Index

*/ (comments), 33

/* (comments), 33

3G, 274

4G, 275

A

abs( ) function, 73

AC (alternating current), 46

voltage and, 47

Adafruit Si1145 library, 384–388

ADC (Analog to Digital Converter), 67–68, 295

addresses

IP addresses, 153

MAC address, 153

retrieving, 176

ad-hoc mode for wireless, 171

advanced libraries, 410–413

amperage, 47, 48

analog I/O, 67–68

analogRead( ) function, 68

analogWrite( ) function, 68

microcontrollers and, 67–68

analog systems, 5

analogRead( ) function, 68, 353

analogWrite( ) function, 59–60, 68

archives versus installers, 27

Arduino

capabilities, 22–23

counterfeits, 9

as Ethernet client, 157–158

fetching example program, 161–162

sending/receiving data, 158–161

as Ethernet server, 163–165

sketch example program, 165–167

open source, 20

as Open Source Hardware project, 7

original, 9

software download, 27–28

Arduino board, original, 7

Arduino Due, 13–14, 37

SPI on, 123–125

USB and, 325–237

Arduino Esplora, 18

TFT, 229

Arduino Ethernet, 11

Arduino Ethernet Shield, 21

Arduino GSM Shield, 22

Arduino language, I/O functions, digital I/O, 65–67

Arduino Leonardo, 10–11

Arduino Mega 2560, 11–12

Arduino Micro, 13

Arduino Mini, 13

Arduino Motor Shield, 21

Arduino Playground, 29

Arduino Pro, 16

Arduino project, 7–8

Arduino Robot, 16–17, 348–349

Arduino Tre, 19

Arduino Uno, 10

voltage regulator, 47

Arduino WiFi Shield, 22

Arduino Wireless SD Shield, 21

Arduino Yún, 18–19

Arduino Zero, 19

ARM technology, 6

array data type, 37

ASCII, keyboards, 324

ATmega series, 8

Atmel (Advanced Technology for Memory and Logic), 5

megaAVR, 8

microcontrollers for Arduino, 7

Atmel 8-bit AVR, 7

Atmel AVR, 5–7

attach( ) function, 264–265

attached( ) function, 245

attachGPRS( ) function, 283

attachInterrupt( ) function, 77–78

ATtiny series, 8–9

audio, 292

ADC (Analog to Digital Converter), 295

DAC (Digital to Analog Converters), 294, 295

digital

creating, 296

playing, 296–297

sound files, 292–294

storage, 296

effective sampling rate, 293

frequencies, 293

waves, 292–293

audio tones

noTone( ) function, 69

tone( ) function, 69

autoscroll( ) function, 198

available( ) function, 91–92

B

BASIC Stamp, 7

baud rate, 83–84

begin( ) function, 91, 94, 155, 174–175

beginSD( ) function, 354–355

beginSpeaker( ) function, 356–357

beginTFT( ) function, 354–355

bipolar stepper motors, 255–256

bits

reading, EEPROM library, 105–107

writing, EEPROM library, 105–107

Blink, 29–33

blink( ) function, 197

Blum, Jeremy, Exploring Arduino, 26

boolean data type, 36

bootloaders, 33

breadboards, 23, 56

connection points, 57

Fritzing, 396

shields, 395–398

solderless, 57

strips, 57

break statement, 40

breakdown voltage, 54

Bridge library, 361–364

example application, 369–373

FileIO library, 366–367

Process class, 364–366

YunClient, 368

YunServer class, 367–368

bus speed, I²C protocol, 147–148

buttons, Esplora library, 339–340

buzzer, Esplora library, 340–341

byte data type, 37

bytes

reading, 92

EEPROM library, 104–105

multiple, 92–93

writing, EEPROM library, 104–105

C

C++ classes, 383, 410

cabling, Ethernet, 151

callbacks, 141

Firmata library, 264–266

capacitors, 53–54

decoupling, 54

farad, 54

CD drives, 209

channels, Wi-Fi, 172

char data type, 36

circle( ) function, 231–232

circuits (electrical), 46

classes

C++, 383, 410

SoftwareSerial, 99

clear( ) function, 196

clearScreen( ) function, 355

closed source libraries, 417–418

CodeBlocks, 29

coding styles, 416–417

color, TFT library, 232

comments, 30, 33

libraries, 413–414

config( ) function, 178

connect( ) function, 157–158

connection points, breadboards, 57

connectServer( ) function, 86

constrain( ) function, 73

constructors, 411

control board (Robot library)

