Survey Database Defaults

Every survey database that is created for a project has settings that you will need to examine and verify. To create a new survey database for a project, click the Import Survey Data button from the Home tab of the ribbon or right-click Survey Databases from Toolspace Survey tab and select New Local Survey Database.

Once the new database is created, you will be able to edit its properties, as outlined in the upcoming exercise. The Survey Database Settings dialog contains these settings:

1. Units Most likely, the Units setting is the only one you will ever need to modify in the Survey Database Settings dialog. Pay close attention to the units (Imperial vs. US Foot) if you choose not to select a master coordinate zone. This section is where you set your master coordinate zone for the database.
2. Potentially, your drawing and your incoming survey data may have different coordinate systems. If you insert any information stored in the database into a drawing with a different coordinate zone, the program will automatically translate that data to the drawing coordinate zone (upon initial import only). Your coordinate zone units will lock in the distance units in the Units section. Although usually not necessary, you can also set the angle, direction, temperature, and pressure specific to the survey database here.
3. PrecisionThis section is where you define and store the precision information of angles, distance, elevation, coordinates, and latitude and longitude specific to the database. Note that this affects display precision for the survey interface and is independent from label precision and drawing precision set in the Drawing Settings dialog discussed in Chapter 1, “The Basics.”
4. Measurement Type Defaults This section lets you tell Civil 3D what type of information to expect when importing survey data from a file. The information can be measurement types, such as angle type, distance type, vertical type, and target type.
5. Measurement Corrections This section is used to define the methods (if any) for correcting measurements. You will probably not need to change anything in this section because most data collectors will have processed this for you.
6. Traverse Analysis Defaults This section is where you choose what types of traverse analysis you want to perform. You can control the method you want to use and required precision and tolerances for each. There are four types of 2D traverse analysis methods: Compass Rule, Transit Rule, Crandall Rule, and Least Squares Analysis.
7. There are three potential types of 3D traverse analyses: Length Weighted Distribution, Equal Distribution, and Least Squares Vertical. Vertical options for Least Squares will be available only if it is first set as the Horizontal Adjustment Method. Of course, you can always choose None to omit that calculation from the analysis.
8. Least Squares Analysis Defaults If you are performing a Least Squares analysis, you must specify 2-Dimensional or 3-Dimensional adjustment type. Use 3-Dimensional if you are performing both horizontal and vertical Least Squares adjustment.
9. Survey Command Window In the rare event that you'll need it, the Survey Command window is the interface for manual survey tasks and for running survey batch files. This section lets you define the default settings for this window.
10. Error Tolerance Set tolerances for the survey database in this section. If you perform an observation more than one time and the tolerances established here are not met, an error will appear in the Survey Command window, and you will be asked what action you want to take.
11. Extended Properties You may work with LandXML files that contain information beyond traditional “P,N,E,Z,D” data. If this is the case, you will want to turn both Extended Properties options to Yes. Create New Definitions Automatically will add extended properties to your survey database and populate the fields from the imported file. Display Warnings For Missing Required Fields will display the Panorama interface if there is missing information in the imported file.
12. Change Reporting It is a great idea to turn this option to Yes by setting Logging Enabled to Yes. This will create an audit trail of changes to the database that occur after import. The changes to the database are stored in a LOG file (*.log) located in the same directory as your survey database. At any time, you can access the contents of the log by right-clicking the name of the survey database and selecting Display Change Report.

When you first configure your survey database settings, it is a good idea to create a test database for setting the defaults. Because survey database settings are independent of which drawing you are in, you can perform these steps with any file open. To create the test database, follow these steps:

1. In the Toolspace Survey tab, right-click Survey Databases.
2. Select Set Working Folder.

   Civil 3D will create a working folder to contain your survey database. Ideally, this will be stored in a network location for your organization's projects. For examples in this book, this will be set to your local C drive.

3. Verify that the C:Civil 3D Projects folder is highlighted and click OK.
4. In the Toolspace Survey tab, right-click Survey Databases and choose New Local Survey Database.
5. Name the new database Test and click OK to continue.
6. Right-click the new Test database and select Edit Survey Database Settings.
7. Set your desired defaults for units, precision, and other options, as shown in Figure 2.2.

   

8. Click the Export Settings To A File button.
   
9. Save the settings to the folder specified in the Survey User Settings dialog (shown earlier in Figure 2.1) as MySettings.sdb_set and then click Save and then OK.

