Appendix A

The Bottom Line

Each of The Bottom Line sections in the chapters suggests exercises to deepen skills and understanding. Sometimes there is only one possible solution, but often you are encouraged to use your skills and creativity to create something that builds on what you know and lets you explore one of many possibilities.

Chapter 1: The Basics

  1. Find any Civil 3D object with just a few clicks. By using Prospector to view object data collections, you can minimize the panning and zooming that are part of working in a CAD program. When common subdivisions can have hundreds of parcels or a complex corridor can have dozens of alignments, jumping to the desired one nearly instantly shaves time off everyday tasks.
    1. Master It Open 0103_Example.dwg (0103_Example_METRIC.dwg) from www.sybex.com/go/masteringcivil3d2015, and find parcel number 6 without using any AutoCAD commands or scrolling around on the drawing screen.
    2. Solution
      1. In Toolspace, Prospector tab, expand Sites ROW Parcels.
      2. Right-click Special ROW: 6 and select Zoom To.
  2. Modify the drawing scale and default object layers. Civil 3D understands that the end goal of most drawings is to create hard-copy construction documents. When you set a drawing scale, Civil 3D removes a lot of the mental gymnastics that other programs require when you're sizing text and symbols. When you set object layers for the entire drawing, Civil 3D makes uniformity of drawing files easier than ever to accomplish.
    1. Master It Continue working in the file 0103_Example.dwg (0103_Example_METRIC.dwg). It is not necessary to have completed the previous exercise to continue. Zoom to extents and change the Annotation scale in the Model tab from the 50-scale drawing to a 100-scale drawing. (For metric users, change the scale from 1:250 to 1:1000.)
    2. Solution In the lower-right corner of the application window, select 1″ = 100′ (1:1000) from the Annotation Scale list. Notice the change in size of the annotation to reflect the new scale.
  3. Navigate the ribbon's contextual tabs. As with AutoCAD, the ribbon is the primary interface for accessing Civil 3D commands and features. When you select an AutoCAD Civil 3D object, the ribbon displays commands and features related to that object. If several object types are selected, the Multiple contextual tab is displayed.
    1. Master It Continue working in the file 0103_Example.dwg (0103_Example_METRIC.dwg). It is not necessary to have completed the previous exercise to continue. Using the ribbon interface, access the Alignment properties for QuickStart Alignment and rename it Existing CL.
    2. Solution
      1. Select QuickStart Alignment to display the contextual Alignment tab of the ribbon.
      2. From the Alignment tab Modify panel, click Alignment Properties.
      3. In the Alignment Properties menu, select the Information tab.
      4. Rename the alignment to Existing CL in the Name Section of the tab and click OK.
  4. Create a curve tangent to the end of a line. It's rare that a property stands alone. Often, you must create adjacent properties, easements, or alignments from their legal descriptions.
    1. Master It Open the drawing MasterIt_0101.dwg (MasterIt_0101_METRIC.dwg). Create a curve tangent to the east end of the line labeled in the drawing. The curve should meet the following specifications:
      • Radius: 200.00′ (60 m)
      • Arc Length: 66.58′ (20 m)
    2. Solution
      1. On the Home tab Draw panel Curves Creation drop-down, select Create Curve From End Of Object.
      2. Select the east side of the line that is labeled “Create a curve tangent to this line.”
      3. On the command line, press ↵ to confirm that you will enter a radius value.
      4. On the command line, type 200.00 (60), and then press ↵.
      5. Type L to specify the length, and then press ↵.
      6. Type 66.58 (20), and then press ↵.
  5. Label lines and curves. Although converting linework to parcels or alignments offers you the most robust labeling and analysis options, basic line- and curve-labeling tools are available when conversion isn't appropriate.
    1. Master It Add line and curve labels to each entity created in MasterIt_0101.dwg or MasterIt_0101_METRIC.dwg. It is recommended that you complete the previous exercise so you will have a curve to work with. Choose a label that specifies the bearing and distance for your lines and length, radius, and delta of your curve. Check your final result against the completed file found on the book's web page named MasterIt_0101_FINISHED.dwg (MasterIt_0101_METRIC_FINISHED.dwg).
    2. Solution
      1. Go to the Annotate tab of the ribbon Labels & Tables panel and click the Add Labels button. Then do the following:
        • Set Feature to Line And Curve.
        • Set Label Type to Multiple Segment.
        • Set Line Label Style to Bearing Over Distance.
        • Set Curve Label Style to Distance – Radius And Delta.
      2. Click Add and then select each line and curve by clicking it in the drawing.
  6. The default label should be acceptable. If not, perform the following steps:
    1. Select one of the newly placed labels.
    2. On the Labels: General Segment Label contextual tab Modify panel, click Label Properties.
    3. In the resulting AutoCAD Properties palette, select an alternative label in the General section.

Chapter 2: Survey

  1. Properly collect field data and import it into Civil 3D. Once survey data has been collected, you will want to pull it into Civil 3D via the survey database. This will enable you to create lines and points that correctly reflect your field measurements.
    1. Master It Open MasterIt_0201.dwg, create a new survey database, and import the MasterIt_0201.txt (or MasterIt_0201_METRIC.txt) file into the drawing. The format of this specific file is PENZD (comma-delimited).
    2. Solution
      1. Open MasterIt_0201.dwg (or MasterIt_0201_METRIC.dwg).
      2. On the Survey tab, create a new local survey database.
      3. Right-click Import Events, and click Import Survey Data.
      4. On the Specify Database page of the wizard, select your new database and click Next.
      5. On the Specify Data Source page, configure Data Source Type as Point File, click the plus sign to browse to the MasterIt_0201.txt (or MasterIt_0201_METRIC.txt) file, configure the point file format as PENZD (comma-delimited), and click Next.
      6. On the Specify Network page, click Create New Network to give the new network a name. Select the network and click Next.
      7. On the Import Options page, select Mastering Civil 3D as the current figure prefix database and edit the options to insert both the figures and the points. Click Finish.

        Your drawing should look like MasterIt_0201_FINISHED.dwg (MasterIt_0201_METRIC_FINISHED.dwg), which you can download from this book's web page, www.sybex.com/go/masteringcivil3d2015.

  2. Set up description key and figure databases. Proper setup is key to working successfully with the Civil 3D survey functionality.
    1. Master It Create a new description key set and the following description keys using the default styles. Make sure all description keys are going to layer V-NODE:
      • CL*
      • EOP*
      • TREE*
      • BM*
    2. Change the description key search order so that the new description key set takes precedence over the default.

      Create a figure prefix database called MasterIt containing the following codes:

      • CL
      • EOP
      • BC
    3. Test the new description key set and figure prefix database by importing the file MasterIt_CodeTest_0202.txt (use the same file for both US and metric units). Note that this file is a comma-delimited PNEZD file.
    4. Solution
      1. Open a new drawing based on a Civil 3D template.
      2. On the Settings tab, locate the Description Key Sets branch. Right-click Description Key Sets and select New. Give the description key set a name of your choice and click OK.
      3. Right-click the new description key set and select Edit Keys. Add the description keys, including the asterisk, as shown in the list.
      4. Set the layer for each item in the table to V-NODE.
      5. Close the Description Key Editor and save the drawing.
      6. Right-click Description Key Sets and select Properties.
      7. Move your new description key set to the top of the list using the arrows. Click OK.
      8. In the Toolspace Survey tab, right-click Figure Prefix Databases and select New.
      9. Create a new figure prefix database called MasterIt.
      10. Expand the Figure Prefix Database branch; then right-click the new figure prefix database and select Manage Figure Prefix Database.
      11. Add the required codes to the list. Leave all options as default and click OK.
      12. On the Survey tab, right-click Survey Databases, select New Local Survey Database, and give it a name of your choice. Click OK.
      13. Right-click Import Events and select Import Survey Data. Import the file MasterIt_CodeTest_0202.txt. When importing, verify that the point file format is set to PNEZD (comma delimited) and the current figure prefix database is set to MasterIt. Be sure that Process Linework During Import, Insert Figure Objects, and Insert Survey Points are each set to Yes.

        Your file should now contain linework that reflects your efforts. Compare your work with MasterIt_0202_FINISHED.dwg (MasterIt_0202_METRIC_FINISHED.dwg), which you can download from this book's web page, www.sybex.com/go/masteringcivil3d2015.

  3. Translate surveys from assumed coordinates to known coordinates. Understanding how to manipulate data once it is brought into Civil 3D is important to making your field measurements match your project's coordinate system.
    1. Master It Create a new drawing based on the template of your choice and start a new survey database. Import MasterIt_0203.fbk (or MasterIt_0203_METRIC.fbk). When you import the file, turn on the Insert Network Object option. Translate the database based on the following settings:
      • Base Point 1
      • Rotation Angle of 10.3053º
    2. Solution
      1. Create a new drawing and a new survey database.
      2. Create a new import event and import the MasterIt_0203.fbk (or MasterIt_0203_METRIC.fbk) file into a new network. Turn on the Insert Network Object option.
      3. Right-click the survey database, click Translate Survey Network, and rotate the network based on the point number and rotation you were given.
      4. Save the drawing and leave it open.

        Your drawing should look like MasterIt_0203_FINISHED.dwg (MasterIt_0203_METRIC_FINISHED.dwg), which you can download from this book's web page, www.sybex.com/go/masteringcivil3d2014.

  4. Perform traverse analysis. Traverse analysis is needed for boundary surveys to check for angular accuracy and closure. Civil 3D will generate the reports that you need to capture these results.
    1. Master It Use the survey database and network from the previous “Master It” exercise. Analyze and adjust the traverse using the following criteria:
      • Use an Initial Station value of 2 and an Initial Backsight value of 1.
      • Use the Compass Rule option for Horizontal Adjustment.
      • Use Length Weighted Distribution Method for Vertical Adjustment.
      • Use a Horizontal Closure Limit value of 1:20,000.
      • Use a Vertical Closure Limit value of 1:20,000.
    2. Solution
      1. Continue working in the drawing from the previous “Master It” exercise.
      2. Right-click Traverse and create a new traverse from the four points using the initial station and backsight point numbers given.
      3. Right-click the new traverse, perform a traverse analysis using the method and closure limits given, and apply the changes to the survey database. Click OK to close the Traverse Analysis dialog.

        You can compare your analysis to MasterIt_0204 Balanced Angles.trv, MasterIt_0204 Raw Closure.trv, MasterIt_0204 Vertical Adjustment.trv, and MasterIt_0204.lso (MasterIt_0204_METRIC Balanced Angles.trv, MasterIt_0204_METRIC Raw Closure.trv, MasterIt_0204_METRIC Vertical Adjustment.trv, and MasterIt_0204_METRIC.lso), which you can download from this book's web page, www.sybex.com/go/masteringcivil3d2015.

Chapter 3: Points

  1. Import points from a text file using description key matching. Most engineering offices receive text files containing point data at some time during a project. Description keys provide a way to automatically assign the appropriate styles, layers, and labels to newly imported points.
    1. Master It Open Masterit_0301.dwg (Masterit_0301_METRIC.dwg), which you can download from the book's web page. Revise the Civil 3D description key set to contain only the parameters listed next.
      Code Point style Point label style Format Layer
      GS* Basic Elevation Only Ground Shot V-NODE
      EP* Basic Elevation and Description Road Edge V-NODE
      HYD* Hydrant (existing) Elevation and Description Hydrant V-NODE-WATR
      SW* Basic Elevation and Description Sidewalk V-NODE
      TREE* Tree Elevation and Description Tree V-NODE-TREE

      Import the PENZD (space delimited) file MasterIt_0301.txt (MasterIt_0301_METRIC.txt). Confirm that the description keys made the appropriate matches by looking at a handful of points of each type. Do the trees look like trees? Do the hydrants look like hydrants?

      Save the resulting file for use in the remaining exercises.