controls, 350–351

LCD screen, 354–356

music, 356–357

robot personalization, 353–354

sensor reading, 351–353

control structures, 38–41

cooperative multitasking, 309–311

cos( ) function, 76

CPOL (Clock Polarity), 123

createChar( ) function, 199

Creative Commons Attribution Share-Alike license, 29

CRT (cathode ray tubes), 226–227

cruise ship analogy for analog I/O, 67

CS (Chip Select), 118

cursor, LiquidCrystal library, 196–197

D

DAC (Digital to Analog Converters), 294, 295

data

available( ) function, 91–92

reading

begin( ) function, 94

bytes, 92–93

end( ) function, 94

parsing data, 93–94

peek( ) function, 93

starting communications, 91

sending, 90

data bits, 85

data encapsulation, 85

data types

array, 37

boolean, 36

byte, 37

char, 36

double, 37

float, 37

int, 37

long, 37

short, 37

String, 37

string, 37

unsigned char, 36

unsigned int, 37

unsigned long, 37

void, 36

word, 37

datalogging shields, 213–214

DC (direct current), 46

voltage and, 47

DDR, 101–102

debugging, output and, 86–87

debugPrint( ) function, 355

declaring functions, 407–408

declaring variables, 34

decoupling capacitors, 54

delay( ) function, 70–71

delay function, 35

delayMicroseconds( ) function, 71

detach( ) function, 245

detachInterrupt( ) function, 78

DHCP leases, renewing, 156–157

DHT11, 179–189

digital audio

creating, 296

example program, 298–303

playing, 296–297

sketch, 300–303

storing, 296

digital I/O

digitalRead( ) function, 66–67

digitalWrite( ) function, 67

INPUT pins, 66

INPUT_PULLUP pins, 66

OUTPUT pins, 66

pinMode( ) function, 66

voltage and, 65

digital sound files, 292–294

digitalRead( ) function, 66–67, 353

digitalWrite( ) function, 67, 308, 353

diodes, 54–55

laser, 55

LEDs (light-emitting diodes), 55–56

Schottky diodes, 55

Tunnel diodes, 55

Zener diodes, 54–55

DIP (Dual In-Line Package) chips, 57

disconnect( ) function, 177–178

displayLogos( ) function, 355

DMA (Direct Memory Access), 5

DNS (Domain Name Service), 153

double data type, 37

downloads, Arduino software, 27–28

DRAM (Dynamic RAM), 102

drawBMP( ) function, 355

drawCompass( ) function, 355

Dual Scan (DSTN), 227

E

Eclipse, 29

EDGE (Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution), 274

editor, 28

EEPROM (Electronically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory), 5, 103

