180-degree rule 420
3D see three-dimensional (3D)
A/B Roll editing system 443
accessibility: interfaces 196–8; web design 229–30
accordions: navigation 177, 178
active autofocusing 315
adapters: audio connectors 397
A/D conversion 394
additive color mixing 270
Adobe Illustrator 10, 101, 115, 252, 258, 266
Adobe Photoshop 10, 29–30, 32, 35–6, 48–9, 51, 258, 260, 448; application-specific shortcuts 61; Character panel 249; color picker 271; Glyphs panel 245; mockup 101–2; raster images 266; scaling 275; space 115, 117; system requirements for 50
Adobe Premiere Pro 10, 54, 337, 442–3, 449, 452–9, 461–2, 465, 469, 473, 475
Advanced Audio Coding (AAC) 345
Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) 202
Advanced Video Coding (AVC) 346
agency: interactivity 168, 189
algorithm 28
alignment: principle of unity 130; text 257, 258
Allen, Paul 41
alpha channel 448
alt attributes 230
alternative text 197, 221, 230, 246, 251
alt tags 230
analog 28
analog signal: microphone 378
analog tape formats 334
analog television: legacy of 289
analysis: user-centered design 95–8
anchor 218
angle of view 121, 297–8, 299, 301, 409, 427
animated GIF 11
animation 11
aperture priority mode: exposure modes 321
aperture size 317
Apple Computer 42
Apple Final Cut Pro 10, 54, 442–3, 452–3, 459
APS-C (Advanced Photo System Type-C): image sensor 297–8, 300–2
ARPANET 202
ascender: letterform parts 240
ASCII (American Standard Code for
ASP (Active Server Pages) 228
aspect ratio 116–17, 138, 283–4
ATSC (Advanced Television Systems Committee) 290–1, 292, 345, 347
attribute: tag 205, 206, 208, 218, 221–2, 224
audio 10–11; audio book 14; compression 344, 345; encoding settings 357–8; mixing 460–2; scrubbing 463; sweetening 92, 468
audio connectors: adapters 397; balanced 395–6; cable management 398; RCA connectors 396; tip, ring, and sleeve (TRS) 396; tip and sleep (TS) 396; unbalanced 396–7; XLR 396
Audio Interchange File Format (AIFF) 352–3
audio production: audio 371–2; audio connectors 395–8; audio monitoring 398–402; microphones 376–94; monitoring record levels using volume-unit (VU) meter 398–401; monitoring with headphones or speakers 401–2; over-under wrap 399; sound 371–6; sound check 401; see also microphones
audio track 333, 460; management 468
augmented reality (AR) 173–4, 175
autofocus 315
automatic gain control (AGC) 399
automatic modes: exposure 318–20
auto white balance (AWB) 312, 363
Avid Media Composer 10, 54, 442–3, 452–3, 456, 459, 475
axis of action 420
axis of orientation 145
Baidu Eye 175
balance: perceptual forces 136
bandwidth 73
baseline: letterform parts 240
baseline shift 253
batch computing 40
batch processing 34
benchmarking 97
Berners-Lee, Tim 11, 12, 15, 201, 202
beveling 125, 258; font transformations 259
bidirectional microphone 382, 383
bit (Binary digIT) 43
bit depth: digital audio 339–43, 357–8
bit rate 342–3; video encoding 357
bitstream 337
Blackletter typeface 241–2, 246
blogging 17
Blu-ray disc 68
Blu-ray Disc Association 291
body copy: chunking 149
body tag: HTML document 206
boldface 240; font styles 249–50
boot sequence 47
border property: tables and CSS box model 160, 161
boundary microphone 390
box model: Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) 161
breadcrumbs: navigation 176, 179–80
Bresson, Robert 403
brightness 127
broadcasting 22
B-roll 409, 410, 424; adding over voiceover segments 471–2; edited sequence 445–6; inserting 466–7; natural sound and 408; tips for shooting great 430–1
button 220, 222, 224, 227, 228
camera: angle 409; focal length 411–12; location 406–8; shot designations 421–4; subject location 409–11
Camera RAW 303
canted angle 122
capline 240
carousel interface: navigation 182–4
Cartier-Bresson, Henri 303
Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) 157, 159, 186, 198, 203–4; box model 161; controlling appearance 223–5; graphical user interfaces 169; menus 176
cells: tables 159
center-weighted metering mode: measuring light intensity 307
central processing unit (CPU) 49, 51
character reference 210
checkboxes: forms 187
checkerboard wipe 474
chroma keying 448
chunking body copy 149