To delete your Test database, you will need to close the database from the Survey tab. To do so, locate the database in Toolspace Survey tab. Right-click it and select Close Survey Database. Using Windows Explorer, you can then browse to the working folder containing the database and delete it. There is no way to delete a survey database from within the software.

The Equipment Database

The equipment database is where you set up the various types of survey equipment that you are using in the field. Doing so allows you to apply the proper correction factors to your traverse analyses when it is time to balance your traverse. Civil 3D comes with a sample piece of equipment for you to inspect to see what information you will need when it comes time to create your equipment. The Equipment Database Manager dialog provides all the default settings for the sample equipment in the equipment database. On the Survey tab of Toolspace, expand Equipment Databases, right-click Sample, and click Manage Equipment Database to access this dialog, shown in Figure 2.3.

Figure 2.3 shows the settings for a specific model of total station—the Trimble S8. When you input this data to an equipment database, consult your instrument's datasheet for specifications. The specifics of total station equipment will vary by manufacturer and model.

You will want to create your own equipment entries and enter the specifications for your particular total station. Add a new piece of equipment to the database by clicking the plus sign at the top of the Equipment Database Manager window. If you are unsure of the settings to enter, refer to the user documentation that you received when you purchased your total station. Also be careful that you aren't applying a correction that hasn't already been applied in the gun itself such as prism offset.

The Figure Prefix Database

The figure prefix database is used to translate descriptions in the field to lines in CAD. These survey-generated lines are called figures. If a description matches a listing in the figure prefix database, the figure is assigned the properties and style dictated by the database (see Figure 2.4).

The Figure Prefix Database Manager contains these columns:

1. Name The figure name is important because it must match the description used by the surveyor in the imported survey file. For example, if the surveyor collects points along the back of curb using the description BC, then there must be a figure name called BC in the figure prefix database in order to create linework or figures with those points using the properties specified in the database. If the figure name doesn't match up with a figure prefix, the linework will be drawn using default settings specified on the Settings tab.
2. Breakline Placing a check mark in this column will allow you to flag a figure as a breakline. The most powerful use of this setting is the Create Breaklines command on the context menu of the Figures collection located within the survey database on the Toolspace Survey tab. Figures with this setting on can be added to the definition of a surface model. Even if you don't flag a figure as a breakline, you can still add it to a surface model manually.
3. Lot Line This column specifies whether the figure should behave as a parcel segment. If a closed area is formed with figures of this kind, a parcel is formed automatically.
4. Layer This column specifies the insertion layer of the figure. If the layer already exists in the drawing, the figure will be placed on that layer. If the layer does not exist in the drawing, the layer will be created and the figure placed on the newly created layer. In the case of the latter, you may need to manually reset the layer properties so your figures display according to your standards. In the case where an incoming figure name doesn't match up with a figure prefix, the newly created figure will be placed on the layer specified for Survey Figure on the Object Layer tab of Drawing Settings. Drawing Settings were discussed in Chapter 1.
5. StyleThis column specifies the style to be used for each figure. Figure styles will override color and linetype of the insertion layer if the style layer is set to something other than Layer 0. See the section on linear object styles in Chapter 19, “Object Styles,” for more information on this type of style.
6. Site This column specifies which site the figures should reside on when inserted into the drawing. As with previous settings, if the site exists in the drawing, the figure will be inserted into that site. If the site does not exist in the drawing, a site will be created with that name, and the figure will be inserted into the newly created site.

Remember that figure prefix databases are not drawing specific. The only reason a drawing is needed is to access the styles that the figures will use.

You'll explore these settings in a practical exercise:

1. Open the drawing 0201_SurveySetup.dwg or 0201_SurveySetup_METRIC.dwg, which you can download from this book's web page, www.sybex.com/go/masteringcivil3d2016.

   This file contains the survey figure styles needed to complete this exercise.

2. In Toolspace Survey tab, right-click Figure Prefix Databases and select New.

   The New Figure Prefix Database dialog opens.

3. Enter Mastering Civil 3D in the Name text box and click OK to dismiss the dialog.

   If you expand the Figure Prefix Database listing, you will see the Mastering Civil 3D entry.

4. Right-click the newly created Mastering Civil 3D figure prefix database and select Manage Figure Prefix Database.

   The Figure Prefix Database Manager will appear.

5. Select the white + symbol in the upper-left corner of the Figure Prefix Database Manager to create a new figure prefix.
6. Click the default name, Sample, and change the name of the figure prefix to BB (for Bottom of Bank).
7. Click the check box next to the word No in the Breakline column. This will turn into a Yes, indicating that it will contain the breakline property.