Arduinos and, 103–104

example program, 110–113

library, 104

reading bits, 105–107

reading bytes, 104–105

reading strings, 107–108

values, reading/writing, 108–110

writing bits, 105–107

writing bytes, 104–105

writing strings, 107–108

nonvolatile memory, 114

storage, preparation, 113–114

effective sampling rate, audio, 293

EIA (Electronic Industries Association), 50

electricity, 46

amperage, 47, 48

circuits, 46

Ohm's law, 49

resistance, 47, 48

voltage, 47–48

electronic components, 23, 49–50

breadboards, 56–57

capacitors, 53–54

diodes, 54–55

LEDs, 55–56

inputs, 57–58

outputs, 57–58

resistors

usage, 52–53

values, 50–52

tolerance, 47

transistors, 56

electronics, 45–46

electricity and, 46

embedded systems, debugging and, 86–87

encapsulation, 85

encryption

types, 177

WEP, 173

Wi-Fi, 172–173

WPA2, 173

end( ) function, 94

EPROM (Electrically Programmable Read Only Memory), 102

chip reprogramming, 102

Esplora, 336–337

Esplora library

buttons, 339–340

buzzer, 340–341

example program, 342–344

LCD module, 342

RGB LED, 337–338

sensors, 338–339

TinkerKit, 341–342

Ethernet

Arduino as client, 157–158

fetching example program, 161–162

sending/receiving data, 158–161

Arduino as server, 163–165

sketch example program, 165–167

cables, 151

hubs, 151–152

library

importing, 154–155

starting, 155–157

overview, 150–151

PoE, 152

switches, 151–152

EthernetClient object, 157–158

examples, libraries, 415

Exploring Arduino (Blum), 26

external libraries, 381–383

F

farad, 54

FAT (File Allocation Table), 213

fetching, example program, 161–162

FileIO library, 366–367

files

digital sound files, 292–294

SD library

closing, 216–217

opening, 216–217

reading, 217–218

writing, 217–218

source files, 25

filesystem, SD cards, 212

Firmata, 262

Firmata library, 262

callbacks, 264–266

messages

receiving, 263–264

sending, 263

Firmata protocol

example program, 268–269

SysEx, 266–267

Flash memory, 210–211

Arduinos and, 103

float data type, 37

floppy disks, 208–209

folders, SD library, 218–219

for loop, 41

frequencies, audio, 293

Fritzing, 22

breadboards, 396

schematics, 398–402

functions, 34, 42

abs( ), 73

analogRead( ), 68, 353

analogWrite( ), 59–60, 68

attach( ), 264–265

attached( ), 245

attachGPRS( ), 283

attachInterrupt( ), 77–78

autoscroll( ), 198

available( ), 91–92

begin( ), 91, 94, 155, 174–175

beginSD( ), 354–355

beginSpeaker( ), 356–357

beginTFT( ), 354–355

blink( ), 197

circle( ), 231–232

clear( ), 196

clearScreen( ), 355

config( ), 178

connect( ), 157–158

connectServer( ), 86

constrain( ), 73

cos( ), 76

createChar( ), 199

debugPrint( ), 355

declarations, 407–408

delay, 35

delay( ), 70–71

delayMicroseconds( ), 71

detach( ), 245

detachInterrupt( ), 78

digitalRead( ), 66–67, 353

digitalWrite( ), 67, 308, 353

disconnect( ), 177–178

displayLogos( ), 355

drawBMP( ), 355

drawCompass( ), 355

end( ), 94

getKey( ), 328

getModifiers( ), 328–329

getTimeStamp( ), 372

getVoiceCallStatus( ), 281–282

getXChange( ), 329–330

getYChange( ), 329–330

hangCall( ), 282

interrupts( ), 78

isDirectory( ), 219

keyboardRead( ), 352

loop( ), 35, 130, 164

maintain( ), 156–157

map( ), 73–74

max( ), 72–73

micros( ), 71–72

millis( ), 71

min( ), 72

motorsStop( ), 351

noAutoscroll( ), 198

noBlink( ), 197

noCursor( ), 197

noInterrupts( ), 78

noTone( ), 69, 341

parameters, 34

parseFloat( ), 94

parseInt( ), 94

peek( ), 93

pinMode( ), 34, 66

playfile( ), 302–303

pointTo( ), 351

pow( ), 74

print( ), 88–90, 158, 195–196

println, 90

println( ), 158

processInput( ), 264

pulseIn( ), 70

random( ), 74–75

read( ), 104–105, 216–217

readAccelerometer( ), 339

readButton( ), 340

readBytes( ), 92–93

readIR( ), 383

readProx( ), 383

readSlider( ), 338–339

readTemperature( ), 338–339

readUV( ), 383

readVisible( ), 383

receiveData( ), 144

robotNameRead( ), 353–354

robotNameWrite( ), 353–354

RSSI( ), 177

scanNetworks( ), 176–177

SD.begin( ), 215–216

sendAnalog( ), 263

sendData( ), 144

sendDigitalPort( ), 263

sendEmail( ), 189–190

setBitOrder( ), 122

setClockDivider( ), 122, 123