cinema standards: moving pictures 287–91
Clark, Jim 371
clickstream 189
clipping: audio monitoring 400
clip 455–6; adding to timeline 466–8
clock speed 51
clock wipe 474
cloud content management systems (CMS) 70–1
CMYK (Cyan, Magenta, Yellow and Black) color model 270
collaborative filtering 189
color: additive mixing 270; correction 92, 468; design element 127–8; dimensions of 127; font 253; gradients 258; principle of emphasis 134; subtractive color mixing 270
command line interface (CLI) 55
communication 4, 6, 27–9, 31; S-M-C-R model of 79; see also visual communication
Compact Flash (CF) card 323
composition 115; rule of thirds 138
compression 277–9; audio 344, 345; image 302–3; video 346–7
compression phase: frequency 375
computer: application software 48–9; connecting drives and devices 72–5; hardware and software 46–55; hardware basics 50–5; human interface 55–61; inside the box 49–50
computer graphics 263
condensed typeface: font styles 250
consumer-generated media (CGM) 20
consumers 81
container format 331, 337–8, 346, 348, 352–3, 356
content management system (CMS) 164
content sharing 17
continuation: perceptual forces 139
contrast: letterform parts 239–40; principle of emphasis 132–4
control track 333
copy: page layout 143
copyright 92
cosmetic customization 189
counter: letterform parts 240
counterform 240
crop factor 301
cropping 275
crossing the line 420
C-stand 434
CTSS (Compatible Time Sharing System) 40
cube spin 474
cultural transcoding 36
cut: video transitions 472
cutaway 408, 409, 443, 445, 450, 475
cuts-only editing system 443
decibel (dB) 367, 373, 374, 400, 465
declarations: HTML document 206
de-interlace 356
democratization of media 20
demographics 94
deployment: user-centered design 105
depth: principle of emphasis 134
depth of field (DOF) 134, 316–18
Dery, Mark 331
descender: letterform parts 240
design 98–105; mockup 101, 102, 103; prototype 104–5; user-centered 99–100; wireframe 100–101, 102, 103
designated market area (DMA) 21–2
design elements: color 127–8; composition 115; dot 118–19; form 123–5; line 120–2; pattern 126–7; positive and negative space 118; shape 122–3; space 115–18; texture 125–6; two-dimensional space (2D) 116–17
design principles: alignment 130; asymmetrical balance 136–7; balance 136; color 134; continuation 139; contrast and value 132–4; depth 134; emphasis 132–5; figure-ground 139–40; perception forces 136–40; proportion 134–5; proximity 129; psychological closure 140; repetition 130–1; rule of thirds 138; similarity 130, 131; symmetrical balance 136, 137; unity 128–31
device settings 354–8; acronym FWIGSS 358–70; audio encoding settings 357–8; bit rate 357; frame rate 357; frame size 356; recording format 356; resolution 356; scanning method 356; video encoding settings 356–7
digital audio encoding 339–43; pulse-code modulation 339–43
digital camera 293: acronym FWIGSS 358–70; DSLR 295; exposure 305–11; exposure modes 318–21; image folders 327–8; renaming images 327; solid-state memory cards 323–4; video cameras 296; see also imaging chain
Digital Cinema Initiatives, LLC (DCI) 291
digital files: cloud storage 71, 72; collaboration 72; file management 64; file sharing 71, 72; fixed storage 65; flash memory 68–9; magnetic storage 69–71; optical disk 66–8; removable storage 66; saving and managing 61–2, 65–72; storage solutions 65–72; synchronization 72
digital images: management 325, 327–8; metadata 326–7; transferring and managing 325–8
digital imaging 264–82; raster images 266, 267–80; vector graphics 266, 280–2
digital revolution 43–5; from bits to bytes 44–5
digital single lens reflex (DSLR) 294–7, 300–302, 393, 426, 429; autofocus 315; exposure mode 318; memory card 323; optical viewfinder 406; recording format 337; settings 58, 361, 367
digital tape formats 334
Digital Television (DTV) 289–90
digital versatile disc (DVD) 68, 92; menu 144, 165, 169; transport controls 463; video 342, 345
digital zoom 299
digitization 32
direct-attached storage (DAS) 65
director 90
display screen standards 282–4; aspect ratio 283–4, 285
dissolve: video transitions 473–4
distribution: text 257
dithering 280