    2. Solution
      1. Open Masterit_0301.dwg (Masterit_0301_METRIC.dwg).
      2. Switch to the Settings tab of Toolspace, and under the Point collection locate the description key set called Civil 3D.
      3. Right-click this set and choose Edit Keys.
      4. Delete the first two keys in this set by right-clicking each one and choosing Delete.
      5. Revise the remaining key to match the GS specifications listed under the “Master It” instructions.
      6. Right-click the GS key, and choose Copy.
      7. Edit the copied key to match the name of the first proposed key. Repeat the steps for the remainder of the proposed keys and exit Panorama.
      8. On the Home tab Create Ground Data panel, select Points Point Creation Tools and then click the Import Points button on the toolbar.
      9. Click the white plus icon to add a file to import, and navigate to the MasterIt_0301.txt (MasterIt_0301_METRIC.txt) file and click Open.
      10. Select PENZD (Space Delimited) from the list, check Add Points To Point Group, create a point group with the name of your choosing, and click OK. Click OK again to complete the command.
      11. Zoom extents to see the points.
      12. Save the file and keep it open for use in the next “Master It” exercise.

        Note that each description key parameter (style, label, format, and layer) has been respected. Your hydrants should appear as hydrants on the correct layer, your trees should appear as trees on the correct layer, and so on. Compare your work to MasterIt_0301_FINISHED.dwg (MasterIt_0301_METRIC_FINISHED.dwg).

  2. Create a point group. Building a surface using a point group is a common task. Among other criteria, you may want to filter out any points that tend to have erroneous elevations such as utilities or vegetation.
    1. Master It Create a new point group called Topo that includes all points except those with descriptor code of TREE and HYD. Use the DWG created in the previous “Master It” exercise or start with MasterIt_0301_FINISHED.dwg (MasterIt_0301_METRIC_FINISHED.dwg).
    2. Solution
      1. In Prospector, right-click Point Groups and choose New.
      2. On the Information tab, enter Topo as the name of the new point group.
      3. Switch to the Exclude tab.
      4. Click the With Raw Descriptions Matching check box to turn it on, and enter TREE*, HYD* in the field.
      5. Click OK to close the box.
      6. Save the file.
      7. Compare your work to the file MasterIt_0302_FINISHED.dwg (MasterIt_0302_METRIC_FINISHED.dwg).
  3. Export points to LandXML and ASCII format. It's often necessary to export a LandXML or ASCII file of points for stakeout or data-sharing purposes. Unless you want to export every point from your drawing, it's best to create a point group that isolates the desired point collection.
    1. Master It Create a new point group that includes all the points with a raw description of SW. Export this point group via LandXML and a PENZD comma-delimited text file.

      Use the DWG created in the previous “Master It” exercise or start with MasterIt_0302_FINISHED.dwg (MasterIt_0302_METRIC_FINISHED.dwg).

    2. Solution
      1. In Prospector, right-click Point Groups and choose New.
      2. On the Information tab, enter Sidewalk as the name of the new point group.
      3. Switch to the Include tab.
      4. Select the With Raw Descriptions Matching check box, and type SW* in the field.
      5. Confirm in Prospector that all the points have the description SW, and click OK.
      6. Right-click the Sidewalk point group, and choose Export LandXML.
      7. Click OK in the Export To LandXML dialog.
      8. Choose a location to save your LandXML file, and then click Save.
      9. Navigate to the LandXML file to confirm it was created.
      10. Right-click the Sidewalk point group, and choose Export Points.
      11. Choose the PENZD (comma delimited) format and a destination file, and confirm that the Limit To Points In Point Group check box is selected for the Sidewalk point group. Click OK.
      12. Navigate to the ASCII file to confirm it was created.
      13. Save the file.
      14. Compare your work to the file MasterIt_0303_FINISHED.dwg (MasterIt_0303_METRIC_FINISHED.dwg).
    3. Create a point table. Point tables provide an opportunity to list and study point properties. In addition to basic point tables that list number, elevation, description, and similar options, you can customize point table formats to include user-defined property fields.
      1. Master It Use the DWG created in the previous “Master It” exercise or start with MasterIt_0303_FINISHED.dwg (MasterIt_0303_METRIC_FINISHED.dwg). Create a Centerline point group to include all the centerline points, and create a point table for this point group using the PNEZD format table style.
      2. Solution
        1. In Prospector, right-click Point Groups and choose New.
        2. On the Information tab, enter Centerline as the name of the new point group.
        3. Switch to the Include tab.
        4. Select the With Raw Descriptions Matching check box, and type CL* in the field.
        5. Confirm in Prospector that all the points have the description CL, and click OK.
        6. Change to the Annotate tab of the ribbon, Labels And Tables panel, and select Add Tables Add Point Table.
        7. Choose the PNEZD format for the table style.
        8. Click the Point Groups button, choose the Centerline point group, and click OK. Click OK to insert the table. Leave the defaults as they are.

          The command line prompts you to choose a location for the upper-left corner of the point table.

        9. Choose a location on your screen somewhere to the right of the project.
        10. Zoom in, and confirm your point table.
        11. Compare your work to the file MasterIt_0304_FINISHED.dwg (MasterIt_0304_METRIC_FINISHED.dwg).

Chapter 4: Surfaces

  1. Create an existing ground surface using points. The most common way to create a surface model is by adding point data to the definition of a surface.
    1. Master It Open the MasterIt0401.dwg or the MasterIt0401_METRIC.dwg file. Create a new surface called Existing. Add the point group Topo to its definition. Leave the default styles.
    2. Solution
      1. On the Home tab Create Ground data panel of the ribbon, click Surfaces Create Surface.
      2. Name the surface Existing and click OK.
      3. In Prospector, expand the Surfaces Existing Definition branch.
      4. Right-click Point Groups and select Add.
      5. Select the point group Topo and click OK.
  2. Modify and update a TIN surface. TIN surface creation is mathematically precise, but sometimes the assumptions behind the equations leave something to be desired. By using the editing tools built into Civil 3D, you can create a more realistic surface model.
    1. Master It Continue working in the file from the previous exercise or open the MasterIt0402.dwg or the MasterIt0402_METRIC.dwg file. Use the irregular-shaped polyline and apply it to the surface as an outer boundary of the surface. Make the boundary a destructive breakline.
    2. Solution
      1. Expand the Surfaces Existing Definition branch.
      2. Right-click Boundaries and select the Add option.
      3. Verify that the check box by Non-Destructive Breakline is unchecked and click OK. Select the magenta-colored polyline to complete the boundary addition.
  3. Prepare a slope analysis. Surface analysis tools allow users to view more than contours and triangles in Civil 3D. Engineers working with nontechnical team members can create strong, meaningful, analysis displays to convey important site information using the built-in analysis methods in Civil 3D.
    1. Master It Open the MasterIt0403.dwg or the MasterIt0403_METRIC.dwg file. Create a slope banding analysis showing slopes under and over 10 percent, and insert a dynamic slope legend to help clarify the result of the analysis.
    2. Solution
      1. Select the surface. From the TIN Surface contextual tab Modify panel, click the Surface Properties icon.
      2. On the Information tab, set the Surface Style field to Slope Banding (2D).
      3. Switch to the Analysis tab for the Slopes analysis type.
      4. Set Ranges Number to 2, and then click the Run Analysis arrow.
      5. Change both the maximum slope for ID 1 and the minimum slope for ID 2 to 10 percent.
      6. Click OK to close the Surface Properties dialog.
      7. Select the surface to display the TIN Surface contextual tab.
      8. From the TIN Surface contextual tab Labels & Tables panel, choose Add Legend Table.
      9. Enter S ↵ and then D ↵ at the command line, and pick a placement point on the screen to create a dynamic elevations legend.
  4. Label surface contours and spot elevations. Showing a stack of contours is useless without context. Using the automated labeling tools in Civil 3D, you can create dynamic labels that update and reflect changes to your surface as your design evolves.
    1. Master It Open the MasterIt0404.dwg or the MasterIt0404_METRIC.dwg file. Label the major contours on the surface at 2′ and 10′ (Background) or 1 m and 5 m (Background).
    2. Solution
      1. Select the surface. From the TIN Surface contextual tab Modify panel, click the Surface Properties icon.
      2. On the Information tab, change the style to Contours 2′ and 10′ (Background) or Contours 1 m and 5 m (Background).
      3. Click OK to close the dialog and press Esc to deselect.
      4. From the Annotate tab Labels & Tables panel, click the Add Labels button.
      5. Set Feature to Surface and Label Type to Contour – Multiple.
      6. Set Major Contour Label Style to Existing Major Labels and Minor Contour Label Style to <none>.
      7. Click Add.
      8. Pick a point on one side of the site, and draw a contour label line across the entire site. Press Esc to exit the command.
  5. Import a point cloud into a drawing and create a surface model. As laser scan data collection becomes more common and replaces other large-scale data-collection methods, the ability to use point clouds in Civil 3D is critical. Intensity helps postprocessing software determine the ground cover type. While Civil 3D can't do postprocessing, you can see the intensity as part of the point cloud style.
    1. Master It Import an LAS format point cloud file (MasterIt0405_Denver.las) into the Civil 3D template (with a coordinate system) of your choice. As you create the point cloud file, set the style to Elevation Ranges. Use a portion of the file to create a Civil 3D surface model. No coordinate system needs to be set for this example.
    2. Solution
      1. Start a new file by using the default Civil 3D template of your choice. Save the file before proceeding as MasterIt0405_DenverUSA.dwg.
      2. In Prospector, right-click Point Clouds and select the Create Point Cloud option to display the Create Point Cloud Wizard.
      3. Set the name of the point cloud to Denver.
      4. Set the point cloud style to Elevation Ranges, and click the Next button.
      5. Use the white plus sign to browse to the LAS file.
      6. Select MasterIt0405_Denver.las and click Open. Click Finish.

        This file contains 4.7 million data points, so be patient while the file imports.

      7. When the point cloud has completed processing, zoom extents. Select the bounding box representing the point cloud to display the Point Cloud contextual tab.
      8. Select the Add Points To Surface command.
      9. Name the surface, set a surface style, and click the Next button.
      10. Choose the Window radio button, and click Define Region In Drawing.
      11. Define the region by creating a window around the western half of the point cloud.
      12. Click Next to see the Summary page, and click the Finish button. Close Panorama. Due to the large size of point cloud files, no finished drawing is available on the web page.

Chapter 5: Parcels

  1. Create parcels from objects. The first step in any parceling project is to create an outer boundary for the site together with all the known linework.
    1. Master It Open the Masterit_0501.dwg (Masterit_0501_METRIC.dwg) file, which you can download from www.sybex.com/go/masteringcivil3d2015. Convert the polyline segments to parcels and place them in the Subdivision Lots site.
    2. Solution
      1. From the Home tab Create Design panel, select Parcel Create Parcel From Objects.
      2. At the Select lines, arcs, or polylines to convert into parcels or [Xref]: prompt, pick all polylines in the drawing either by picking them one by one or by using a selection window and pressing ↵.

        The Create Parcels – From Objects dialog appears.

      3. Create a new site by using the drop-down menu options within the dialog, and name it Subdivision Lots. Click OK to dismiss the Site Properties dialog. From the drop-down menus, select Subdivision Lots, Property, and Parcel Name in the Site, Parcel Style, and Area Label Style selection boxes, respectively.

        Keep the default values for the remaining options.

      4. Click OK to dismiss the dialog.
      5. Save the drawing but keep it open for the next exercise. If you would like to see what the drawing should look like at this point, you can open Masterit_0501_FINISHED.dwg (Masterit_0501_METRIC_FINISHED.dwg), available from the book's website.
  2. Create a right-of-way parcel using the right-of-way tool. For many projects, the ROW parcel serves as frontage for subdivision parcels. For straightforward sites, the automatic Create ROW tool provides a quick way to create this parcel.
    1. Master It Continue working in the Masterit_0501.dwg (Masterit_0501_METRIC.dwg) file or you can open Masterit_0501_FINISHED.dwg (Masterit_0501_METRIC_FINISHED.dwg), available from the book's website. Create a ROW parcel that is offset by 30′ (10 m) on either side of the road centerline with no fillets at boundary ends. Then clean up the ROW parcel area on each side of the alignment at the ends. Note: The south side parcel represents the existing main road ROW.
    2. Solution
      1. Since the alignment is not part of the Subdivision Lots site, it will need to be moved from siteless mode to the desired site. Therefore, move it to the Subdivision Lots site either by selecting in the drawing, right-clicking, choosing the Move To Site option, and selecting the previously mentioned site, or by using the Prospector options for the alignment.
      2. From the Home tab Create Design panel, select Parcel Create Right Of Way.
      3. At the Select parcels: prompt, pick the area labels of your newly created parcels.
      4. Press ↵ to stop picking parcels.

        The Create Right Of Way dialog appears.