setDataMode( ), 122

setup( ), 35

sin( ), 76

sqrt( ), 74

SSID( ), 177

stop( ), 158

stringCallback( ), 265

tan( ), 76

tone( ), 69, 295, 340–341

updateIR( ), 352

userNameWrite( ), 354

Wire.available( ), 142

Wire.beginTransmission( ), 146

Wire.endTransmission( ), 146

Wire.onReceive( ), 141–142

Wire.onRequest( ), 142

Wire.read( ), 142

Wire.requestFrom( ), 146

write( ), 90, 104–105, 196, 199, 218

WriteBlue( ), 338

WriteGreen( ), 338

WriteRed( ), 338

writeRGB( ), 337–338

G

getKey( ) function, 328

getModifiers( ) function, 328–329

getTimeStamp( ) function, 372

getVoiceCallStatus( ) function, 281–282

getXChange( ) function, 329–330

getYChange( ) function, 329–330

GitHub, 379

GPRS (General Packet Radio Service), 274, 282–284

graphics, TFT library, 231–233

GSM, 272

Arduino and, 276

EDGE, 274

GPRS, 274

mobile data network, 272–273

GSM class, 278–279

GSM library, 276–278

example application, 285–288

GPRS, 282–284

GSM class, 278–279

modem class, 284

sketch, 286–288

SMS class, 279–281

VoiceCall class, 281–281

H

.h files, 406

hangCall( ) function, 282

hardware

LED connections, 60

LiquidCrystal library, 200–201

Scheduler library, 314–315

shields, 392–393

stepper motors, 255

TFT library example, 234

USBH library, 331–332

Wi-Fi, 181–182

header files, libraries, 406–407

hot pluggable devices, 323

hubs, 151–152

USB, 325

I

I²C devices, 134–135

I²C pins, 137

I²C protocol, 135–136

address, 136–137

bus speed, 147–148

communication, 137–139

master communication, 139–141

slave communication, 141–147

example program, 142–146

shields, 148

voltage, 147

ICSP header, SPI bus, 120–121

IDE (Integrated Development Environment), 8, 25

format organization, 381

installation, 26

software download, 27–28

software, 28

IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers), 171

if statement, 38–39

switch/case, 39–40

if…else statement, 38–39

importing libraries, 379–381, 408–409

infrastructure mode, 172

INPUT pins, 66

INPUT_PULLUP pins, 66

inputs, digital pins, 57–58

installation, IDE, 26

software download, 27–28

installers versus archives, 27

int data type, 37

int keyword, 34

interrupts, 76–77

attachInterrupt( ) function, 77–78

detachInterrupt( ), 78

interrupts( ) function, 78

noInterrupts( ) function, 78

interrupts( ) function, 78

I/O functions

analog I/O, 67–68

analogRead( ) function, 68

analogWrite( ) function, 68

microcontrollers and, 67–68

audio tones, 69

digital I/O

digitalRead( ) function, 66–67

digitalWrite( ) function, 67

INPUT pins, 66

INPUT_PULLUP pins, 66

OUTPUT pins, 66

pinMode( ) function, 66

voltage and, 65

pulses, 69–70

IP addresses, 153

ISA cards, 4

isDirectory( ) function, 219

ISR (Interrupt Service Routine), 77

K

Kdevelop, 29

keyboardRead( ) function, 352

keyboards

return codes, 352

USB, 324–325

USBH library, 327–239

keywords

int, 34

void, 34

L

laser diodes, 55

LCD (liquid crystal display), 192–194, 227

Esplora, 337

LCD module, Esplora library, 342

LCD screen, Robot library, 354–356

led variable, 59–60

LEDs (light-emitting diodes), 23, 55–56

connecting

calculation, 58–59

hardware, 60

software, 59–60

Esplora, 336–337

resistors, 58–59

libraries, 42, 405–406

Adafruit Si1145, 384–388

advanced, 410–413

advantages, 378

Bridge, 361–373

closed source, 417–418

coding styles, 416–417

comments, 413–414

distributing, 417

EEPROM, 104–110

reading bytes, 104–105

writing bytes, 104–105

Esplora, 337–344

Ethernet

importing, 154–155

starting, 155–157

example library, 418–427

external, using, 381–383

FileIO, 366–367

Firmata, 262–266

function calls, 406

GitHub, 379

GSM, 276–288

.h files, 406

header files, 406–407

importing, 379–381, 408–409

using imported, 381–383

LiquidCrystal, 194–204

locating, 378–379

README file, 415–416, 427

Robot, 346–360

Scheduler, 306–309

SD, 215–224

Servo, 244

sketches and, 378

SoftwareSerial, 98–99

source files, 406–407

SPI, 121–122

TFT, 228

third-party, 377

example application, 384–388

USBHost, 327–334

WiFi, 174–189

LilyPad Arduino, 14–15

liquid crystal display. See LCD (liquid crystal display)