Divine Proportion 151
Dolby Digital (AC3) 345
Dreamweaver 176, 203, 224, 228, 230–1, 240
dropdown lists: forms 187
drop shadow: font transformations 259, 260; graphic design 125, 134, 280; text 258, 449
DSLR see digital single lens reflex
duration: transition properties 475
Dutch tilt 122
DVB (Digital Video Broadcasting) 291, 345, 347
DVD see digital versatile disc (DVD)
Dvorak, John C. 441
dynamic page 164
editing: nonlinear (NLE) 441–3; see also time-based editing
EDTV (enhanced definition television) 290
effects 467
electret condenser microphone 380
Electronic Numerical Integrator and Calculator (ENIAC) 40, 41
element: HTML 202, 204, 205–9, 216–17, 218, 221–2, 228–9
email: creating link in HTML 221
emphasis 128, 132–5; color 134; contrast and value 132–4; depth 134; proportion 134–5
encoding 337
equalization: sound systems 377
establishing shot 408, 422, 431, 443
evaluative metering mode: measuring light intensity 307
EXIF (Exchangeable Image File Format) 326
executive producer 83
expanded typeface: font styles 250
exposure: aperture 309–10; digital camera 305–11; flash control 307–8; iris 364; measuring light intensity 307; meter 307; triangle 308–11; value 308, 309
exposure modes: action 319; aperture priority 321; automatic 318–20; digital camera 318–21; fully automatic 318; landscape 319; manual 321; night 320; portrait 319; program 321; semi-automatic 321; shutter priority 321, 322; sports 319
extreme wide shot (EWS) 422
fade: video transitions 473
fat footer 181
favicons 279
feedback: soliciting and applying 194–5
Fetter, William 263
field: interlaced scanning 287
field of view 116, 405–12; camera angle 409; camera location 406–8; focal length 411–12; subject location 409–11
figure-ground: perceptual forces 134, 136, 139–40
file: file manager 62–3; format 337; management 64; naming conventions 214; sharing 71, 72; system 62–3
file-based recording formats 337–8
File Transfer Protocol (FTP) 201, 212, 213, 230–1
filler text 161
fill light 407, 435, 436–7, 439
film grammar 414–19; frame 414; scene 416–17; sequence 417–19; shot 415; take 415
FiLMiC Pro 355
fixed focal-length lenses 297–8
fixed storage 65
flags: light modification tools 433–4
flicker fusion threshold 287–8
floating graphic 157
fluid layouts 165
focal length 304, 310, 317, 318; field of view 411–12
focal length multiplier (FLM) 301–2
focus: autofocus (AF) 315; autofocus and manual mode 359–61; camera functions 358, 359–62; manual 316; rack 362; zoom controls 361, 362
folders: managing digital files 56, 62, 64
font 236; color 253; family 236, 237; management 254–5; size 251–2; transformations 258–9, 260
Font Book 255
font styles 248–55; ALL CAPS or SMALL CAPS 250–1; anti-aliasing 254; baseline shift 253, 254; boldface 249–50; condensed or expanded type 250; font color 253; italics 249–50; management 254–5; size 251–2; strikethrough 251; superscript/subscript 254; true and faux 248–9; underline 251
footers: website interface 180–1
form: content and form 110, 112–13; design element 123–5
formal balance 136
form factor: microphones 383–90
forms: interface component 187–8
frame: film grammar 41; image 116, 121, 136, 138, 464-5; raster scanning 285
frame rate 287, 290, 347, 352, 356, 357, 368; video encoding 357
frame size: video encoding 356
freeze frame 414
Fresnel: lighting instruments 438, 439, 440
full-frame image sensor 300
full-screen graphic 448
fully automatic mode: exposure modes 318
functional customization 190
FWIGSS: acronym for digital device 358–70; focus 358, 359–62; gain 358, 367; iris 358, 364–7; shutter speed 358, 367–8; sound 358, 368–70; white balance 358, 362–3, 364
gain: camera function 358, 367; sound system 377
Garalde typeface 242
Garrett, Jesse James 81
Gestalt psychology 128, 139, 263
gestures 56, 171, 173, 175, 183
GIF 11, 32, 35, 63, 246, 338, 448; animated, 11; raster image format 266, 280
gigabyte 62
Golden Ratio 151
Google 9; Google Drive 70, 71; Google Glass 174, 175
Gothic 241
GPS (Global Positioning System) 173, 285
gradient fill: font transformations 259
graphical user interface (GUI) 55–7, 168