      5. Expand the Create Parcel Right Of Way branch, and enter 30′ (10 m) in the Offset From Alignment text Value field.
      6. Expand the Cleanup At Parcel Boundaries branch.
      7. Select None from the drop-down menu in the Cleanup Method selection box.
      8. Expand the Cleanup At Alignment Intersections branch. Verify that Cleanup Method is set to None.
      9. Click OK to dismiss the dialog and create the ROW parcels.
      10. From the Home tab Create Design panel, select Parcel Creation Tools. Click the Delete Sub-Entity tool and pick to delete on the North side the two segments inside the ROW and on the south side the parcel segments representing the extension of the alignment ROW inside the existing ROW.
      11. Save the drawing but keep it open for the next exercise. If you would like to see what the drawing should look like at this point, you can open Masterit_0502_FINISHED.dwg (Masterit_0502_METRIC_FINISHED.dwg), available from the book's website.
  3. Create subdivision lots automatically by layout. The biggest challenge when creating a subdivision plan is optimizing the number of lots. The precise sizing parcel tools provide a means to automate this process.
    1. Master It Continue working in the previous drawing or open Masterit_0502_FINISHED.dwg (Masterit_0502_METRIC_FINISHED.dwg), available from the book's website. Create a series of lots with a minimum of 10,890 sq. ft. (1,012 m2) and 90′ (30 m) frontage on each side of the ROW beginning at existing ROW and ending at the ROW intersection with the southeast segments of the two north parcels. Set the Use Minimum Frontage At Offset option to No, and redistribute the remainder and set the Minimum Depth and Width values to 50′ (15 m). Leave all other options at their defaults.
    2. Solution
      1. From the Home tab's Create Design panel, select Parcel Parcel Creation Tools.
      2. Expand the Parcel Layout Tools toolbar.
      3. Change the value of the following parameters by clicking in the Value column and typing in the new values:
        • Minimum Area: 10,890 sq. ft. (1,012 square meters)
        • Minimum Frontage: 90′ (30 m)
      4. Change the following parameters by clicking in the Value column and selecting the appropriate option from the drop-down menu:
        • Minimum Frontage at Offset: No
        • Minimum Width: 50′ (15m)
        • Minimum Depth: 50′ (15m)
        • Automatic Mode: On
        • Remainder Distribution: Redistribute Remainder
      5. Click the Slide Line – Create tool.

        The Create Parcels – Layout dialog appears.

      6. Select Subdivision, Property, and Parcel Name from the drop-down menus in the Site, Parcel Style, and Area Label Style selection boxes, respectively.

        Keep the default values for the rest of the options.

      7. Click OK to dismiss the dialog.
      8. At the Select Parcel to be subdivided or [Pick]: prompt, pick the west parcel neighboring the ROW by selecting its area label.
      9. At the Select start point on frontage: prompt, use your Endpoint Osnap to pick the point on the existing ROW where the west proposed ROW begins.

        The parcel jig appears.

      10. Move your cursor slowly along the ROW parcel segment, and notice that the parcel jig follows the segment.
      11. At the Select end point on frontage: prompt, select the point on the proposed ROW where this ROW parcel meets the southeast line of the north parcel.
      12. At the Specify angle or [Bearing aZimuth]: prompt, type 90 and press ↵. If you receive the message No Solution Found on your command line, try again. This may mean you snapped to the wrong spot.
      13. At the Accept Result? prompt, press ↵ to accept the lot layout. Press Esc twice to exit the command.
      14. Repeat the steps from 8 to 13 for the east side parcel, with start point at the point on the existing ROW where the east side ROW begins and the end point at the point where the east side ROW meets the southeast segment of the north parcel on this side.
      15. Save the drawing but keep it open for the next exercise. If you would like to see what the drawing should look like at this point, you can open Masterit_0503_FINISHED.dwg (Masterit_0503_METRIC_FINISHED.dwg), available from the book's website.
  4. Add multiple-parcel segment labels. Every subdivision plat must be appropriately labeled. You can quickly label parcels with their bearings, distances, direction, and more using the segment labeling tools.
    1. Master It Continue working in the previous drawing, or you can open Masterit_0503_FINISHED.dwg (Masterit_0503_METRIC_FINISHED.dwg), available from the book's website. Place Bearing Over Distance labels on every parcel line segment and Delta Over Length And Radius labels on every parcel curve segment using the Multiple Segment Labeling tool.
    2. Solution
      1. From the Annotate tab Labels & Tables panel, select Add Labels Parcel Add Parcel Labels.
      2. From the drop-down menus, in the Add Labels dialog, select Multiple Segment, Bearing Over Distance, and Delta Over Length And Radius in the Label Type, Line Label Style, and Curve Label Style selection boxes, respectively.
      3. Click Add.
      4. At the Select parcel to be labeled by clicking on area label: prompt, pick the area label for each of your single-family parcels. After each pick, press ↵ to accept Clockwise as the default.
      5. Save the drawing. If you would like to see what the drawing should look like at this point, you can open Masterit_0504_FINISHED.dwg (Masterit_0504_METRIC_FINISHED.dwg), available from the book's website.

Chapter 6: Alignments

  1. Create an alignment from an object. Creating alignments based on polylines is a traditional method of building engineering models. With built-in tools for conversion, correction, and alignment reversal, it's easy to use the linework prepared by others to start your design model. These alignments lack the intelligence of crafted alignments, however, and you should use them sparingly.
    1. Master It Open the Masterit_0601.dwg (Masterit_0601_METRIC.dwg) file, and create alignments from the linework found there, having as alignment style the Layout style, using the All Labels label set, and making sure that the source objects are erased.
    2. Solution
      1. From the Home tab Create Design panel, choose Alignment Create Alignment From Objects.
      2. When prompted to select objects, pick the lines and arc; then press Enter twice to complete the selection process and accept the alignment direction. Make sure that the alignment direction follows the direction of the arrow next to the Start Here annotation.
      3. In the Create Alignment From Objects dialog, verify that Alignment Label Set is set to All Labels and Alignment Style is set to Layout.
      4. Uncheck the Add Curves Between Tangents option, but make sure that the Erase Existing Entities option is checked, and click OK.
  2. Create a reverse curve that never loses tangency. Using the alignment layout tools, you can build intelligence into the objects you design. One of the most common errors introduced into engineering designs is curves and lines that aren't tangent, requiring expensive revisions and resubmittals. The free, floating, and fixed components can make smart alignments in a large number of combinations available to solve almost any design problem.
    1. Master It Open the Masterit_0602.dwg (Masterit_0602_METRIC.dwg) file, and create an alignment using the linework on the right as a guide. Create a reverse curve with both radii equal to 200 (or 60 for metric users) and with a pass-through point at the intersection of the two arcs.
    2. Solution
      1. From the Home tab Create Design panel, choose Alignment Alignment Creation Tools.
      2. In the Create Alignment - Layout dialog, accept the defaults and click OK to display the Alignment Layout Tools toolbar.
      3. Use the Fixed Line (Two Points) tool to trace both lines and press ↵ when complete to end the command.
      4. Use the Floating Curve (From Entity, Radius, Through Point) tool to draw an arc from the endpoint of the west line with a radius of 200 (or 60 for metric users) and the Curve Solution Angle to be less than 180 with a pass-through point at the intersection of the two sketched arcs.
      5. Press ↵ when complete to end the command.
      6. Use the Free Curve Fillet (Between Two Entities, Radius) tool to fillet the floating curve created in the previous step and the last fixed segment with a reverse curve with a radius of 200 (or 60 for metric users) and Curve Solution Angle of less than 180.
      7. Close the Alignment Layout Tools toolbar.
  3. Replace a component of an alignment with another component type. One of the goals in using a dynamic modeling solution is to find better solutions, not just the first solution. In the layout of alignments, this can mean changing components along the design path or changing the way they're defined. The ability of Civil 3D to modify alignments' geometric construction without destroying the object or forcing a new definition lets you experiment without destroying the data already based on an alignment.
    1. Master It Convert the first curve along the alignment in the Masterit_0603.dwg (Masterit_0603_METRIC.dwg) file to a floating arc that is constrained by the next segment. Then change the radius of the curves to 150 (or 45 for metric users). Make sure that the tangency is maintained all across the alignment.
    2. Solution
      1. Select the alignment to activate the Alignment contextual tab.
      2. From the Alignment contextual tab Modify panel, choose Geometry Editor to display the Alignment Layout Tools toolbar.
      3. Select the Alignment Grid View tool.
      4. Starting with the first segment, click in the Tangency Constraint field and change it to Constrained By Next (Floating).
      5. Repeat for the other segments except the last one, which cannot be modified because it is dependent on the previous constraint.
      6. Change the radii of the two curves to 150 (or 45 for metric users). Close Panorama and toolbar when finished.
  4. Create alignment tables. Sometimes there is just too much information displayed on a drawing, and to make it clearer, tables are used to show bearings and distances for lines, curves, and segments. With their dynamic nature, these tables are kept up to date with any changes.
    1. Master It Open the Masterit_0604.dwg (Masterit_0604_METRIC.dwg) file, and generate a line table, a curve table, and a segment table. Use whichever style you want to accomplish this.
    2. Solution For lines:
      1. Select the alignment to activate the Alignment contextual tab.
      2. From the Alignment contextual tab Labels & Tables panel, choose Add Labels Multiple Segment and select the alignment. Press Enter to end the selection process.
      3. On the Alignment contextual tab Labels & Tables panel, choose Add Tables Add Line.
      4. Using the Pick On-Screen button at the bottom of the dialog, select the line segment labels of the alignment. Press Enter to end the selection process.

        If a warning comes up regarding child styles, select the Convert All Selected Label Styles To Tag mode.

      5. Click OK to accept the settings in the dialog.
      6. Place the table anywhere on your drawing. The bearings and distances are now replaced by tag labels.
    3. For curves:
      1. If not done during the lines portion of the exercise, select the alignment, and on the Alignment contextual tab Labels & Tables panel, choose Add Labels Multiple Segments and select the alignment. Press Enter to end the selection process.
      2. From the Alignment contextual tab Labels & Tables panel, select Add Tables Add Curve.
      3. Using the Pick On-Screen button at the bottom of the dialog, select the curve segment labels of the alignment. Press Enter to end the selection process.

        If a warning comes up regarding child styles, select the Convert All Selected Label Styles To Tag mode.

      4. Click OK to accept the settings in the dialog.
      5. Place the table anywhere on your drawing. The bearings and distances are now replaced by tag labels.
    4. For segments:
      1. If not done during the lines portion of the exercise, select the alignment, and on the Alignment contextual tab Labels & Tables panel, choose Add Labels Multiple Segments and select the alignment.
      2. From the Alignment contextual tab Labels & Tables panel, choose Add Tables Add Segment.
      3. In the By Alignment section, select the alignment you want to label and click OK.
      4. Place the table anywhere on your drawing. The bearings and distances are now replaced by tag labels.

        If a warning comes up regarding child styles, select the Convert All Selected Label Styles To Tag mode.

