Index

a
Adjacent developments 97
Advanced Passenger Train (APT) 35
Advancement Degree of Difficulty 54
Agile project management 81, 230–233, 269
Altshuller, Genrich S. 214
American Air Force Research Laboratory 51, 55
Angel investor 38, 173–183, 244, 269
Applied research 15, 39, 181
A3 problem solving 210–213, 217, 246, 267
As Low As Reasonably Practicable (ALARP) 27, 130–132, 136, 242, 269
ASME–American Society of Mechanical Engineers 78, 167, 269
Association for Advancement of Cost Engineers 86
Attribution error 205
Availability 150

b
Bank lending 174, 178, 179
Belbin, Meredith 187, 188
Big Data 143, 254, 269
BoM–Bill of Material(s) 31, 41, 49, 158, 163, 243, 269
Boothroyd, Dewhurst & Knight 68, 72
Bottlenecks 164, 171, 251
Braun, Karl Ferdinand 14
Breakthrough technologies 97, 112
Brunel, Isambard Kingdom 1, 19
BSI–British Standards Institution 167, 269
Business model 60, 70, 176, 253, 269
Business plans 174, 177, 182

c
CAD–Computer Aided Design 41, 46, 50, 93, 105, 111, 148, 160, 164, 269
Calculation methods 139, 140
Cameron, Gordon 214, 217
Capstone project 4, 269
Cash flow 42, 92, 112, 153, 154, 162, 173–176, 244
CEN‐European Committee for Standardization, Comité Européen de Normalisation 167, 269
Challenger Space Shuttle 26, 32, 33, 118, 208, 242
Change management 10, 28, 161, 219–233
Chesbrough, Henry 99, 115
Collaborative R&D 180, 181, 269
Co‐location 88, 192, 226, 231, 244, 269
Competitive advantage 59, 119, 267
Concept 240, 269
Concept development 95, 159
Confirmation bias 204, 246
Consequence analysis 120–128, 270
Contingency 86, 87
Cooper, Robert G. 91, 94
Copyright 113, 241
Corrective action management 152
Correlation 141, 148
Cost leadership 59, 60, 65
Cost of delayed programmes 162
Cost of failure 23
Cost of Quality (CoQ) 270
Cost tracking 167, 168
Critical path 78, 270
Critical thinking 9, 201–203, 246, 266
Crosby, Philip B. 221, 232, 233
Crowd funding 173, 174, 178, 244, 270
Customer data gathering 104, 106
Cyber‐physical systems 252, 254

d
Database rights 113
Decision making 9, 201–217
Dee Bridge failure 1847 26
Deming, W. Edwards 19, 201, 216
Department of Defense (USA) 43
Department of Energy (USA) 43
Design codes 166, 167, 254
Design “factory” 158
Design for environment 70
Design of Experiments 110, 270
Design rights 113
Detectability 121, 122
DFMA–design for manufacture and assembly 41, 57, 67–69, 270

‘DfX’ 67

Differentiation 59
Digital twins 143, 270
Discounted cash flow (DCF) analysis 112, 153, 159
Disproportion factor 128
Drucker, Peter F. 12, 199, 200
Duty cycle 53, 70, 105, 133, 144, 145, 155, 270

e
Earned value 78

École Polytechnique 1, 10

Economic return from innovation 17, 18, 58, 236
Economic viability & evaluation 95–98, 112
Eight step improvement model 221
Engineering change 237, 270
Engineering work‐in‐progress 164
Ethnography 105
European Framework Programmes 180
Experimental development 15

f
Failures per hundred vehicles, FPHV 118, 150
Fault tree analysis 124, 125, 242, 270
Feynman, Richard P. 22, 33
Financial validation 153
Finite element methods 142, 156
Five factor model 194, 195
Five whys 213, 270
Flow 23, 165, 230, 270
FMEA–failure modes and effects analysis 50, 111, 118, 122–124, 135, 247, 270
Focus strategy 59, 60
Ford, Henry 65, 96
Forming‐storming‐norming‐performing 189
Fourth Industrial Revolution 7, 11, 20, 133, 235, 270
Friends and family funding 173–175, 244, 272
Functional organisation 87
Functional safety 128–135, 242
Funding early stage work 114, 244
Fuzzy front end 13, 93, 240