LiquidCrystal library

cursor, commands, 196–197

example program, 199–204

importing, 194

scrolling, 197–198

text

custom, 198–199

orientation, 197

writing, 195–196

LiquidCrystal object, 194

Logo programming language, 347

long data type, 37

loop( ) function, 35, 130, 164

loops

for, 41

while, 41

M

MAC address, 153

begin( ) function, 155

retrieving, 176

maintain( ) function, 156–157

map( ) function, 73–74

master communication, I2C protocol, 139–141

mathematical functions

abs( ), 73

constrain( ) function, 73

map( ), 73–74

max( ), 72–73

min( ), 72

pow( ), 274

random( ), 74–75

sqrt( ), 74

max( ) function, 72–73

memory

EEPROM, 103

Flash, 103

nonvolatile, 101–102

EEPROM, 114

RAM, 103

volatile, 101–102

messages, Firmata library, 263–264

mice

USB, 325

USBH library, 329–330

microcontrollers, analog I/O and, 67–68

micros( ) function, 71–72

micro-SD cards, 20–21, 211–212

micro-USB, 326

MIDI sound cards, 292

millis( ) function, 71

min( ) function, 72

MISO (Master In-Slave Out), 118

mobile computing, 170

mobile data network

3G, 274

4G, 275

GSM, 272–274

modems, 275

modems, 275

monitors

CRTs, 226–227

DSTN (dual-scan supertwist nematic), 227

LCD, 227

TFT (Thin Film Transistor), 227–228

MOSI (Master Out-Slave In), 118

motor board (Robot library), 357–358

motorsStop( ) function, 351

multimeters, 23

multitasking, 307–308

cooperative, 309–311

music

Arduino Due, 294–297

Robot library, 356–357

N

noAutoscroll( ) function, 198

noBlink( ) function, 197

noCursor( ) function, 197

noInterrupts( ) function, 78

nonvolatile memory, 101–102

EEPROM, 114

noTone( ) function, 69, 341

O

objects, EthernetClient, 157–158

Ohm, 48–49

Ohm's law, 49

open source, 20

OpenWRT, 363

output, debugging and, 86–87

OUTPUT pins, 66

outputs, digital pins, 57–58

P

packets, 152

parameters, 34

parity, 85–86

parseFloat( ) function, 94

parseInt( ) function, 94

parsing data, 93–94

PBASIC, 7

PCB (Printed Circuit Board), 402–404

PCI bus, 5

peek( ) function, 93

peripherals, USB and, 322–323

pinMode( ) function, 34, 66

playfile( ) function, 302–303

playing digital audio, 296–297

PoE (Power over Ethernet), 152

pointTo( ) function, 351

polling, 77

ports, 153–154

pow( ) function, 74

power supply, 23

load, 46

print( ) function, 88–90, 158, 195–196

println( ) function, 158

println function, 90

processInput( ) function, 264

programming. See also sketches

bootloaders, 33

embedded systems, 25

Logo, 347

PS/2 interface, 322–323

pulseIn( ) function, 70

pulses, reading, 69–70

PWM (pulse-width modulation), 68

servo motors and, 243

R

RAM (Random Access Memory), 6

Arduinos and, 103

random( ) function, 74–75

read( ) function, 104–105, 216–217

readAccelerometer( ) function, 339

readButton( ) function, 340

readBytes( ) function, 92–93

reading data

begin( ) function, 94

bytes, 92

multiple, 92–93

end( ) function, 94

parsing, 93–94

peek( ) function, 93

starting communications, 91

readIR( ) function, 383

README file, 415–416, 427

readProx( ) function, 383

readSlider( ) function, 338–339

readTemperature( ) function, 338–339

readUV( ) function, 383

readVisible( ) function, 383

receiveData( ) function, 144

registers, 137

resistance, 47, 48

resistors, 23

LEDs and, 58–59

usage, 52–53

values, 50

color code, 51–52

identifying, 50–52

resolution

ADC, 67–68

DAC (Digital to Analog Converter), 295

LCD, 194

TFT screen preparation, 229–230

RGB LED, Esplora library, 337–338

Robot library, 346–348

control board

controls, 350–351

LCD screen, 354–356

music, 356–357

robot personalization, 353–354

sensor reading, 351–353