Chapter 7: Profiles and Profile Views

  1. Sample a surface profile with offset samples. Using surface data to create dynamic sampled profiles is an important advantage of working with a three-dimensional model. Quick viewing of various surface centerlines and grip-editing alignments makes for an effective preliminary planning tool. Combined with offset data to meet review agency requirements, profiles are robust design tools in Civil 3D.
    1. Master It Open the MasterIt_0701.dwg (MasterIt_0701_METRIC.dwg) file and sample the ground surface along Alignment A, along with offset values at 15′ left and 15′ right (or 4.5 m left and 4.5 m right) of the alignment. Generate a profile view showing this information using the Major Grids profile view style with no data band sets.
    2. Solution
      1. From the Home tab Create Design panel, choose Profile Create Surface Profile.
      2. Verify that Alignment A and the EG surface are selected and then click the Add button to add the EG surface.
      3. Check the Sample Offsets check box and enter 15, -15 (or 4.5, -4.5 for metric users) in the box below the sample offsets and then click the Add button.
      4. Click the Draw In Profile View button to open the Create Profile View Wizard.
      5. On the General page of the wizard, verify that the profile view style is set to Major Grids.
      6. On the Data Bands wizard page, verify that Select Band Set is set to _No Bands.
      7. Click the Create Profile View button.
      8. Place the profile anywhere on the drawing.
      9. Save the drawing but keep it open for the next exercise. If you would like to see what the drawing should look like at this point, you can open MasterIt_0701_FINISHED.dwg (MasterIt_0701_METRIC_FINISHED.dwg), available from the book's website.
  2. Lay out a design profile on the basis of a table of data. Many programs and designers work by creating pairs of station and elevation data. The tools built into Civil 3D let you input this data precisely and quickly.
    1. Master It Continue in the previous file or open MasterIt_0701_FINISHED.dwg (MasterIt_0701_METRIC_FINISHED.dwg). Create a layout profile on Alignment A using the Layout profile style and a complete label set with the following information for Imperial users.
      Station PVI Elevation Curve Length
      0+00 822.00
      1+80 825.60 300′
      6+50 800.80
    2. Or use the following information for metric users:

      Station PVI Elevation Curve Length
      0+000 250.400
      0+062 251.640 100 m
      0+250 244.840
    3. Solution
      1. Create a surface profile for Alignment A and generate a profile view (if not done in the previous example) or use the MasterIt_0701_FINISHED.dwg (MasterIt_0701_METRIC_FINISHED.dwg) file.
      2. From the Home tab Create Design panel, choose Profile Profile Creation Tools.
      3. Select a grid line on the profile view that shows the surface profile. The Create Profile – Draw New dialog will open.
      4. Verify that Profile Style is set to Layout and Profile Label Set is set to Complete Label Set.
      5. Click OK to dismiss the Create Profile – Draw New dialog.
      6. In the Profile Layout Tools toolbar, set the Length value of the Curve settings to the specified curve length.
      7. Use the Draw Tangents With Curves button and the Transparent Commands toolbar to enter station elevation data.
      8. Once you've finished, close the toolbar and, if needed, move the labels to be legible.
      9. Save the drawing but keep it open for the next exercise. If you would like to see what the drawing should look like at this point, you can open MasterIt_0702_FINISHED.dwg (MasterIt_0702_METRIC_FINISHED.dwg), available from the book's website.
  3. Add and modify individual entities in a design profile. The ability to delete, modify, and edit the individual components of a design profile while maintaining the relationships is an important concept in the 3D modeling world. Tweaking the design allows you to pursue a better solution, not just a working solution.
    1. Master It Continue in the previous file or open MasterIt_0702_FINISHED.dwg (MasterIt_0702_METRIC_FINISHED.dwg). For the layout profile created in the previous exercise, modify the curve so that it is 200′ (or 60 m for metric users). Then insert a PVI at Station 4+90, Elevation 794.60 (or at Station 0+150, Elevation 242.840 for metric users) and add a 300′ (or 96 m for metric users) parabolic vertical curve at the newly created PVI.
    2. Solution
      1. Continue in the drawing you have open from the previous exercise or open the MasterIt_0702_FINISHED.dwg (MasterIt_0702_METRIC_FINISHED.dwg) file. Pick the Design profile, and from the Profile contextual tab Modify Profile panel, select the Geometry Editor button.
      2. In the Profile Layout Tools toolbar, select the Profile Grid View button.
      3. In the Profile Entities tab of Panorama, change the Profile Curve Length field to 200 (or 60 for metric users).
      4. In the Profile Layout Tools toolbar, select the Insert PVI button.
      5. Using the Profile Station Elevation transparent command, select the profile grid, and enter 490 for the station and 794.60 for the elevation (or 150 for the station and 242.840 for the elevation for metric users). Press Esc twice.
      6. Back in the Profile Layout Tools toolbar, click the drop-down arrow next to the Vertical Curve Creation button and select More Free Vertical Curves Free Vertical Parabola (PVI Based).
      7. Pick the newly created PVI and enter 300 (or 96 for metric users) for Curve Length. Press ↵ twice.
      8. Close the Profile Grid View and the toolbar, and save the drawing but keep it open for the next exercise. If you would like to see what the drawing should look like at this point, you can open MasterIt_0703_FINISHED.dwg (MasterIt_0703_METRIC_FINISHED.dwg), available from the book's website.
  4. Apply a standard band set. Standardization of appearance is one of the major benefits of using styles in labeling. By applying band sets, you can quickly create plot-ready profile views that have the required information for review.
    1. Master It Continue in the previous file or open MasterIt_0703_FINISHED.dwg (MasterIt_0703_METRIC_FINISHED.dwg). Apply the Cut And Fill band set to the layout profile created in the previous exercise with the appropriate profiles referenced in each of the bands.
    2. Solution
      1. Continue in the drawing you have open from the previous exercise or open the MasterIt_0703_FINISHED.dwg (MasterIt_0703_METRIC_FINISHED.dwg) file, pick a grid line in the profile view, and from the Profile View contextual tab Modify View panel, choose Profile View Properties to display the Profile View Properties dialog.
      2. On the Bands tab, click Import Band Set, and select the Cut And Fill band set. Click OK.
      3. Select Bottom Of Profile View from the Location drop-down list.
      4. Scroll over and change Profile2 to Layout (1) for both rows.
      5. Select Top Of Profile View from the Location drop-down list.
      6. Scroll over and change Profile2 to Layout (1).
      7. Click OK to apply the settings.
      8. Save the drawing. If you would like to see what the drawing should look like at this point, you can open MasterIt_0704_FINISHED.dwg (MasterIt_0704_METRIC_FINISHED.dwg), available from the book's website.

Chapter 8: Assemblies and Subassemblies

  1. Create a typical road assembly with lanes, curbs, gutters, and sidewalks. Most corridors are built to model roads. The most common assembly used in these road corridors is some variation of a typical road section consisting of lanes, curbs, gutters, and sidewalks.
    1. Master It Create a new drawing from either the Civil 3D metric or Imperial template. Build a symmetric assembly using LaneSuperelevationAOR, UrbanCurbGutterValley2, and LinkWidthAndSlope for terrace and buffer strips adjacent to the UrbanSidewalk. Use widths and slopes of your choosing.
    2. Solution
      1. Create a new drawing from the DWT of your choice.
      2. From the Home tab Create Design panel, choose Assembly Create Assembly.
      3. Name your assembly and set styles as appropriate. Click OK.
      4. Pick a location in your drawing for the assembly.
      5. Locate the Lanes tab on the Tool Palettes window.
      6. Click the LaneSuperelevationAOR button on the Lanes tab.
      7. Use the AutoCAD Properties palette to edit the subassembly parameters, and follow the command-line prompts to set the LaneSuperelevationAOR on the left and right sides of your assembly.
      8. Repeat the process with UrbanCurbGutterValley2, LinkWidthAndSlope, and UrbanSidewalk.
      9. Complete this portion of the exercise by placing a final LinkWidthAndSlope on the outside of the UrbanSidewalk.
      10. Save the drawing for use in the next “Master It” exercise.
  2. Edit an assembly. Once an assembly has been created, it can be easily edited to reflect a design change. Often, at the beginning of a project you won't know the final lane width. You can build your assembly and corridor model with one lane width and then change the width and rebuild the model immediately.
    1. Master It Working in the drawing from the preceding exercise, edit the width of each LaneSuperelevationAOR to 14(4.3 m), and change the cross slope of each LaneSuperelevationAOR to -3.00%.
    2. Solution
      1. Select the right lane subassembly. Be sure this is the only element selected.
      2. From the Subassemblies contextual tab Modify Subassembly panel, choose Subassembly Properties.
      3. On the Parameters tab, change the width to 14(4.3 m). Note that width will be listed twice.
      4. Change the Default Slope to -3.00%.
      5. Repeat for the left lane subassembly. Save the drawing for use in the next “Master It” exercise.
  3. Add daylighting to a typical road assembly. Often, the most difficult part of a designer's job is figuring out how to grade the area between the last engineered structure point in the cross section (such as the back of a sidewalk) and the existing ground. An extensive catalog of daylighting subassemblies can assist you with this task.
    1. Master It Working in the drawing from the preceding exercise, add the DaylightMinWidth subassembly to both sides of your typical road assembly. Establish a minimum width between the outermost subassembly and the daylight offset of 10′ (3 m).
    2. Solution
      1. Locate the Daylight tab on the tool palette.
      2. Click the DaylightMinWidth button on the tool palette.
      3. Use the AutoCAD Properties palette to verify that Min Width is set to 10′ (3 m).
      4. Follow the command-line prompts to set the DaylightMinWidth on the right and left sides of your assembly.
      5. Press Esc on your keyboard to complete the command.

        You should now have daylighting subassemblies visible on both sides of your assembly. To see what the drawing should look like at this point, you can open 0807_MasteringAssemblies_FINISHED.dwg or 0807_MasteringAssemblies_METRIC_FINISHED.dwg.

Chapter 9: Basic Corridors

  1. Build a single baseline corridor from an alignment, profile, and assembly. Corridors are created from the combination of alignments, profiles, and assemblies. Although corridors can be used to model many things, most corridors are used for road design.
    1. Master It Open the MasterIt_0909.dwg or MasteringIt_0909_METRIC.dwg file. Build a corridor named Corridor A on the basis of the Alignment A alignment, the FG profile, and the Basic Assembly. Set all frequencies to 10′ (or 3 m for metric users).
    2. Solution
      1. From the Home tab Create Design panel, choose Corridor.
      2. In the Name text box, name your corridor Corridor A.

        Keep the default values for Corridor Style and Corridor Layer.

      3. Verify that Alignment is set to Alignment A and Profile is set to FG.
      4. Verify that Assembly is set to Basic Assembly.
      5. Verify that Target Surface is set to EG surface.
      6. Verify that Set Baseline And Region Parameters is checked.
      7. Click OK to accept the settings in the Create Corridor dialog and to display the Baseline And Region Parameters dialog.
      8. Click the Set All Frequencies button to display the Frequency To Apply Assemblies dialog.
      9. Change the value for all of the frequencies to 10′ (or 3 m for metric users).
      10. Click OK to accept the settings in the Frequency To Apply Assemblies dialog.
      11. Click OK to accept the settings in the Baseline And Region Parameters dialog.
      12. You may receive a dialog warning that the corridor definition has been modified. If you do, select the Rebuild The Corridor option.

        A finished copy of this drawing is available from the book's web page with the filename MasterIt_0909_FINISHED.dwg or MasterIt_0909_METRIC_FINISHED.dwg.

  2. Use targets to add lane widening. Targets are an essential design tool used to manipulate the geometry of the road.
    1. Master It Open the MasterIt_0910.dwg or MasterIt_0910_METRIC.dwg file. Set Right Lane to target Alignment A-Right.
    2. Solution
      1. Select the corridor, and from the Corridor contextual tab Modify Corridor panel choose Corridor Properties icon.
      2. On the Parameters tab, in the Targets column in the baseline row, click the ellipsis button to display the Target Mapping dialog.
      3. In the Target Mapping dialog, click <None> in the Width Alignment row for Right Assembly Group to display the Set Width Or Offset Target dialog.
      4. Select Alignment A-Right and click Add.
      5. Click OK to dismiss the Set Width Or Offset Target dialog.
      6. Click OK to accept the settings in the Target Mapping dialog.
      7. Click OK to accept the settings in the Corridor Properties dialog and allow the corridor to rebuild.

        A finished copy of this drawing is available from the book's web page with the filename MasterIt_0910_FINISHED.dwg or MasterIt_0910_METRIC_FINISHED.dwg.

  3. Create a corridor surface. The corridor model can be used to build a surface. This corridor surface can then be analyzed and annotated to produce finished road plans.
    1. Master It Open the MasterIt_0911.dwg or MasterIt_0911_METRIC.dwg file. Create a corridor surface for the Alignment A corridor from Top links. Name the surface Corridor A-Top.
    2. Solution
      1. Select the corridor and from the Corridor contextual tab Modify Corridor panel, choose Corridor Properties icon.
      2. On the Surfaces tab, click the Create A Corridor Surface button in the upper-left corner of the dialog.
      3. Click the surface item under the Name column and change the default name of your surface to Corridor A-Top.
      4. Verify that Links has been selected from the drop-down list in the Data Type selection box.
      5. Verify that Top has been selected from the drop-down list in the Specify Code selection box.
      6. Click the Add Surface Item button to add Top Links to the surface definition.
      7. Click OK to accept the settings in the dialog; then choose Rebuild The Corridor when prompted.

        The corridor and surface will build.

