of operations, 66, 98–99

organization and development process, 139–140

origins, 3

P

parameters

overview, 2

$fn, 11–12

center=true, 8

font, 44

length, 85

modules, 84–85

order of, 5

scale, 48, 160

size, 44

slices, 47–48

twist, 47

width, 85

patterns, 119–120

Pegboard Wizard, 153

physical computing, 148

pointed cones, 5–6

polygon commands, 41–43

polygons, 167–168

practice projects

2D shapes, 56

chess set, 152–153

city of random skyscrapers, 113

clock, 112

detail test, 75

drawer boxes, 151–152

flowerpots, 150–151

lab clamps, 152

LEGO library, 94

loops and variables, 74

measuring spoons, 149–150

modules, 93

Pegboard Wizard, 153

project box, 58

random forest, 112

skyscraper, 94

storytelling dice, 57

tic-tac-toe game, 76–77

Towers of Hanoi puzzle, 75–76

trophy, 59

vacuum tools, 150

Preview window, 2–3

print mode, 104–105

prisms, 167

problem-solving, 147

project box project, 58

project organization, 139–140

projection operations, 161

Q

quadratic growth, 68

R

random forest project, 112

random numbers, 105–109

rands() function, 106

Raspberry Pi, 148

read-only variables, 163

rectangles, 167

Render mode, 19–20

render operations, 162

repetition, 125–128, 171

resize operations, 30–32, 160, 170

rotate operations, 26–28, 159–160, 170

rotate_extrude operations, 49–50

S

scale parameter, 48, 160

search() function, 164

self-documenting names, 135

semicolons (;), 3

shapes

centering, 8

combining, 12–19, 32–33, 168–169

extruding, 161

moving, 7–10

reflecting, 28–30

rotating, 26–28, 159–160

scaling, 30–32, 160

smoothing, 11–12

transforming, 159–161

See also 2D shapes

shimmering walls, 15–16

single-line comments, 62

size parameter, 44

skins, 32

skyscraper project, 94

slices parameter, 47–48

smoothing shapes, 11–12

sphere commands, 3–4

spheres, 3–4, 166

square brackets ([ ]), 3

square commands, 41–42

statements, 2

.stl format

exporting and, 19–20

importing, 6–7

storytelling dice project, 57

str() function, 45, 164

string of characters, 43

studs, 86

.svg format, 53

syntax, 156

T

terminology, xxi, 155–164

text commands, 43–45, 168

Thingiverse, 91

3D design, xxii–xxiii

3D printing, 19–20

3D shapes, 158–159, 166–167

3D-View toolbar, xxiii

tic-tac-toe game, 76–77

torus, 49

Towers of Hanoi puzzle, 75–76

transformation operations

overview, 25–26

2D shapes, 45–47

combining, 33–35

mirror operations, 28–30, 160

resize operations, 30–32, 160, 170

rotate operations, 26–28, 159–160, 170

rotate_extrude operations, 49–50

visual reference, 170

translate operations, 8–10, 159, 170

triple nesting, 72

trophy project, 59

truncated cones, 5

twist parameter, 47

2D fabrication, 147

2D shapes

overview, 157–158

Boolean operations, 45–47

drawing, 40–45

extruding, 47–50

growing, 51–53

importing, 53–54

shrinking, 51–53

transformation operations, 45–47

visual reference, 167–168

U

union operations, 12, 17–19, 32

use keyword, 83

V

vacuum tools project, 150

variables

overview, 64

mathematical operations, 66–69

naming, 66, 135

read-only, 163

writable, 163

vectors, 3, 9

version() function, 164

vertices, 42

visual reference, 165–171

vocabulary, xxi, 155–164

W

walking skeleton approach, 121, 122–138

width parameter, 85

words, 43–45

writable variables, 163

X

x-, y-, and z-axes, xxii–xxiii