graphics 9–10, 263, 264, 467; designing for television 449–50; digital imaging 264–82; graphics card 54; graphics processing units (GPUs) 54–5; graphic vectors 139; video 447–50
grayscale 127
great depth of field 316
grid system 152–9; anatomy of 155; common structures 155–6; graph paper 153, 154; modular grid 158–9; multicolumn grid 156–7; single-column grid 156
Gutenberg diagram 145
Gutenberg, Johannes 235, 236–8, 241–2
halftone image 119
Hall, Justin Allyn 39
hard-disk drive (HDD) 65
hardware 46; basics 50–5; CPU 51; inside the box 49–50; system memory 52–5
hashtag 9
HDTV (high-definition television) 290, 345, 347
head: HTML document 206
headings 149
headline 149
headphones: audio monitoring 401–2
hierarchy: visual 148; websites 214–15
high-key image 133
horizontal dropdown menus: navigation 177, 178
horizontal wipe 474
hue 127
human-computer interaction (HCI) 167
human interface: computers 55–61; graphical user interface (GUI) 55–7; keyboard 57–61; mouse 55–7
human interface device (HID) 55
human vision: peripheral 405; understanding 404–5
hypercardioid microphone 382, 383
hyperlinks: adding image information 221–2; creating and managing 218–22; email links 221; linking images 221–2; linking to external sites 220; linking within the website 218–20; navigation bar 220
hypermedia 8
Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) 7, 168, 202; basic elements 205; body 206; declarations 206; demystifying code 202–9; head 206, 208; HTML5 202; sections of document 206
hypertext reference 218
Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) 212–13
IBM PC 41
illusion of apparent motion 287–8
image optimization 279
image sensor 295, 296, 299, 300–4; compression 302–3; image encoding 302–3; image resolution 302; sensor size 300, 301
image stabilization: photography 322–3
imaging chain: compression 302–3; decisive moment 303–4; digital camera 296–304; image encoding 302–3; image resolution 302; image sensor 300–3; iris 299; ISO 310–11; lens 297–8; prime lenses 297–8; sensor size 300, 301; shutter 300; shutter speed 311; zoom lenses 298
implementation: user-centered design 105
index vectors 139
informal balance 136
inline elements: HTML 207
inline graphic 157
inner glow: font transformations 259
IN points: video editing 442, 470–2
input prompt 188
inside stroke: font transformations 259
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 73, 74
intellectual property 92
interactive media 81
interactive multimedia 15
interactivity: user interfaces 167–8
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) 62, 244, 344–5, 349
International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 93; ISO Film Speed system 310–11
International Telecommunication Union (ITU) 344, 348
Internet: history of 202
Internet Protocol (IP) address 213
interview: tips for shooting 412
IPTC (International Press Telecommunications Council) 327
iris 299; camera function 364–7
italics 240, 247; font styles 249–50
JavaScript 186, 202, 208, 220, 228
JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group) 277–9, 279
jump drive 69
Kanizsa’s triangle 141
Kay, Alan 42
kerning: character spacing 256
keyboard 57–61; basics 57, 58; character keys 58–9; function keys 60; keystroke combinations 60–1; modifier keys 59; shortcuts 60
keying 448
kickoff meeting 95
kilobyte 62
Kodak Corporation 294
Kuhn, Thomas 19
landscape mode: exposure modes 319
layout 143, 145–8; above the fold 180, 181; see also page layouts
learnability 191
LED (light-emitting diode) lamps 438–9, 440
lens: fisheye 298; prime 297–8; short 297; telephoto 297–8; variable focal-length 298; wide-angle 297; zoom 298, 299
light: angle of 433; flags 433–4; fluorescent and LED lamps 438–9; hardness 125; incandescent lamps 435, 438; lamp technologies 435, 438–9; modification tools 433–5; scrims 434–5; three-point
lighting 124–5, 432–9; color temperature 313; design element 124–6; hard 432–3; photography 314; reflected 433; soft 432–3
line: curved 121–2; design element 120–2; diagonal and straight 121
Local Area Network (LAN) 70
logging and batch capturing 456–7
long shot 422
loudness 375
lower-third graphic 447
low-key image 133
machine-to-machine editing 442