        A finished copy of this drawing is available from the book's web page with the filename MasterIt_0911_FINISHED.dwg or MasterIt_0911_METRIC_FINISHED.dwg.

  4. Add an automatic boundary to a corridor surface. A surface can be improved with the addition of a boundary. Single-baseline corridors can take advantage of automatic boundary creation.
    1. Master It Open the MasterIt_0912.dwg or MasterIt_0912_METRIC.dwg file. Use the Automatic Boundary Creation tool to add a boundary using the Daylight code.
    2. Solution
      1. Select the corridor, and from the Corridor contextual tab Modify Corridor panel choose the Corridor Properties icon and switch to the Boundaries tab.
      2. Right-click the surface entry and choose Add Automatically Daylight. Click Daylight to continue.
      3. Click OK to accept the settings in the dialog; then choose Rebuild The Corridor when prompted.

        The corridor and surface will build.

        A finished copy of this drawing is available from the book's web page with the filename MasterIt_0912_FINISHED.dwg or MasterIt_0912_METRIC_FINISHED.dwg.

Chapter 10: Advanced Corridors, Intersections, and Roundabouts

  1. Create corridors with non-centerline baselines. Although for simple corridors you may think of a baseline as a road centerline, other elements of a road design can be used as a baseline. In the case of a cul-de-sac, the EOP, the top of curb, or any other appropriate feature can be converted to an alignment and profile and used as a baseline.
    1. Master It Open the MasterIt1001.dwg (MasterIt1001_METRIC.dwg) file, which you can download from www.sybex.com/go/masteringcivil3d2015. Add the cul-de-sac alignment and profile to the corridor as a baseline. Create a region under this baseline that applies the Intersection Typical assembly.
    2. Solution
      1. Select the corridor. From the Corridor contextual tab Modify Corridor panel, click Corridor Properties.
      2. Switch to the Parameters tab.
      3. Click Add Baseline, choose Cul de Sac EOP in the Create Corridor Baseline dialog, and click OK.
      4. In the Profile column, click inside the <Click here…> box, choose Cul de Sac EOP FG in the Select A Profile dialog, and click OK.
      5. Right-click the new baseline, and choose Add Region.
      6. Select Intersection Typical in the Create Corridor Region dialog and click OK.
      7. Click OK to leave the Corridor Properties dialog and rebuild the corridor.

        An example of the finished exercise can be found in MasterIt1001_SolutionA.dwg (MasterIt1001_SolutionA_METRIC.dwg) on the book's web page.

  2. Add alignment and profile targets to a region for a cul-de-sac. Adding a baseline isn't always enough. Some corridor models require the use of targets. In the case of a cul-de-sac, the lane elevations are often driven by the cul-de-sac centerline alignment and profile.
    1. Master It Continue working in the MasterIt1001.dwg (MasterIt1001_METRIC.dwg) file. You need to have completed the previous exercise before continuing. Add the Second Road alignment and Second Road FG profile as targets to the cul-de-sac region. Adjust Assembly Application Frequency to 5′ (1 m) for tangents and curves.
    2. Solution
      1. Select the corridor. From the Corridor contextual tab Modify Corridor panel, click Corridor Properties.
      2. In the Corridor Properties dialog, switch to the Parameters tab.
      3. Click the Target Mapping button in the RG – Intersection Typical region.
      4. In the Target Mapping dialog:
        • Assign Second Road as Width Alignment for Lane – L.
        • Assign Second Road FG profile as Outside Elevation Profile.
        • Click OK.
      5. Click OK to leave the Target Mapping dialog.
      6. Click the Frequency button in the same region.
      7. Change the Curve Increment value to 5′ (1 m).
      8. Click OK to exit the Frequency To Apply Assemblies dialog.
      9. Click OK to leave the Corridor Properties dialog and rebuild the corridor.

        An example of the finished exercise can be found in MasterIt1001_SolutionB.dwg (MasterIt1001_SolutionB_METRIC.dwg) on the book's web page.

  3. Create a surface from a corridor and add a boundary. Every good surface needs a boundary to prevent bad triangulation. Bad triangulation creates inaccurate contours and can throw off volume calculations later in the process. Civil 3D provides several tools for creating corridor surface boundaries, including an Interactive Boundary tool.
    1. Master It You need to have completed the previous exercise before continuing. Keep working in the MasterIt1001.dwg (MasterIt1001_METRIC.dwg) file. Create an interactive corridor surface boundary for the entire corridor model.
    2. Solution
      1. Select the corridor. From the Corridor contextual tab Modify Corridor panel, click Corridor Properties.
      2. In the Corridor Properties dialog, switch to the Boundaries tab.
      3. Select the corridor surface, right-click, and choose Add Interactively.
      4. Follow the command-line prompts to add a boundary based on feature lines all the way around the entire corridor.
      5. Type C ↵ to close the boundary and end the command.
      6. Click OK to leave the Corridor Properties dialog and rebuild the corridor.

        An example of the finished exercise can be found in MasterIt1001_SolutionC.dwg (MasterIt1001_SolutionC_METRIC.dwg) on the book's web page.

Chapter 11: Superelevation

  1. Add superelevation to an alignment. Civil 3D has convenient and flexible tools that will apply safe, correct superelevation to an alignment curve.
    1. Master It Open the MasterIt1101.dwg (MasterIt1101_METRIC.dwg) file, which you can download from www.sybex.com/go/masteringcivil3d2015. Verify that the design speed of the road is 20 miles per hour (35 km per hour) and apply superelevation to the entire length of the alignment. Use AASHTO 2004 design criteria with an eMax of 6% 2-Lane. Use the option to automatically resolve overlap. For the remainder of the options, use the default settings unless otherwise directed.
    2. Solution
      1. Select the alignment. From the Alignment contextual tab Modify panel, choose Alignment Properties.
      2. On the Design Criteria tab, verify that there is a check mark next to Use Criteria-Based Design.
      3. Set the design criteria file using the ellipsis and the Minimum Radius Table to use eMax of 6% on the right side of the dialog.
      4. Verify that the design speed is set to 20 mph (35 km/h) on the left side, and click OK.
      5. From the Alignment contextual tab, click Superelevation Calculate/Edit Superelevation.
      6. Click Calculate Superelevation Now.
      7. Step through the Superelevation Wizard, taking all the defaults for Roadway Type, Lanes, and Shoulder Control.
      8. On the Attainment page, place a check mark next to Automatically Resolve Overlap. Click Finish.

        You should now have superelevation applied to the design with no overlap.

  2. Create a superelevation assembly. For superelevation to happen, you need to have an assembly that is capable of superelevation.
    1. Master It Continue working in MasterIt1101.dwg (MasterIt1101_METRIC.dwg). You must have completed the previous exercise before starting this one. Create an assembly similar to the one in the top image shown earlier in the chapter in Figure 11.10. Set each lane to be 14′ (4.5 m) wide and each shoulder to be 6′ (2 m) wide. Leave all other options at their defaults. If time permits, build a corridor based on the alignment and assembly.
    2. Solution
      1. From the Home tab Create Design panel, choose Assembly Create Assembly.
      2. Name the assembly AOR and set the assembly type to Undivided Crowned Road. Click OK.
      3. Click to place the assembly in the graphic.
      4. From the Lanes subassembly palette, click the LaneSuperelevationAOR subassembly and set the lane width to 14′ (4.5 m) in the Properties palette.
      5. Click the assembly to place one lane on the right; click again to place the assembly to the left. Press Esc when complete.
      6. Select the right subassembly and set its Use Superelevation parameter to Right Lane Outside. Press Esc to clear the selection.
      7. Select the left subassembly and set its Use Superelevation parameter to Left Lane Outside. Press Esc to clear the selection.
      8. Place the shoulders on each side using ShoulderExtendAll and setting the width to 6′ (2 m); then press Esc when finished.
      9. If time permits, create a corridor based on the alignment and assembly you just created.
      10. Save the drawing.
  3. Create a rail corridor with cant. Cant tools allow users to create corridors that meet design criteria specific to rail needs.
    1. Master It In the drawing MasterIt1102.dwg (MasterIt1102_METRIC.dwg), create a Railway assembly with the RailSingle subassembly using the default parameters for width and depth. Add a LinkSlopeToSurface generic link with 50 percent slope to each side. Add cant to the alignment in the drawing using the default settings for attainment. Create a corridor from these pieces.
    2. Solution
      1. From the Home tab Create Design panel, choose Assembly Create Assembly.
      2. Name the assembly Rail and set the type to Railway. Click OK and place the assembly in the graphic.
      3. From the Bridge And Rail subassembly palette, click the RailSingle subassembly.
      4. Click the assembly in the drawing to place the rail design.
      5. From the Generic palette, click LinkSlopeToSurface.
      6. Set the slope to -50% and configure a side parameter to place on the left and then the right sides of the assembly.
      7. Press Esc to complete the process.
      8. Select the alignment. From the Alignment contextual tab Modify panel, choose Cant Calculate/Edit Cant.
      9. Click Calculate Cant Now, and click Finish.
      10. Build a corridor from the alignment, assembly, and the proposed profile (which has been designed for you ahead of time).
      11. Set the target surface to Existing Intersection and clear the check box for Set Baseline And Region Parameters.

        If you need assistance building your corridor, review Chapters 9 and 10. But hopefully you've figured it out by this point!

  4. Create a superelevation view. Superelevation views are a great place to get a handle on what is going on in your roadway design. You can visually check the geometry as well as make changes to the design.
    1. Master It Open the drawing MasterIt1103.dwg (MasterIt1103_METRIC.dwg). Create a superelevation view for the alignment. Show only the left and right outside lanes as blue and red, respectively.
    2. Solution
      1. Select the alignment and choose Superelevation Create Superelevation View.
      2. In the Create Superelevation View dialog, toggle off Left Outside Shoulder and Right Outside Shoulder. The remaining check boxes are for the lane views.
      3. Set Left Outside Lane Color to Blue, set Right Outside Shoulder Color to Red, and click OK.
      4. Place the view in the graphic.

Chapter 12: Cross Sections and Mass Haul

  1. Create sample lines. Before any section views can be displayed, sections must be created from sample lines.
    1. Master It Open MasterIt_1201.dwg (MasterIt_1201_METRIC.dwg) and create sample lines along the USH 10 alignment every 50 units (20 for metric users). Sample all data, and set the left and right swath widths to 50 (20 for metric users).
    2. Solution
      1. From the Home tab Profile & Section Views panel, choose Sample Lines.
      2. Select the USH 10 alignment and sample all data; then click OK.
      3. In the Sample Line toolbar, click the By Range Of Stations option.
      4. Create sample lines by station range and set your sampling increments and swaths for both left and right to 50 (20 for metric users); then click OK and ↵ to complete the command.
      5. Save the drawing and keep it open for use in the next exercise. (See MasterIt_1201_FINISHED.dwg or MasterIt_1201_METRIC_FINISHED.dwg for finished versions of this exercise.)
  2. Create section views. Just as profiles can be shown only in profile views, sections require section views to be displayed. Section views can be plotted individually or all at once. You can break them up into groups for plotting into sheets.
    1. Master It In the previous exercise, you created sample lines. In that same drawing, create section views for all the sample lines. For US units, use a cross-section scale of 1″ = 20′ on an Arch D size layout sheet. For metric units, use a cross-section scale of 1:500 on an ISO A0 size sheet. For all other options, use the default settings and styles.
    2. Solution
      1. Continue working in MasterIt_1201.dwg (MasterIt_1201_METRIC.dwg) if you finished the previous exercise, or open MasterIt_1201_FINISHED.dwg (MasterIt_1201_METRIC_FINISHED.dwg).
      2. For US users, change the annotation scale to 1″ = 20′. For metric users, make sure the annotation scale is 1:500.
      3. Select one of the sample lines.
      4. From the Sample Line contextual tab Launch Pad panel, click Create Section View Create Multiple Section Views.
      5. On the section placement page, click the ellipsis button to set the Arch D Section 20 Scale option (set ISO A0 Section 1 to 500 for metric users). Click OK.
      6. Leave all options at their defaults, and click Create Section Views.
      7. Click in the graphic to place the views. Save the drawing and keep it open for use in the next exercise. (See MasterIt_1202_FINISHED.dwg or MasterIt_1202_METRIC_FINISHED.dwg for finished versions of this exercise.)
  3. Define and compute materials. Materials are required to be defined before any quantities can be displayed. You learned that materials can be defined from surfaces or from corridor shapes. Corridors must exist for shape selection, and surfaces must already be created for comparison in materials lists.
    1. Master It Using MasterIt_1201.dwg (Master It_1201_METRIC.dwg), create a materials list that compares Existing Intersection with HWY 10 DATUM Surface. Use the Earthworks Quantity takeoff criteria.
    2. Solution
      1. Continue working in MasterIt_1201.dwg (MasterIt_1201_METRIC.dwg) if you finished the previous exercise, or open MasterIt_1202_FINISHED.dwg (MasterIt_1202_METRIC_FINISHED.dwg).
      2. Select one of the sample lines.
      3. From the Sample Line contextual tab Launch Pad panel, click Compute Materials. Select the alignment and sample line group, and then click OK.
      4. In the upper-right corner of the Compute Materials dialog, set the quantity takeoff criteria to Earthworks.
      5. Set the Existing Ground surface to Existing Intersection by clicking the <Click Here…> field.
      6. Set Datum to HWY 10 DATUM, and click OK. Save the drawing and keep it open for use in the next exercise. (See MasterIt_1203_FINISHED.dwg or MasterIt_1203_METRIC_FINISHED.dwg for finished versions of this exercise.)