g
Gantt chart 78, 79, 270
Generative design 250
Global Innovation Index 17
Goal‐directed project management (GDPM) 75, 93, 265, 270
Gordon, Professor Lewis 1

h
Hamel, Gary 224, 233
Hazard 117, 119, 126–129, 134, 135, 270
HAZID 126
HAZOP–hazard and operability reviews 126, 127, 135, 270
Hofstede, Geert 191, 200
Horizon 2020 38, 180
Hoshin Kanri 106, 267, 270
Human dynamics 186, 199, 245, 246
Hyatt Regency Walkway 29

i
IEC61508 129, 135
IMechE–Institution of Mechanical Engineers 115, 270
Incremental change 97, 101, 105, 112, 240
Industrial design 102
Industry structure 62
Information radiator 90
Initial public offering (IPO) 174, 177, 271
Innovation 3–11, 15, 17, 21, 26, 30, 33, 96–100, 113–115, 176, 181–185, 221, 235
Intangible assets 157
Intellectual property 27, 49, 77, 100, 111–115, 167, 172, 175, 177, 241, 271
International cultures 192
International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 31, 167, 271
Internet of Things 6, 70, 143, 148, 159, 254, 271
ISO9001 8, 13, 31, 147, 237
ISO 16290:2013 48
ISO31000:2009 119, 135
ISO/IEC 17025:2005 147
Iterative loops 19, 100

j
Jobs, Steve 1
Johari window 25

k
Kahneman, Daniel 196, 203, 217
Kaizen 271
Kanban 80, 271
Kano model 103–104
Knowledge transfer networks 96
Kotter, John P. 221, 232

l
Laboratory facilities 147
Leadership 88, 101, 182, 193, 194, 198, 199, 223, 225, 226, 228, 245, 247, 266
Lean thinking 22, 236, 251, 271
Learning cycle 19, 20, 23, 266, 267
Lencioni, Patrick M. 186, 200
Leonardo da Vinci 19, 20
Life cycle cost of ownership 71
Life testing 138, 145, 146
Likelihood 82, 83, 103, 117, 119–122, 128, 130, 150, 242, 245, 271
London to Brighton (1896) 118
Loss function 109, 110, 271

m
Make versus buy 48, 66, 263
Management of learning 29, 244
Manufacturing Readiness Level (MRL) 43–54, 157, 237, 262–264, 271
Mass customisation 6, 65, 271
Mathematical modelling–see Modelling & simulation
Matrix organisation 89
McKinsey 60, 72, 253, 254
Mean time between failure (MTBF) 150
Meyer, Erin 192, 200
MIL‐STD‐1629 120, 121, 135
Modelling & simulation 9, 54, 139, 141, 143, 250
Motorola 98
Muda 271
Multi‐physics methods 250
Myers–Briggs 194

n
Nakajima, “Tommy” 210
NASA 36–43, 54, 103, 141, 237, 259
Newton, Isaac 18, 19, 114
Nisbett, Richard E. 206, 217

o
Obeya 89, 267
Open innovation 99, 115, 271
Organisation for Economic Cooperation & Development (OECD) 15, 16, 271
Original equipment manufacturer (OEM) 271

“Over‐the‐wall” 157

p
Patents 113, 241
Peer‐to‐peer lending (P2P) 178, 179, 271
Performance testing 138, 144
Personal development 194, 198, 199
Petroski, Henry 133
Plan‐do‐check‐act 19
Porter, Michael 59, 72
Post hoc fallacy 204
Prevention 271
Private equity 173, 174, 177, 183, 271
Probabilistic risk assessment 128, 271
Problem solving 201–217, 227, 261, 264, 267
Process 13–32, 236, 271
Product development 272
Product development maturity grid 221–222
Product lifecycle management (PLM) systems 6, 160, 272
Product platform 40, 65, 261, 272
Project 272
Project budget 76, 239
Project Charter or Mandate 74, 76, 239, 272
Project description 74, 77, 78, 239
Project management 73–94
Project milestone plan 74, 75, 80, 239
Project monitoring 80, 89, 90, 163, 182, 265, 267
Project‐on‐a‐page 89
Project organisation 87
Proof of concept 14, 39, 44, 50, 64, 260
Prototypes 39, 143–147, 157
Public research funding 18, 42, 174, 180, 181, 241, 245
Pugh, Stuart 78, 161, 172
Pull 23, 80