example program, 358–360

motor board, 357–358

sketch, 359–360

robotNameRead( ) function, 353–354

robotNameWrite( ) function, 353–354

RS-232, SPI comparison, 119

RSSI (Received Signal Strength Indication), 173

RSSI( ) function, 177

RX (receive wire), 83

S

scancodes, 324

scanNetworks( ) function, 176–177

Scheduler library, 306–307

example program, 313–319

hardware, 314–315

importing, 308–309

multitasking, 307–308

cooperative, 309–311

noncooperative functions, 311–313

sketch, 315–319

schematics, shields, 398–402

Schottky diodes, 55

SCLK (serial clock), 118

scrolling, LiquidCrystal library, 197–198

SD (Secure Digital), 208–211

CD drives, 209

datalogging shields, 213–214

flash memory, 210–211

floppy disks, 208–209

speed, 213

USB (Universal Serial Bus), 209–210

SD cards, 211–212, 219

Arduino accepted, 214

capacity, 212–213

clusters, 220

connecting, 215–216

limitations, 214–215

micro-SD cards, 20–21

TFT library, 232–233

SD library

advanced usage, 220

card operations, 219

cards, connecting, 215–216

example program, 220–224

files

closing, 216–217

opening, 216–217

reading, 217–218

writing, 217–218

folder operations, 218–219

importing, 215

sketch, 220–223

SD.begin( ) function, 215–216

sendAnalog( ) function, 263

sendData( ) function, 144

sendDigitalPort( ) function, 263

sendEmail( ) function, 189–190

sending data, 90

sending text, 88–90

sensors

Esplora library, 338–339

Robot library, 351–353

serial connections

example program, 95–98

starting, 87–88

serial devices, 82

serial ports, 82–83

debugging and, 86–87

RX (receive wire), 83

TX (transmit wire), 83

Servo library, 244

servo motors

connecting, 243–244

disconnecting, 245

example application, 246–250

moving, 244–245

overview, 242–243

precision, 246

PWM (pulse width modulation), 243

safety, 246

schematic, 248–249

sketch, 249–250

setBitOrder( ) function, 122

setClockDivider( ) function, 122, 123

setDataMode( ) function, 122

setup( ) function, 35

shields, 20–21

Arduino Ethernet Shield, 21

Arduino GSM Shield, 22

Arduino Motor Shield, 21

Arduino WiFi Shield, 22

Arduino Wireless SD Shield, 21

breadboard, 395–398

creating, 391–392

components, 394–395

hardware, 392–393

initial idea, 392

types, 394

Fritzing, 22

PCB (Printed Circuit Board), 402–404

schematic, 398–402

software, 393–394

short data type, 37

sin( ) function, 76

sketches, 26

Blink, 29–33

Bridge library, 370–371

comments, 33

digital audio, 300–303

digital thermometer, 128–130

editor, 28

empty, 28

first, 29–33

GSM, 286–288

libraries and, 378

Robot library, 359–360

Scheduler library, 315–319

stepper library, 258–259

TFT, 234–239

uploading, 30–32

USBH library, 332–334

slave communication, 141–147

SMS class, 279–281

software

downloading, 27–28

LED connections, 59–60

LiquidCrystal sketch, 201–204

running, 28

shields, 393–394

SoftwareSerial class, 99

SoftwareSerial library, 98–99

solderless breadboards, 57

solid state, 56

source code, 25

closed source libraries, 417–418

source files, 25

libraries, 406–407

SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface), 118

Arduino Due, 123–125

clock modes, 122

communications, 120

configuration, 119–120

example program, 125–132

RS-232 comparison, 119

sketch, 128

SPI bus, 118

Arduino and, 120–121

configuration, 122

SPI library, 121–122

squrt( ) function, 74

SS (Slave Select), 118

SSID (Service Set ID), 173

connecting to, 175

SSID( ) function, 177

statements

break, 40

if, 38–39

if…else, 38–39

stepper library, 256–259

sketch, 258–259

stepper motors, 254

bipolar, 255–256

controlling, 254–256

example project, 257–259