        Graphically, nothing will appear. Continue to the next exercise to see the results of your work.

  4. Generate volume reports. Volume reports give you numbers that can be used for cost estimating on any given project. Typically, construction companies calculate their own quantities, but developers often want to know approximate volumes for budgeting purposes.
    1. Master It Continue using MasterIt_1201.dwg (MasterIt_1201_METRIC.dwg). Be sure you have completed all the previous “Master It” exercises before continuing. Use the materials list created earlier to generate a volume report. Create a web browser–based report and a total volume table that can be displayed on the drawing.
    2. Solution
      1. Continue working in MasterIt_1201.dwg (MasterIt_1201_METRIC.dwg) if you finished the previous exercise, or open MasterIt_1203_FINISHED.dwg (MasterIt_1203_METRIC_FINISHED.dwg).
      2. Without any object selected, go to the Analyze tab Volumes And Materials panel, and click Volume Report.
      3. Leave all options at their defaults, and click OK.
      4. If asked “Do you want to allow scripts to run?” click Yes.

        Your report will be displayed.

      5. Close the browser window.
      6. In Civil 3D, from the Analyze tab Volumes And Materials panel, click Total Volume Table.
      7. Leave all options at their defaults and click OK. Place the table anywhere on the screen.
      8. Save the drawing. (See MasterIt_1204_FINISHED.dwg or MasterIt_1204_METRIC_FINISHED.dwg for finished versions of this exercise.)

Chapter 13: Pipe Networks

  1. Create a pipe network by layout. After you've created a parts list for your pipe network, the first step toward finalizing the design is to use Pipe Network By Layout.
    1. Master It Open the MasterIt_1301.dwg or MasterIt_1301_METRIC.dwg file. Use Network Creation Tools to create a waste water pipe network named Mastering. Use the Composite surface, and name only structure and pipe label styles. Don't choose an alignment at this time. Create 8″ (200 mm) PVC pipes and a manhole called SMH. There are blocks in the drawing to assist you in placing manholes. Begin at the START HERE marker, and place a manhole at each marker location. You can erase the markers when you've finished.
    2. Solution
      1. From the Home tab Create Design panel, select Pipe Network Pipe Network Creation Tools.
      2. In the Create Pipe Network dialog, set the following parameters:
        • Network Name: Mastering
        • Network Parts List: Waste Water
        • Surface Name: Composite
        • Alignment Name: <none>
        • Structure Label Style: Name Only (Sanitary)
        • Pipe Label Style: Name Only
      3. Click OK. The Network Layout Tools toolbar will appear.
      4. Set the structure to Concentric Cylindrical Structure NF (Concentric Cylindrical Structure SI) SMH and the pipe to PVC Pipe (PVC Pipe SI) 8.0 inch PVC Pipe (200 mm PVC Pipe).
      5. Click Draw Pipes And Structures, and use your Insertion Osnap to place a structure at each marker location.
      6. Press ↵ to exit the command. Close the toolbar.
      7. Move the structure labels as desired.
      8. Select a marker, right-click, choose Select Similar, and click Delete.

        See MasterIt_1301_FINISHED.dwg or MasterIt_1301_METRIC_FINISHED.dwg for the result.

  2. Create an alignment from network parts and draw parts in profile view. Once your pipe network has been created in plan view, you'll typically add the parts to a profile view based on either the road centerline or the pipe centerline.
    1. Master It Continue working in the MasterIt_1301.dwg or MasterIt_1301_METRIC.dwg file. You need to have completed the previous exercise before beginning this one. Create an alignment named Mastering from your pipes so that station zero is located at the START HERE structure. Create a profile view from this alignment, and show the pipes and profiles for the EG and Corridor FG surfaces on the profile view. Use defaults for everything, except change the Corridor FG profile style to FG Profile on the profile view.
    2. Solution
      1. Select the structure labeled START HERE to display the Pipe Networks contextual tab, and select Alignment From Network on the Launch Pad panel.
      2. Select the last structure in the pipe run, and press ↵ to accept the selection.
      3. In the Create Alignment dialog, name the alignment Mastering and make sure the Create Profile And Profile View check box is selected.
      4. Accept the other defaults, and click OK.
      5. In the Create Profile From Surface dialog, sample both the EG and Corridor FG surfaces for the profile. Select the surfaces and click Add. Change the Corridor FG profile style to FG Profile.
      6. Click Draw In Profile View.
      7. In the Create Profile View dialog, click Create Profile View and choose a location in the drawing for the profile view.

        A profile view showing your pipes appears. See MasterIt_1302_FINISHED.dwg or MasterIt_1302_METRIC_FINISHED.dwg for the result.

  3. Label a pipe network in plan and profile. Designing your pipe network is only half of the process. Engineering plans must be properly annotated.
    1. Master It Continue working in the MasterIt_1301.dwg or MasterIt_1301_METRIC.dwg file. You need to have completed the previous exercise before beginning this one. Add the Length Description And Slope pipe label style to profile pipes and the Data With Connected Pipes (Sanitary) structure label style to profile structures. Assign the alignment created in the previous “Master It” exercise to all pipes and structures.
    2. Solution
      1. Select one of the pipe or structure objects. From the Pipe Networks contextual tab Labels & Tables panel, select Add Labels Add Pipe Network Labels.
      2. In the Add Labels dialog, change Feature to Pipe Network, and then change Label Type to Entire Network Profile.
        • For pipe labels, choose Length Description And Slope.
        • For structure labels, choose Data With Connected Pipes (Sanitary).
      3. Click Add, and choose any pipe or structure in your profile view.
      4. Drag or adjust any profile labels as desired.
      5. In the Prospector tab of Toolspace, expand Pipe Networks Networks Mastering and select Pipes.
      6. Select all pipes in Prospector, right-click the Reference Alignment column header, and select Edit.
      7. Choose the Mastering alignment and then click OK.
      8. Repeat steps 5 through 7 but choose Structures.

        See MasterIt_1303_FINISHED.dwg or MasterIt_1303_METRIC_FINISHED.dwg for the result.

  4. Create a dynamic pipe table. It's common for municipalities and contractors to request a pipe or structure table for cost estimates or to make it easier to understand a busy plan.
    1. Master It Continue working in the MasterIt_1301.dwg or MasterIt_1301_METRIC.dwg file. You need to have completed the previous exercise before beginning this one. Create a pipe table for all pipes in your network. Use the default table style.
    2. Solution
      1. Select one of the pipe or structure objects. From the Pipe Networks contextual tab, Labels And Tables panel, select Add Tables Add Pipe.
      2. In the Pipe Table Creation dialog, make sure your pipe network is selected.
      3. Accept the other defaults, and click OK.
      4. Place the table in your drawing.

        See MasterIt_1304_FINISHED.dwg or MasterIt1304_METRIC_FINISHED.dwg for the result.

Chapter 14: Grading

  1. Convert existing linework into feature lines. Many site features are drawn initially as simple linework for the 2D plan. By converting this linework to feature line information, you avoid a large amount of rework. Additionally, the conversion process offers the ability to drape feature lines along a surface, making further grading use easier.
    1. Master It Open the MasterIt_1401.dwg or MasterIt_1401_METRIC.dwg file from the book's web page. Convert the magenta polyline, describing a proposed temporary swale, into a feature line and drape it across the EG surface to set elevations, and set intermediate grade break points.
    2. Solution
      1. From the Home tab Create Design panel, choose Feature Lines Create Feature Lines From Objects.
      2. Select the polyline. Press the Enter key.
      3. Toggle on the Assign Elevations check box and then click OK.
      4. Select the EG surface in the Assign Elevations dialog.
      5. Verify that Insert Intermediate Grade Break Points is on.
      6. Click OK to close the dialog and return to your model.
  2. Model a simple breakline with a feature line. Feature lines define linear slope connections or, in other words, breaklines. This can be the flow of a drainage channel, the outline of a building pad, or the back of a street curb. These linear relationships can help define grading in a model or simply enhance understanding of design intent.
    1. Master It Edit the radius of the curve on the feature line you just created to be 100′ (30 m). Set the grade from the west end of the feature line to the next PI to 4 percent, and set the remainder to a constant slope to be determined in the drawing. Draw a temporary profile view to verify that the channel is below grade for most of its length.
    2. Solution
      1. Select the feature line to activate the Feature Line contextual tab.
      2. From the Feature Line contextual tab Modify panel, toggle on the Edit Geometry panel if not already visible.
      3. From the Feature Line contextual tab Edit Geometry panel, choose the Edit Curve tool.
      4. Select the feature line curve.
      5. In the Edit Feature Line Curve dialog, change the radius to 100′ (30 m) and click OK.
      6. Press the Enter key to end the command.
      7. From the Feature Line contextual tab Modify panel, toggle on the Edit Elevations panel if not already visible.
      8. From the Feature Line contextual tab Edit Elevations panel, select Elevation Editor.
      9. Press Esc once so you can view the feature line glyphs.
      10. Select station 0+00, which will show the triangular glyph on the western end of the feature.
      11. Hold down the Ctrl key and select station 0+86.66 (0+027.08 if metric).
      12. Click the Flatten Grade Or Elevations tool to open the Flatten dialog.
      13. Select Constant Grade and click OK to close.
      14. Select the PI at station 1+35.18 (0+041.78 if metric).
      15. Hold down the Ctrl key and select station 2+29.01 (0+069.54 if metric).
      16. Click the Flatten Grade Or Elevations tool to open the Flatten dialog.
      17. Select Constant Grade and click OK to close.
      18. Select the feature line, and from the Feature Line contextual tab Launch Pad panel, choose Quick Profile.
      19. Change the profile view style to Profile View, click OK to accept the rest of the defaults, and pick a point on the screen to draw the quick profile view.
      20. Dismiss Panorama to view the Quick Profile.
  3. Model planar site features with grading groups. Once a feature line defines a linear feature, gradings collected in grading groups model the slope projections from that line to other points in space. These projections can be combined to model a site much like a TIN surface, producing a dynamic design tool.
    1. Master It Use grading criteria to define the pilot channel, with grading on both sides of the sketched centerline. Define the channel using a Grading To Distance of 5′ (1.5 m) with a slope of 3:1, and connect the channel to the EG surface using a grading with slopes that are 4:1. Generate a surface from the grading group. If prompted, do not weed the feature line.
    2. Solution
      1. From the Home tab Create Design panel, choose Grading Grading Creation Tools to activate the Grading Creation Tools toolbar.
      2. Click the Create A Grading Group tool to create a grading group and name the group.
      3. Verify that the Automatic Surface Creation option is checked, and click OK.
      4. Click OK to accept the surface creation options.
      5. Click the Set The Target Surface tool to set the target surface to EG, and click OK.
      6. Change Grading Criteria to Grade To Distance.
      7. Click the Create Grading tool, and pick the feature line.
      8. If the Weed Feature Line dialog appears, select Continue Grading Without Feature Line Weeding.
      9. Pick the left or right side, and enter Y ↵.
      10. Enter 5 ↵ (1.5) for the distance.
      11. Enter S ↵ to enter slope.
      12. Enter 3 ↵ for the slope value.
      13. Pick the main feature line again, and grade the other side using the same steps.
      14. Change Grading Criteria to Grade To Surface.
      15. Create a grading object on both the left and right outer feature lines with slopes of 4:1 for both cut and fill along the full length of the feature lines.
      16. Press Esc to complete the gradings.
      17. Close the Grading Creation Tools toolbar.