   Leave the box in the Lot Line column unchecked so that the figure will not be treated as a parcel segment.

8. In the Layer column, select V-SURV-FIGR.
9. In the Style column, select BB.
10. In the Site column, leave the name of the site set to Survey Site.
11. Complete the figure prefix database with the values shown in Table 2.1.

    Name	Breakline	Lot Line	Layer	Style	Site
    BLDG	No	No	V-SURV-FIGR	BLDG	SURVEY SITE
    CL	Yes	No	V-SURV-FIGR	CL	SURVEY SITE
    DL	Yes	No	V-SURV-FIGR	DL	SURVEY SITE
    DW	Yes	No	V-SURV-FIGR	DW	SURVEY SITE
    EC	Yes	No	V-SURV-FIGR	EC	SURVEY SITE
    EG	Yes	No	V-SURV-FIGR	EG	SURVEY SITE
    EP	Yes	No	V-SURV-FIGR	EP	SURVEY SITE
    PPE	No	No	V-SURV-FIGR	ELEC	SURVEY SITE
    PROP	No	Yes	V-SURV-FIGR	PROP	SURVEY SITE
    TB	No	No	V-SURV-FIGR	TB	SURVEY SITE

    Hint: For figures with similar properties, select a figure definition already in the database and then use the Copy Figure Prefix button.
    

12. Click OK to dismiss the Figure Prefix Database Manager.

Keep this drawing open to use in the next portion of the exercise.

You can choose whether lines are automatically formed in the linework code set when they match one of these figure prefixes.

The Linework Code Set Database

The linework code set (Figure 2.5) lists what designators are used to start, stop, continue, or add segments to lines. For example, the B code that is typically used to begin a line can be replaced with an S, RT can be simplified to R for a right turn, and PC and PT can be used to begin and end curves. Linework code sets allow a survey crew to customize their data-collection techniques based on methods used by various types of software not related to Civil 3D.

Creating a Description Key Set

Description key sets appear on the Toolspace Settings tab, under the Point branch. You can create a new description key set as follows:

1. Right-click the Description Key Sets collection and choose New, as shown in Figure 2.7.

   

2. In the resulting Description Key Set dialog, give your description key set a meaningful name, such as your company name.
3. Click OK.

You'll create the actual description keys in another dialog.

Creating Description Keys

To enter the individual description key codes and parameters, expand Toolspace Settings tab Point Description Key Set. Right-click the description key set, as illustrated in Figure 2.8, and select Edit Keys. The DescKey Editor in the Panorama interface appears.

To enter new codes, right-click a row with an existing key in the DescKey Editor and choose New or Copy from the right-click menu, as shown in Figure 2.9.

In the following exercise, you'll create and populate a description key set.

1. Continue working in your 0201_SurveySetup.dwg or 0201_SurveySetup_METRIC.dwg file. You must have completed the previous exercise.
2. From the Toolspace Settings tab, expand the Points branch, right-click Description Key Sets, and click New.
3. In the Description Key Set – New DescKey Set dialog, type Mastering Civil 3D in the Name field. Click OK to continue.
4. From the Toolspace Settings tab under the Points branch, expand Description Key Sets, right-click the Mastering Civil 3D description key set, and click Edit Keys.

   The DescKey Editor will open in Panorama.

5. Create the description keys in Table 2.3 by right-clicking a description key line in the list and clicking New or Copy.

   Code	Style	Point Label Style	Format	Layer
   BB*	Elevation Marker	Elevation Only	$*	V-NODE-TOPO
   BLDG*	Linework	No Display	$*	V-NODE-BLDG
   CL*	Elevation Marker	Elevation Only	$*	V-NODE-TOPO
   DL*	Elevation Marker	Elevation Only	$*	V-NODE-TOPO
   DW*	Elevation Marker	Elevation Only	$*	V-NODE-DRIV
   EC*	Elevation Marker	Elevation Only	$*	V-NODE-CONC
   EG*	Elevation Marker	Elevation Only	$*	V-NODE-GRVL
   EP*	Elevation Marker	Elevation Only	$*	V-NODE-PVMT
   FH*	Hydrant (existing)	No Display	$*	V-NODE-WATR
   GS*	Elevation Marker	Elevation Only	$*	V-NODE-TOPO
   GUY*	Guy Wire	No Display	$*	V-NODE-POWR
   IPF*	Iron Pin	Description Only	IRON PIN (F)	V-NODE-PROP
   IRF*	Iron Pin	Description Only	IRON ROD (F)	V-NODE-PROP
   MB*	Mailbox	Description Only	MAILBOX	V-NODE-SITE
   PED*	Telephone Pedestal	Description Only	T PED	V-NODE-COMM
   PP*	Power Pole	No Display	$*	V-NODE-POWR
   PROP*	Linework	No Display	$*	V-NODE-PROP
   TB*	Elevation Marker	Elevation Only	$*	V-NODE-TOPO
   TREE*	Tree	Description Only	$1“ $2	V-NODE-TREE
   TRANS*	Transformer	Description Only	TRANS	V-NODE-POWR
   WM*	Water Meter	Description Only	$*	V-NODE-WATR
   WV*	Water Valve	Description Only	$*	V-NODE-WATR