macro lenses 298
Manovich, Lev 27, 28, 30–2, 36
manual focus 316
manual mode: exposure modes 321
manuscript grid 156
Marcotte, Ethan 195
margins 155
mass audience 21
McLuhan, Marshall 3, 36, 112–13
mean line: letterform parts 240
media stickiness 168
megabyte 62
memory cards 68, 69; camera 324–5; comparison 352; file-based recording 337; formatting 353–4; media files 455; Panasonic P2 349–50; S-by-S 349; shot 415; solid-state 323–4
menus: horizontal dropdown 177, 178; navigation 176, 177, 178; vertical dropdown 177, 178
metering modes 307
microblogging 17
Micro Instrumentation and Telemetry Systems (MITS) 40
microphones: bidirectional 382, 383; boundary 390; built-in or external 391–2; cardioid 382, 383; classifying by form factor 383–90; classifying by polar pattern 381–3; classifying by transducer type 378–80; condenser 379, 380; dynamic 378–9; function 377–8; handheld 384–5; hypercardioid 382, 383; lavalier 385–8; moving-coil 379; omnidirectional 381, 382, 383; proximity effect 386; ribbon 379–80; shotgun 382, 383, 388–9; supercardioid 382, 383; ultracardioid 382, 383; unidirectional 382, 383; USB 394; wireless 392–4; see also audio production
Microsoft 41; OneDrive 70, 71, 72; Windows 13, 50, 164
mobile app 49
modules 155
monitoring: audio 398–402; headphones 401–2; using volume-unit (VU) meter 398–401
monospaced 240
Moore, Gordon 52
Moore’s law 52
Morse, Samuel 45
motherboard 49
motion: primary 424–5; secondary 425–30; tertiary 430
motion graphics 11
motion tracking interfaces 173
motion vectors 139
moving-coil microphone 379
moving images: ASTC (Advanced Television Systems Committee) 290–1, 292; digital cinema standards 291; digital television 289–90; DVB (Digital Video Broadcasting) 291; fields 287; illusion of apparent motion 287–8; interlaced scanning 286; progressive scanning 286; raster scanning 285–7; television and cinema standards 287–91
MP3 (MPEG-1 audio layer III) 344–5
MPEG (Moving Picture Experts Group): high efficiency video coding/H.265 348–9; MPEG-1 audio layer III (MP3) 344–5; MPEG-2 345; MPEG-4 346–8
MS-DOS (MicroSoft-Disk Operating System) 42
multi-camera editing 452
multimedia 3–4; animation 11; audio 10–11; container 338; defined 6–7, 9–11; graphics 9–10; legacy 4–6; text 6–7, 9; video 10; web content 228–9
MultiMediaCard (MMC) 324
multi-touch interfaces 170, 199
naming conventions: file 214
narrowcasting 24
natural sound 408, 431, 446; inserting 466–7
navigation: accordions 177, 178; menus 176, 177, 178; primary 176, 179; secondary 176; tabs 177, 179; user interface 175–9; website 213–15
navigation bar 220
negative space 118
Negroponte, Nicholas 25, 37, 43
Nelson, Ted 8
nesting: file management 64; tags 206, 207
network 201–2; servers 213; URL address 212–13
network-attached storage (NAS) 65, 70
network card 50
neutral density (ND) filters 365
new media 20, 25–36; automation 32–4; convergence 29–30; cultural transcoding 36; five principles of 28–36; numerical representation 28–9; structural modularity 30–2; variability 34–6
news aggregators 17
Next Generation Broadcast Television 291
night mode: exposure modes 320
NLE see nonlinear editing (NLE)
nondestructive editing 441
nonlinear editing (NLE) 10, 441–3; adding clips to timeline 466–8; capture files 456–7; components of NLE interface 459–65; keyboard shortcuts 464; media files and media clips 455–6; pioneers 459; project file 454; project folder 453–9; project panel 459; render files 457–8; source and program monitors 463–5; timeline 460–2
normal lens 298
Norman, Don 77
novelty lenses 298
NTSC (National Television Standards Committee) 289, 290, 334, 336, 356
Nyquist, Henry 340
Oblique typeface 240
old media 4–6, 17–25, 27; characteristics of 19; consumer as producer 20; large audience 21–4; large organization 19–20; paradigm shift 19, 20; simultaneous delivery 25
omnidirectional microphone 381–3
open standards: video and audio encoding 343–9
operating system software (OS) 41–2, 47–8
optical drive 50
optical zoom 299
outer glow: font transformations 259
OUT points: video editing 442, 470–2
outside stroke: font transformations 259
over-the-shoulder shot 421, 422