Chapter 15: Plan Production

  1. Create view frames. When you create view frames, you must select the template file that contains the layout tabs that will be used as the basis for your sheets. This template must contain predefined viewports. You can define these viewports with extra vertices so you can change their shape after the sheets have been created.
    1. Master It Open the MasterIt_1501.dwg (MasterIt_1501_METRIC.dwg) file. Run the Create View Frames Wizard to create view frames for Alignment A in the current drawing. (Accept the defaults for all other values.) These view frames will be used to generate Plan and Profile sheets on ARCH D (ISO A1 for metric users) sheets at 20 scale (1:200 scale for metric users) using the plan and profile template MasteringPandPTemplate.dwt or MasteringPandPTemplate_METRIC.dwt. All files should be saved in C:MasteringCh15.
    2. Solution
      1. From the Output tab Plan Production panel, choose Create View Frames.
      2. On the Alignment page, select Alignment A from the Alignment drop-down list and click Next.
      3. On the Sheets page, select the Plan And Profile option.
      4. Click the ellipsis button to display the Select Layout As Sheet Template dialog.
      5. In the Select Layout As Sheet Template dialog, click the ellipsis button, browse to C:MasteringCh15, select the template named MasteringPandPTemplate.dwt (or MasteringPandPTemplate_METRIC.dwt for metric users), and click Open.
      6. Select the layout named ARCH D Plan And Profile 20 Scale (or ISO A1 Plan And Profile 1 to 200 for metric users), and click OK.
      7. Click Create View Frames.
      8. Save and leave the drawing open for the next part of this “Master It” series.

        You can check your result against the finished drawing as found within the dataset for this chapter under the name of MasterIt_1501_FINISHED.dwg (MasterIt_1501_METRIC_FINISHED.dwg).

  2. Edit view frames. The grips available to edit view frames allow the user some freedom on how the frames will appear.
    1. Master It Continue working in the previous exercise file or open the MasterIt_1501_FINISHED.dwg (MasterIt_1501_METRIC_FINISHED.dwg) file, and move the VF- (1) view frame to Sta. 2+20 (or Sta. 0+050 for metric users) to lessen the overlap. Then adjust Match Line 1 (or Match Line 2 for metric users) so that it is now at Sta. 4+25 (or Sta. 0+200 for metric users) and shorten it so that the labels are completely within the view frames.
    2. Solution
      1. Click the VF- (1) view frame.
      2. Make sure you have Dynamic Input on.
      3. Click the diamond grip, and type 220 ↵ (or 50 ↵ for metric users).
      4. Press Esc to clear the selection.
      5. Click Match Line 1 (or Match Line 2 for metric users) to show its grips.
      6. Click the diamond grip, and type 425 ↵ (or 200 ↵ for metric users).
      7. Click the triangular grip on one end of the match line and shorten it so that the label is completely within the view frames.
      8. Repeat step 7 for the triangular grip on the opposite end of the match line.

        The match line is now centered better between the two view frames.

      9. Save the drawing.

        You can check your result against the finished drawing as found within the dataset for this chapter under the name of MasterIt_1502_FINISHED.dwg (MasterIt_1502_METRIC_FINISHED.dwg).

  3. Generate sheets and review Sheet Set Manager. You can create sheets in new drawing files or in the current drawing. The resulting sheets are based on the template you chose when you created the view frames. If the template contains customized viewports, you can modify the shape of the viewport to better fit your sheet needs.
    1. Master It Open MasterIt_1503.dwg (MasterIt_1503_METRIC.dwg) file. Run the Create Sheets Wizard to create plan and profile sheets in the current drawing for Alignment A using the plan and profile template MasteringPandPTemplate.dwt or MasteringPandPTemplate_METRIC.dwt. Make sure to choose a north arrow and add the sheets to a new sheet set named Alignment A (Alignment A_METRIC for metric users). (Accept the defaults for all other values.)
    2. Solution
      1. From the Output tab Plan Production panel, choose Create Sheets.
      2. On the View Frame Group And Layouts page, in the Layout Creation area, select All Layouts In The Current Drawing.
      3. Verify that the north arrow is selected from the drop-down list.
      4. In the Sheet Set section of the wizard under New Sheet Set, key in Alignment A (Alignment A_METRIC for metric users).
      5. Set the Sheet Set Storage Location to C:MasteringCh15FinishedSheets.
      6. Click Create Sheets.
      7. Click OK to save the drawing.
      8. Click a location as the profile origin.
      9. Dismiss the Panorama Event Viewer.
      10. Save the drawing.

        You can check your result against the finished drawing as found within the dataset for this chapter under the name of MasterIt_1503_FINISHED.dwg (MasterIt_1503_METRIC_FINISHED.dwg).

  4. Create section views. More and more municipalities are requiring section views. Whether this is a mile-long road or a meandering stream, Civil 3D can handle it nicely via Plan Production.
    1. Master It Open the MasterIt_1504.dwg (MasterIt_1504_METRIC.dwg) file. Create section views and Plan Production section sheets in a new sheet set for Alignment A using the using the Road Section section view style and the section sheet template MasteringSectionTemplate.dwt or MasteringSectionTemplate_METRIC.dwt. Make sure the sections are set to be generated on ARCH D (ISO A1 for metric users) sheets at 20-scale (1:200 scale for metric users). Also, make sure to provide as Sheet Set name Alignment A_XC (Alignment A_XC_METRIC for metric users). (Accept the defaults for all other values.) All files should be saved in C:MasteringCh15FinishedSheets.
    2. Solution
      1. From the Home tab Profile & Section Views panel, choose Section Views Create Multiple Views.
      2. On the General page, verify that Section View Style is set to Road Section and click Next.
      3. On the Section Placement page, select the Production option.
      4. Click the ellipsis button to display the Select Layout As Sheet Template dialog.
      5. In this dialog, click the ellipsis button, browse to C:MasteringCh15, select the template named MasteringSectionTemplate.dwt (or MasteringSectionTemplate_METRIC.dwt for metric users), and click Open.
      6. Select the layout named ARCH D Section 20 Scale (or ISO A1 Section 1 to 200 for metric users), and click OK.
      7. Click Create Section Views.
      8. Click a location as the section origin. The multiple section views are created.
      9. From the Output tab Plan Production panel, choose Create Section Sheets.
      10. In the Create Section Sheets dialog, verify that New Sheet Set is selected and named Alignment A_XC (Alignment A_XC_METRIC for metric users) and set Sheet Set Storage Location to C:MasteringCh15FinishedSheets.
      11. Click Create Sheets.
      12. Click OK to save the drawing.

        You can check your result against the finished drawing as found within the dataset for this chapter under the name of MasterIt_1504_FINISHED.dwg (MasterIt_1504_METRIC_FINISHED.dwg).

Chapter 16: Advanced Workflows

  1. Create a data shortcut folder. The ability to load design information into a project environment is an important part of creating an efficient team. The main design elements of the project are available to the data shortcut mechanism via the working folder and data shortcut folder.
    1. Master It Using the MasterIt1601.dwg (MasterIt1601_METRIC.dwg) drawing, create a new data shortcut folder called Master Data Shortcuts. Use the _Sample Project project template.
    2. Solution
      1. Open the MasterIt1601.dwg (MasterIt1601_METRIC.dwg) drawing.
      2. On the Manage tab Data Shortcuts panel, click New Shortcuts Folder.
      3. Give the project a name of your choosing, such as MasterIt, and place a check mark next to Use Project Template.
      4. With _Sample Project highlighted, click OK.

        The data shortcut folder is now complete.

  2. Create data shortcuts. To allow sharing of the data, shortcuts must be made before the information can be used in other drawings.
    1. Master It Save the drawing to the Source Drawings folder in the Master Data Shortcuts project you created in the previous exercise. Create data shortcuts to all the available data in the MasterIt1601.dwg (MasterIt1601_METRIC.dwg) file.
    2. Solution
      1. Continue working in the drawing from the previous “Master It” exercise.
      2. From the Application menu, use Save As to save the drawing to C:MasteringMasterItSource Drawings.
      3. On the Manage tab Data Shortcuts panel, click Create Data Shortcuts.
      4. Place a check mark next to all items that appear in the data listing, and click OK.
  3. Export to earlier releases of AutoCAD. Being able to export to earlier base AutoCAD versions is sometimes necessary.
    1. Master It Using MasterIt1601.dwg (MasterIt1601_METRIC.dwg), export the Civil 3D file so it can be used by a user working in base AutoCAD 2010.
    2. Solution
      1. Continue working in the drawing from the previous “Master It” exercise.
      2. From the Application menu, select Export Export Civil 3D Drawing.
      3. Do not include drawings in subfolders and do not include sheets.
      4. Set Export Settings to use the 2010 file version.
      5. Set Source Folder and Destination Folder to C:MasteringMasterItSource Drawings.
      6. Click Export.
      7. Click OK and then Cancel to close dialogs when the export is finished.
  4. Export to LandXML. Being able to work with outside clients or even other departments within your firm that do not have Civil 3D is an important part of collaboration.
    1. Master It Using MasterIt1601.dwg (MasterIt1601_METRIC.dwg), create a LandXML file with all of the exportable information.
    2. Solution
      1. Continue working in the drawing from the previous “Master It” exercise.
      2. From the Output tab Export panel, click Export To LandXML. Use all the default settings and click OK.
      3. Save the file with the default name in the same directory as MasterIt1601.dwg (MasterIt1601_METRIC.dwg).

Chapter 17: Quantity Takeoff

  1. Open and review a list of pay items along with their categorization. The pay item list is the cornerstone of quantity takeoffs. You should download and review your pay item list and compare it against the current reviewing agency list regularly to avoid any missed items.
    1. Master It Using the template of your choice, open the Getting Started.csv (or Getting Started_Metric.csv) pay item file that you have been working with in the previous exercises and add the 12-, 18-, and 24-Inch Pipe Culvert (or 300 mm, 450 mm, and 600 mm Pipe Culvert) pay items to your Favorites list in the QTO Manager.
    2. Solution
      1. Start a new file by using the default Civil 3D template of your choice.
      2. Open the QTO Manager.
      3. Click the Open button at the top left of the QTO Manager.
      4. Verify that the Pay Item File Format drop-down list is set to CSV (Comma Delimited).
      5. Click the Open button next to the Pay Item File text box.
      6. Navigate to the Getting Started folder and select the Getting Started.csv file. Metric users should use the Getting Started_METRIC.csv file, which is downloadable from the book's web page.
      7. Click Open to select this CSV pay item file.
      8. Click OK.
      9. Enter 12-Inch Pipe (or 300 mm Pipe) in the text box to filter.
      10. Right-click the 12-Inch Pipe Culvert item (or the 300 mm Pipe Culvert item), and select Add To Favorites.
      11. Repeat for the other sizes.

        A saved copy of this drawing is available from the book's web page with the filename MasteringPayItemList_FINISHED.dwg or MasteringPayItemList_METRIC_FINISHED.dwg.

  2. Assign pay items to AutoCAD objects, pipe networks, and corridors. The majority of the work in preparing quantity takeoffs is in assigning pay items accurately. By using the linework, blocks, and Civil 3D objects in your drawing as part of the process, you reduce the effort involved in generating accurate quantities.
    1. Master It Open the MasteringQTO.dwg or MasteringQTO_Metric.dwg file and assign the CLEARING AND GRUBBING pay item to the polyline that was originally extracted from the border of the corridor. Change the hatch to have a transparency of 80.
    2. Solution
      1. Open the drawing first and then the QTO Manager.
      2. Expand the Favorites branch and select the CLEARING AND GRUBBING item.
      3. Right-click and select Assign Pay Item To Area.
      4. Switch to the Object option by entering O ↵ at the command line.
      5. Select the polyline representing the limits of corridor surface.
      6. Press ↵ again to end the command.
      7. Select the hatch to activate the Hatch Editor contextual tab.
      8. From the Hatch Editor contextual tab Properties panel, change Hatch Transparency to 80. Using Display Order, send the hatch to the back.
  3. Use QTO tools to review what items have been tagged for analysis. By using the built-in highlighting tools to verify pay item assignments, you can avoid costly errors when running your QTO reports.
    1. Master It Verify that the area in the previous exercise has been assigned a pay item.
    2. Solution
      1. Turn on Highlight Objects With Pay Items in the QTO Manager.
      2. Pan and hover over the hatch to confirm that the tooltip indicates a pay item assignment.