   You may have noticed an extra description key on the list called New DescKey, which was created by default when the description key set was made. This description key can be deleted by clicking it and selecting Delete from the context menu. Another option would be to edit the entry to represent a description key you need.

When this exercise is complete, you may close the drawing. A saved copy of this drawing (0201_SurveySetup_FINISHED.dwg or 0201_SurveySetup_METRIC_FINISHED.dwg) is available from the book's web page.

Activating a Description Key Set

Once you've created a description key set, you should verify the settings for your commands so that Civil 3D knows to match your newly created points with the appropriate key.

In Toolspace Settings tab, expand Point Commands and right-click CreatePoints. Select Edit Command Settings, as shown in Figure 2.10.

In the Edit Command Settings – CreatePoints dialog, expand the Points Creation category and ensure that Match On Description Parameters is set to True and that Disable Description Keys is set to False, as shown in Figure 2.11.

It is common to have multiple description key sets in your template. You can leverage description key sets for multiple clients or external survey firms that you work with. If you have multiple description key sets, they are all active, but if a set has a duplicate key, the first one Civil 3D runs across will take precedence. For example, if one set uses FL for flowline but a second set uses FL for fence line, the second occurrence of the FL key gets ignored.

You can control the search order from the Toolspace Settings tab Points branch by right-clicking Description Keys Sets and selecting Properties. Figure 2.12 shows the Description Key Sets Search Order dialog. Choose a description key set in the list and then use the arrows on the right side of the dialog to set the order. The set listed first takes first priority, then the second, and so on. Note that the listing in the Settings tab may not reflect the true listing in the properties.

Working with Survey Networks

Once you import survey data into a network, expand the branch to see how Civil 3D helps you make sense of it. In each network, data is organized by type, as shown in Figure 2.19.

1. Control Points Control points are created when data from an FBK file is imported. Inside the FBK, control points are prefaced by NE, NEZ, or LAT LONG. You can force any point to be listed as a control point by right-clicking this collection and selecting New.
   
2. Non-Control PointsKeyed-in points, GPS-collected points, and any point brought in through an ASCII file will appear as non-control points. This is the default type if no other information is known about the point.
   
3. Directions The direction from one point to another must be manually entered into the data collector for the direction to show up later in the survey network for editing. The direction can be as simple as a compass shot between two initial traverse points that serves as a rough basis of bearings for a survey job.
   
4. Setups If you imported data that contains setups and observations, Setups is where the meat of the data is found. Every setup, as well as the points (side shots) located from that setup, can be found listed here. Setups will contain two components: the station (or occupied point) and the backsight. To see or edit the observations located from the setup, right-click Setups and select Edit Setups That Observe. Figure 2.20 shows the interface for editing setups. Backsight orientation and instrument heights can also be changed in this dialog.
   

   

5. Traverses The Traverses section is where new traverses are created or existing ones are edited. These traverses can come from your data collector, or they can be manually entered from field notes via the Traverse Editor, as shown in Figure 2.21. You can view or edit each setup in the Traverse Editor, as well as the traverse stations located from that setup.
   

   

6. Once you have defined a traverse, you can adjust it by right-clicking its name and selecting Traverse Analysis. You can adjust the traverse either horizontally or vertically, using a variety of methods. The traverse analysis can be written to text files to be stored, and the entire network can be adjusted on the basis of the new values of the traverse.

In the following exercise, you will adjust a traverse:

1. Create a new drawing from the _AutoCAD Civil 3D (Imperial) NCS.dwt (_AutoCAD Civil 3D (Metric) NCS.dwt) template file.
2. Navigate to the Toolspace Survey tab.
3. Right-click Survey Databases and select New Local Survey Database.