hardware, 255

unipolar, 255–256

stop( ) function, 158

stop bits, 86

storage

digital audio, 296

EEPROM, 113–114

floppy disks, 208–209

String data type, 37

string data type, 37

stringCallback( ) function, 265

strings

reading, EEPROM library, 107–108

writing, EEPROM library, 107–108

strips, breadboards, 57

surface-mounted components, 384

switch/case, 39–40

switches, 151–152

SysEx, 266–267

T

tan( ) function, 76

TCP/IP protocol, 152

DNS (Domain Name Service), 153

IP addresses, 153

MAC address, 153

ports, 153–154

text

LiquidCrystal library, 195–196

custom, 198–199

orientation, 197

sending, 88–90

TFT library, 230–231

TFT (Thin Film Transistor)

Arduino Esplora, 229

overview, 227–228

TFT library, 228–231

color, 232

example application, 233–239

graphic images, 232–233

graphics, 231–232

hardware, 234

initialization, 228–229

screen preparation, 229–230

sketch, 234–239

text, 230–231

thermocouple, 125

third-party libraries, 377

example application, 384–388

time functions

delay( ), 70–71

delayMicroseconds( ), 71

micros( ), 71–72

millis( ), 71

TinkerKit, 341–342

tolerance of electrical components, 47

tone( ) function, 69, 295, 340–341

transistors, 56

trigonometry, 75–76

constants, 76

cos( ) function, 76

sin( ) function, 76

tan( ) function, 76

Tunnel diodes, 55

TX (transmit wire), 83

U

UART (Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter)

baud rate, 83–84

data bits, 85

parity, 85–86

serial connections, starting, 87–88

stop bits, 86

unipolar stepper motors, 255–256

unsigned char data type, 36

unsigned int data type, 37

unsigned long data type, 37

updateIR( ) function, 352

uploading, sketches, 30–32

USB (Universal Serial Bus), 82–83, 209–210

Arduino Due, 325–237

hubs, 325

keyboards, 324–325

mice, 325

micro-USB connectors, 326

peripherals and, 322–323

PS/2 interface and, 322–323

USB OTG (USB On-The-Go), 324

USB protocol, 323–324

USBH library, 327

example program, 330–334

keyboards, 327–239

mice, 329–330

sketch, 332–334

USBHost, 322

userNameWrite( ) function, 354

V

variables, 36–37

declarations, 34

led, 59–60

VLB (VESA Local Bus) bus, 4–5

VoiceCall class (GSM), 281–281

void data type, 36

void keyword, 34

volatile memory, 101–102

voltage, 47–48

breakdown voltage, 54

digital I/O and, 65

I2C protocol, 147

voltage drop, 52

W

WaveLAN, 171

waves, digital audio, 292–293

wear leveling, 114

web servers, connecting to, 159–161

WECA (Wireless Ethernet Compatibility Alliance), 171

WEP encryption, 173

WEP network, connecting, 175

while loop, 41

Wi-Fi, 171

ad-hoc mode, 171

channels, 172

encryption, 172–173

infrastructure mode, 172

RSSI (Received Signal Strength Indication), 173

SSID (Service Set ID), 173

topology, 171–172

Wi-Fi Alliance, 171

WiFi library

client connections, 178–179

configuring, 177–178

connecting, 177–178

example application, 179–189

hardware, 181–182

importing, 174

initializing, 174–175

network scanning, 176–177

sensor sketch, 182–189

server, 179

WiFi shield, testing for, 175–176

Wire.available( ) function, 142

Wire.beginTransmission( ) function, 146

Wire.endTransmission( ) function, 146

Wire.onReceive( ) function, 141–142

Wire.onRequest( ) function, 142

Wire.read( ) function, 142

Wire.requestFrom( ) function, 146

word data type, 37

WPA2 encryption, 173

WPA-2 Personal network, connecting, 175

write( ) function, 90, 104–105, 196, 199, 218

writeBlue( ) function, 338

writeGreen( ) function, 338

writeRed( ) function, 338

writeRGB( ) function, 337–338

X-Y-Z

XMEGA series, 9

YunClient, 368

YunServer class, 367–368

Zener diodes, 54–55