        A saved copy of this drawing is available from the book's web page with the filename MasteringQTO_FINISHED.dwg or MasteringQTO_METRIC_FINISHED.dwg.

  4. Generate QTO output to a variety of formats for review or analysis. The quantity takeoff reports give you a quick understanding of what items have been tagged in the drawing, and they can generate text in the drawing or external reports for uses in other applications.
    1. Master It Display the length of Type C Broken markings in a Quantity Takeoff Report with the Summary (TXT) report style using the MasteringQTOReporting.dwg or MasteringQTOReporting_Metric.dwg file.
    2. Solution
      1. Open the drawing from the Analyze tab QTO panel, choose Takeoff Command, and click Compute to run the report with default settings.
      2. In the lower-left corner of the Quantity Takeoff Report dialog, change the report style to Summary(TXT).xsl.
      3. Click the Draw button at the bottom of the dialog.
      4. Click near some clean space and you'll be returned to the Quantity Takeoff Report dialog.
      5. Click Close to dismiss this dialog, and then click Close again to dismiss the Compute Quantity Takeoff dialog.
      6. The calculated amount for Type C Broken Pavement Markings should be 3,163.30′ (or 1,000.528 m).

        A saved copy of this drawing is available from the book's web page with the filename MasteringQTOReporting _FINISHED.dwg or MasteringQTOReporting_METRIC_FINISHED.dwg.

Chapter 18: Label Styles

  1. Override individual labels with other styles. In spite of the desire to have uniform labeling styles and appearances between alignments within a single drawing, project, or firm, there are always exceptions. Using the Ctrl+click method for element selection, you can access commands that let you modify labels and even change their styles.
    1. Master It Open the drawing MasterIt_1801.dwg (MasterIt_1801_METRIC.dwg). Create a copy of the Perpendicular With Tick Major Station style called Major With Marker. Change Tick Block Name to Marker Pnt. Replace some (but not all) of your major station labels with this new style.
    2. Solution
      1. On the Settings tab, expand the Alignment Label Styles Station Major Station branch.
      2. Right-click Perpendicular With Tick, and select Copy.
      3. On the Information tab, change the name to Major with Marker.
      4. Change to the Layout tab.
      5. Select Tick from the Component drop-down.
      6. Click in the Value field next to Block name and click the ellipsis.
      7. In the Select a Block dialog, select Marker Pnt and click OK.
      8. Click OK to close the Label Style Composer dialog.
      9. Open the AutoCAD Properties palette.
      10. Ctrl+click one or more major station labels.
      11. Change the major station label style to Major with Marker.

        A saved copy of this drawing, (MasterIt_1801_FINISHED.dwg (MasterIt_1801_METRIC_FINISHED.dwg), is available from the book's web page.

  2. Create a new label set for alignments. Label sets let you determine the appearance of an alignment's labels and quickly standardize that appearance across all objects of the same nature. By creating sets that reflect their intended use, you can make it easy for a designer to quickly label alignments according to specifications with little understanding of the requirement.
    1. Master It Continue working in the MasterIt_1801.dwg (MasterIt_1801_METRIC.dwg) file if you completed the previous exercise, or open the MasterIt_1801_FINISHED.dwg (MasterIt_1801_METRIC_FINISHED.dwg) file. Create a new label set containing only the new major station label defined in the previous exercise, and apply it to all the alignments in that drawing.
    2. Solution
      1. On the Settings tab, expand the Alignments Label Styles Label Sets branch.
      2. Right-click Label Sets Branch, and select New.
      3. In the Alignment Label Set dialog, change the name to Major Only on the Information tab.
      4. Select Major Stations in Type and Major with Marker in the Major Station Label Style. Click the Add button.
      5. Click OK to close the Alignment Label Set dialog.
      6. Select an alignment label, and on the contextual tab Modify panel click Edit Label Group.
      7. In the Alignment Labels dialog, click Import Label Set.
      8. In the Select Label Set dialog, use the drop-down to select the Major Only label set. Click OK to close the dialog. Click OK again to close the Alignment Labels dialog.
      9. Repeat for each alignment.

        A saved copy of this drawing, (MasterIt_1802_FINISHED.dwg (MasterIt_1802_METRIC_FINISHED.dwg), is available from the book's web page.

  3. Create and use expressions. Expressions give you the ability to add calculated information to labels or add logic to label creation.
    1. Master It Continue working in the MasterIt_1801.dwg (MasterIt_1801_METRIC.dwg) file or open the MasterIt_1802_FINISHED.dwg (MasterIt_1802_METRIC_FINISHED.dwg) file, and create an expression called Top of Curb that adds 0.5′ (0.15 m) to a surface elevation. Use the expression in a spot elevation label that shows both the surface elevation and the expression-based elevation to two decimal precision.
    2. Solution
      1. In the Settings tab of Toolspace, expand Surface Label Styles Spot Elevation, right-click Expressions, and click New.
      2. In the New Expression dialog, name the expression Top of Curb.

        The expression will read {Surface Elevation}+0.5 (for metric {Surface Elevation}+0.15).

      3. Use the Properties button to select the Surface Elevation Property field and type +0.5 (+0.15 for metric) behind it.
      4. Format as Double.
      5. Click OK.
      6. In the same branch of Settings, right-click Spot Elevation, and select New.
      7. In the Label Style Composer dialog, name the label Top of Curb on the Information tab.
      8. On the Layout tab of the Label Style Composer, click the Value field next to Contents and open the Text Component Editor dialog.
      9. Select the existing component and from the left side change the precision to 0. Click the arrow to update the expression on the right. Without removing the existing text, add the new expression under the surface elevation text, making sure to set the precision to decimal. Press the Enter key to ensure the text appears on two lines with the expression-based label on the bottom.
      10. Click OK twice to exit both dialogs.
      11. Place the new label in the drawing to check your work.

        A saved copy of this drawing, (MasterIt_1803_FINISHED.dwg (MasterIt_1803_METRIC_FINISHED.dwg), is available from the book's web page.

  4. Apply a standard label set to profiles. Standardization of appearance is one of the major benefits of using Civil 3D styles in labeling. By applying label sets, you can quickly create plot-ready profile views that have the required information for review.
    1. Master It Continue working in the MasterIt_1801.dwg (MasterIt_1801_METRIC.dwg) file or open the MasterIt_1803_FINISHED.dwg (MasterIt_1803_METRIC_FINISHED.dwg) file, and apply the Road Profile Labels label set to all layout profiles.
    2. Solution
      1. Pick one of the layout profiles, and on the contextual tab Label panel, select Edit Profile Labels.
      2. In the Profile Labels dialog, click Import Label Set.
      3. In the Select Label Set dialog, use the drop-down to select the Road Profile Labels label set.
      4. Click OK twice to exit both dialogs.
      5. Repeat this procedure for all layout profiles.

        A saved copy of this drawing, (MasterIt_1804_FINISHED.dwg (MasterIt_1804_METRIC_FINISHED.dwg) is available from the book's web page.

Chapter 19: Object Styles

  1. Override object styles with other styles. In spite of the desire to have uniform styles and appearances between objects within a single drawing, project, or firm, there are always going to be changes that need to be made.
    1. Master It Open the MasterIt_1901.dwg (MasterIt_1901_METRIC.dwg) file and change the alignment style associated with Alignment B to Layout. In addition, change the surface style used for the EG surface to Contours And Triangles, but change the contour interval to 1′ and 5′ (or 0.5 m and 2.5 m) and the color of the triangles to yellow.
    2. Solution
      1. Select Alignment B, and from the Alignment contextual tab go to the Modify tab Alignment Properties.
      2. On the Information tab set Alignment Object Style to Layout and click OK. Click Esc to deselect.
      3. Select the EG surface, and on the Surface contextual tab go to the Modify tab Surface Properties.
      4. On the Information tab set Surface Style to Contours And Triangles and click OK.
      5. From the Settings tab of Toolspace, expand Surface Surface Styles.
      6. Right-click Contours And Triangles and select Edit.
      7. On the Contours tab, do the following:
        1. Expand the Contour Intervals category.
        2. Set Minor Interval to 1′ (or 0.5 m).

          Notice that the Major Interval automatically adjusts to 5′ (or 2.5 m).

      8. On the Display tab with the View Direction set to Plan, set the color of the Triangles component to yellow.
      9. Click OK to complete the revisions to the style. Click Esc to deselect.
  2. Create a new surface style. Almost every set of plans that you send out of the office is going to include a surface, so it is important to be able to generate multiple surface styles that match your company standards. In addition to surface styles for production, you may find it helpful to have styles to use when you are designing that show a tighter contour spacing as well as the points and triangles needed to make some edits.
    1. Master It Open the MasterIt_1902.dwg (MasterIt_1902_METRIC.dwg) file and create a new surface style named Micro Editing. Set this style to display contours at 0.5′ and 1.0′ (or 0.1 m and 0.2 m), as well as triangles and points. Set the EG surface to use this new surface style.
    2. Solution
      1. From the Settings tab of Toolspace, expand Surface Surface Styles.
      2. Right-click Surface Styles and select New.
      3. On the Information tab, set Name to Micro Editing.
      4. On the Contours tab, do the following:
        1. Expand the Contour Intervals category.
        2. Set Minor Interval to 0.5’ (or 0.1 m). Notice that the Major Interval automatically adjusts to 2.5′ (or 0.5 m).
        3. Override the Major Interval and set it to 1.0’ (or 0.2 m).
      5. On the Display tab with View Direction set to Plan, verify that the only components turned on are Points, Triangles, Minor Contours, and Major Contours.
      6. Click OK to complete the creation of a new surface style.
      7. Select the EG surface, and from the contextual tab, Modify panel, select Surface Properties.
      8. On the Information tab set Surface Style to Micro Editing, and click OK.
  3. Create a new profile view style. Everyone has their preferred look for a profile view. These styles can provide a lot of information in a small space, so it is important to be able to create a profile view that will meet your needs.
    1. Master It Open the MasterIt_1903.dwg (MasterIt_1903_METRIC.dwg) file and create a new profile view style named Mastering Profile View. Set this style to not clip the vertical or horizontal grid. Set the bottom horizontal ticks at 50′ and 10′ intervals (25 m and 5 m). Set the left and right vertical ticks at 10′ and 2′ intervals (5 m and 1 m). In addition, turn off the visibility of Graph Title, Bottom Axis Annotation Major, and Bottom Axis Annotation Horizontal Geometry Point. Set the profile view in the drawing to use this new profile view style.
    2. Solution
      1. From the Settings tab of Toolspace, expand Profile View Profile View Styles.
      2. Right-click Profile View Styles and select New.
      3. On the Information tab, set Name to Mastering Profile View.
      4. On the Grid tab, verify that Clip Vertical Grid and Clip Horizontal Grid are not selected.
      5. On the Horizontal Axes tab, do the following:
        1. Verify that the Axis To Control radio button is set to Bottom.
        2. In the Major Tick Details area, set Interval to 50′ (or 25 m).
        3. In the Minor Tick Details area, set Interval to 10′ (or 5 m).
      6. On the Vertical Axes tab, do the following:
        1. Verify that the Axis To Control radio button is set to Left.
        2. In the Major Tick Details area, set Interval to 10′ (or 5 m).
        3. In the Minor Tick Details area, set Interval to 2′ (or 1 m).
        4. Change the Axis To Control radio button to Right.
        5. In the Major Tick Details area, set Interval to 10′ (or 5 m).
        6. In the Minor Tick Details area, set Interval to 2′ (or 1 m).
      7. On the Display tab with View Direction set to Plan, turn off the visibility of Graph Title, Bottom Axis Annotation Major, and Bottom Axis Annotation Horizontal Geometry Point.
      8. Click OK to complete the creation of a new Profile View style.
      9. Select the profile view in the drawing, and on the Profile View contextual tab, go to the Modify View tab Profile View Properties.
      10. On the Information tab set Profile View Style to Mastering Profile View, and click OK.
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