   The New Local Survey Database dialog opens.

4. Enter Traverse as the name of the folder in which your new database will be stored.
5. Click OK to dismiss the dialog.

   The Traverse survey database is created as a branch under the Survey Databases branch.

6. Expand the Traverse branch, right-click Networks, and select New.

   The New Network dialog opens.

7. Expand the Network branch in the dialog if needed.
8. Name your new network Traverse Practice and click OK.
9. Right-click the Traverse Practice network and select Import Import Field Book.
10. Select the file 0204_Traverse.fbk (0204_Traverse_METRIC.fbk), which you can download from this book's web page, and click Open.

    The Import Field Book dialog opens.

11. Make sure you have checked the boxes shown in Figure 2.22.

    

    There is no linework in this file because it is just traverse shots.

12. Click OK. Double-click your middle mouse wheel to zoom extents to get a look at the imported traverse.

    The Traverse Practice network is now listed as a branch under Toolspace Prospector Survey Networks.

13. Save the drawing as 0204_Traverse.dwg for the next exercise.

Looking back at the Toolspace Survey tab, expand the network you created earlier and inspect the data. You have one control point in the northwest corner that was manually entered into the data collector. There is one direction, and there are four setups. Each setup combines to form a closed polygonal shape that defines the traverse. Notice that there is no traverse definition. In the following exercise, you'll create that traverse definition for analysis.

Continue working in the drawing from the previous exercise:

1. Go to Toolspace Survey Survey Databases Traverse Networks Traverse Practice; then right-click Traverses and select New to open the New Traverse dialog.
2. Name the new traverse Traverse 1.
3. Type 2 as the Initial Station point number and press Enter.

   The traverse will now pick up the rest of the stations in the traverse and enter them in the next box.

4. Verify that the points on the traverse match what is shown in Figure 2.23.

   

5. Click OK.
6. Right-click Traverse 1 in the Item View of Toolspace. Select Traverse Analysis.
7. In the Traverse Analysis dialog, ensure that Yes is selected for Do Traverse Analysis and Do Angle Balance.
8. Select Least Squares for both Horizontal Adjustment Method and Vertical Adjustment Method.
9. Set both Horizontal Closure Limit 1:X and Vertical Closure Limit 1:X to 20,000.
10. Leave Angle Error Per Set at the default.
11. Make sure the option Update Survey Database is set to Yes.

    The Traverse Analysis dialog will look like Figure 2.24.

    

12. Click OK.

The analysis is performed, and four text files are opened that show the results of the adjustment. These files are automatically saved in the survey working folder under the same directory as the survey database (in this example, it should be C:Civil 3D ProjectsTraverseTraverse 1).

Note that if you look back at your survey network, all points are now control points because the analysis has upgraded all the points to control point status. Also, error ellipses are displayed in the drawing area at each station adjusted. The size of error ellipses are controlled by a scale factor set in the Survey Network style. If you are seeing extra-large ellipses, it is not an indication of an extra-large error. Styles will be discussed more in depth in Chapter 19.

Figure 2.25 shows the Traverse 1 Raw Closure.trv and Traverse 1 Vertical Adjustment.trv files that are generated from the analysis. The raw closure file shows that your new precision is well within the tolerances set in step 8. The vertical adjustment file describes how the elevations have been affected by the procedure.

Traverse 1.lso is the output file displaying the adjustments of the traverse analysis. The first part of the file, shown in Figure 2.26, displays the various observations along with their initial measurements, standard deviations, adjusted values, and residuals. You can view other statistical data at the beginning of the file.

Figure 2.27 shows the second portion of this text file (you will need to scroll down to see it) and displays the adjusted coordinates, the standard deviation of the adjusted coordinates, and information related to error ellipses displayed in the drawing. If the deviations are too high for your acceptable tolerances, first check the instrument settings and tolerances in the equipment database. If everything is set correctly, you may need to redo the work or edit the field book.

Figure 2.28 displays the final portion of this text file—Blunder Detection/Analysis. Civil 3D will look for and analyze data in the network that is obviously wrong and choose to keep it or throw it out of the analysis if it doesn't meet your criteria. If a blunder (or bad shot) is detected, the program will not fix it. You will have to edit the data manually, whether by going out in the field and collecting the correct data or by editing the FBK file.

Traverse 1.lsi is the input file for displaying the station-to-station observations of the traverse analysis. This file can be edited and used to rerun the analysis based on the revised observations.