q
Qualitative risk assessment 122, 131
Quality function deployment (QFD) 50, 106, 111, 240, 272
Quality Management Systems 30, 31
Quantitative risk assessment (QRA) 128, 272
Queues 164, 165, 171, 244

r
R&D credits 18, 181
R&D expenditure 15
R&D–Research & Development 15–18, 32, 99, 113, 175, 179–182, 207, 269, 272
Recruitment 9, 196, 198, 200, 209, 210
Regression to the mean 210
Reinertsen, Donald G. 163, 164, 172
Reliability 27, 45, 117–119, 150, 243
Reliability testing 138, 150
Research 5, 14, 236, 272
Research funding bodies 98
Resource planning 84
Responsibility (RACI) chart 74, 239
Rework 41, 67, 170, 265, 272
Ricardo, David 190
Right First Time (RFT) 22, 272
Risk 9, 23, 74, 82, 83, 117, 239, 241, 272
Risk, definition 117
Risk identification 118
Risk priority number 121, 122
RTO–Research & Technology Organisation 181, 272

s
Safety cases 61, 132
Safety integrity levels, SIL 130, 135
Santayana, George 134
Scalability 157, 272
Science 4, 5, 14, 15, 18, 19, 38, 181, 272
Scrums 81, 231, 273
S Curve 84, 272
Seed funds 176, 272
Selecting people 196, 197, 245, 266
Semi‐conduction 14
Serviceability 148
Servitisation 6, 272
Shewhart, Walter 20
Shute, Nevil 141
Sign‐off 154, 169
Simulation–see Modelling & simulation
Simultaneous engineering 273
SME's–small and medium‐sized enterprises 71, 91, 98, 164, 180, 182, 220, 224, 240, 273
Smith, Adam 190
Snow, Dr. John 208–209, 217
Social return 18, 236
Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), in the USA 135, 167, 272
Software development 149
Sources of ideas 96
Spillover effects 18, 96, 97, 236, 273
Spin‐out companies 100, 220, 247
Sprints 81, 231, 232, 273
Stage‐gate process 30, 37, 41, 90–94, 157, 163, 169, 240
State aid 179, 183
Statistical thinking 201, 207–209, 216, 246, 247
Summers, Lawrence 207, 217
Sunk cost fallacy 205
System 1 & System 2 thinking 203–204
System integrator 124, 273

t
Taguchi loss function 109, 271
Taguchi methods 109, 111, 115, 273
Takeuchi, H. & Nonaka, I. 231–233
Taylor, F.W. 78
Team development 186–188, 190
Technology 5, 273
Technology maturity 35–55, 237
Technology maturity assessment 37, 49
Technology Readiness Level (TRL) 14, 36–55, 157, 237, 259–262, 273
Technology roadmaps 98–99, 240
Test codes 31, 132, 144
Testing 138
Townes, Charles 18
Toyota 90, 211, 229–230, 265–267
Trademarks 113, 241
Trade secrets 113
Transistors 14
TRIZ method 214–216, 246

“T‐shaped” engineers 254

Tuckman, Bruce W. 189, 200

“U” cell 165, 166

UK Automotive Council 38–45, 259
University of Cambridge 1, 10, 115
University of Glasgow 1, 10
Unknown unknowns 24, 26, 133
US ‘X’ aircraft projects 74

v
Validation 7, 137–139, 242, 273
Valley of Death 42, 114, 273
Value Proposition 60, 61, 72, 77, 100, 238, 265, 273
Value stream 23, 266, 273
Value stream mapping 80, 273
Vasa warship 35
Venture capitalists (VC's) 37, 38, 174, 177, 183, 244, 273
Virtual reality 143, 148, 227, 250, 273
Virtual working 192, 193, 200
Voice of the customer 103, 273
Volkswagen Group 65
w
Waste 23, 32, 80, 230, 251, 265, 271
Waterfall model 137, 138, 273
Weibull, Waloddi 151, 152, 156
Wellington, Arthur M. 5
Whittle, Sir Frank 1, 140
Wiesner, Jerome B. 26, 32
Womack, James P. & Jones, Daniel T. 22, 32
Working collaboratively 186, 193, 228
World manufacturing output 58, 238

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