Other Methods of Manipulating Survey Data

Often, it is necessary to edit the entire survey network at one time. For example, rotating a network to a known bearing or azimuth from an assumed one happens quite frequently. To find this hidden gem of functionality, go to Toolspace Survey tab Survey Databases, right-click the name of the database you want to modify, and select Translate Survey Database, as shown in Figure 2.29.

The Astronomic Direction Calculator

The Astronomic Direction Calculator, shown in Figure 2.30, is used to calculate azimuths based on sun shots or star shots. Sun shots are based on solar observations by the hour-angle-method using the multiple foresight procedure. Star shots are based on star observations, usually of Polaris, by the hour-angle-method using the single foresight procedure.

Direct and reverse observations can be created by clicking the Create New Observation Set icon.

Direct and reverse observations can be deleted by clicking the Delete Selected Observation icon.

The Geodetic Calculator

The Geodetic Calculator is used to calculate and display the latitude and longitude of a selected point as well as its local and grid coordinates. It can also be used to calculate unknown points. If you know the grid coordinates, the local coordinates, or the latitude and longitude of a point, you can enter it in the Geodetic Calculator and create a point at that location. Note that the Geodetic Calculator works only if a coordinate system is assigned to the drawing in the Drawing Settings dialog. In addition, any transformation settings specified in this dialog will be reflected in the Geodetic Calculator, shown in Figure 2.31.

The Mapcheck Report

The Mapcheck report computes closure based on line, curve, or parcel segment labels, as you'll see in the following exercise:

1. Open the 0206_Mapcheck.dwg (0206_Mapcheck_METRIC.dwg) file, which you can download from this book's web page.
2. Change to the Survey tab of the ribbon, and select Mapcheck from the Analyze panel to display the Mapcheck Analysis palette.
3. Click the New Mapcheck button at the top of the menu bar.
   
4. At the Enter name of mapcheck: prompt, type Record Deed and press Enter.
5. At the Specify point of beginning (POB): prompt, choose the north endpoint of the line representing the east line of the parcel (the longest line in the file).

   A red glyph will appear to represent the POB.

6. Working clockwise, select each parcel label one at a time.

   Be sure not to skip the small segment in the southwest portion of the site.

   In the northwest portion of the site, you will encounter a label whose bearing is flipped. Before selecting the last segment, you will use the Mapcheck Reverse command to fix this in your Mapcheck report.

7. At the Select a label or [Clear/Flip/New/Reverse]: prompt, type R and then press ↲ to reverse direction.

   The Mapcheck glyph will now appear in the correct location along the segment, as shown in Figure 2.32.

   

8. Select the last line label along the north section of the parcel.
9. Press ↲ to complete the Mapcheck entry.

   The completed parcel should have 12 sides.

10. Select the output view as shown in Figure 2.33 to verify closure.
    

The Coordinate Geometry Editor

The Coordinate Geometry Editor (Figure 2.34) is a powerhouse tool that makes creating and evaluating 2D boundaries easier than before. The functionality introduced with this feature supplants entering parcel data one segment at a time using the Line By Bearing And Distance command. Traverse analysis can be performed on manually entered segments, polylines, or COGO point objects without needing to define them in a survey database.

Boundary data can be entered in the Coordinate Geometry Editor using a mix of methods. As shown in the first line of the traverse shown in Figure 2.34, you can use formulas to enter data. In the example shown, multiple segments with the same bearing have been consolidated into a single entry.

If a value is unknown, such as the distance in line 6 of Figure 2.34, you can enter a U. Civil 3D will calculate the unknown value when you generate the traverse report.

To enter data using points, use the Pick COGO Points In Drawing button to select the points in the direction of the traverse side. You may need to click the chevron button in the upper-right corner of the dialog to expand the toolbar button selection. Note that the direction and distance are entered independently of each other, so you will need to repeat the selection for each column of the table. You can also copy and paste between columns.

If a line has been entered in error, the Coordinate Geometry Editor offers a variety of tools for fixing problems. To remove a line of the table, highlight the row, right-click, and select Delete Row, as shown in Figure 2.35.

Similar to the glyphs you saw in the Mapcheck command, the Coordinate Geometry glyph will appear in the graphic showing the side directions and point of closure, as shown in Figure 2.36.

When you want to run a traverse report, set the report type you want to run from the top of the Coordinate Geometry Editor. If you have unknowns in your traverse, your only option will be to calculate the unknown values. Click the Display Report button to view the results of your entries. Depending on the type of adjustment you chose, your results should resemble Figure 2.37.