over-under wrap 399
page layouts 143; chunking 149; fixed layouts 164–5; F-layout 145–7; fluid layouts 165; grid system 152–9; Gutenberg diagram 145; headings 149, 150; organizing content on 143–4; static and dynamic pages 164; tables 159–60; Z-layout 147–8
page peel: video transitions 474
Palo Alto Research Center (PARC) 55, 56
PAL (Phase Alternating Line) 289, 334
pan: secondary motion 428
Panasonic P2
parallax scrolling 186
parent folder 64
parentheticals 85
passive autofocus 315
pattern fill: font transformations 258
pedestal motion 428–30; dolly, truck and arc 429–30; pedestal up and down 428–9
perceptual forces 136–40; asymmetrical balance 136–7; balance 136; continuation 139; figure-ground 139–40; psychological closure 140; symmetrical balance 136, 137
peripheral vision 405
permissions: intellectual property 72
personal computer (PC): history of 39–43
perspective 121
phantom power 369, 370, 379–81, 385, 389, 393
photography 265, 293–6; analog 265; aperture size 317; consumer cameras 294–5; focus 315–16; image stabilization 322–3; prosumer and professional cameras 295–6; quality lighting 314; video cameras 296; white balance 312, 315; see also imaging chain
PHP (Hypertext Preprocessor) 228
pickup pattern 381
picture element 267
pistol grip 389
pixel count 272
pixel dimensions 272
pixel perfect 283
playhead 463
PNG 32, 35–6, 266, 279, 338, 348
point 252
pointer file 456
point of view: camera location 406–8
point size: letterform parts 240, 252
polar pattern: microphones 381–3
portrait mode: exposure modes 319
positive space 118
posture: letterforms 240
preproduction: AV script format 86–7; corporate producing 82–4; entertainment and news producing 83–4; previsualization 84–8; screenplay format 88, 89; script 85–7, 88; storyboard 85, 86; treatment 85
pressure zone microphone (PZM) 390
primary optical area 145
production: Three Ps model 88, 90–1, 404
Professional Disc 349
program mode: exposure modes 321
project director 95
project file 454
project folder 453
project planning: audience 79–81; creativity 78–9; postproduction 82, 92, 93; preproduction 82–8; production 82, 88, 90–1; road map 77–81; users 81
project team 95
proportion: principle of emphasis 134–5
proprietary standards: video and audio encoding 349–53
protocols: web design 201, 212–13, 219, 230
proximity: principle of unity 129
proximity effect 386
psychological closure: perceptual forces 140, 141
pulse-code modulation (PCM) 339–43; bit depth 340–1; bit rate 342–3; sample rate 340
quantization 341
QuickTime 15, 34, 338, 347, 352, 459
rack focus 362
radio buttons: forms 187
ragged right: text 257
RAM (random access memory) 49, 52–5
Rand, Paul 109
rarefaction phase: frequency 375–6
raster images: anti-aliasing 276; color space 270–1; compression 277–9; cropping 275; defining 272–4; digital imaging 266, 267–80; formats 279–80; pixel count 272, 273; pixel density 272–4; pixel dimensions 272; resampling 275, 276; resolution 269, 272–4; scaling 274, 275
raster scanning: moving images 285–7
RCA (Radio Corporation of America) connector 396, 397
Reagan, Ronald 269
Real-Time Streaming Protocol (RTSP) 212
reciprocity law 305
recording formats 331; analog tape formats 334; device settings 354–8; digital audio encoding 339–43; digital tape formats 334; file-based 337–8; formatting memory cards 353–4; legacy television 332–5; timeline of videotape formats 335–7; videotape 333
Red Book Standard 342
RED Digital Cinema Camera 296, 350, 351, 404
red-eye reduction 308
reflected light 433
reflector: light modification tools 365, 433, 434, 435, 437, 439
refresh rate 286
relative URL 219
removable storage 66
repetition: principle of unity 130–1
resampling: raster image 275, 276
resolution: dependent 266, 274; image 302; native 282; pixel 272–4; raster image 269; video encoding 356
responsive web design 195, 196
RGB (Red, Green and Blue) color model 270, 271
Rich Internet Applications (RIAs) 14–15
rich media 15
Roche, Peter 269
Roman typeface 240
sample 28
sans serif typefaces 243
saturation 127
scaling: raster image 274, 275
scanning: moving images 285–7; video encoding 356
Schram, Wilber 79
Schremp, Rick 201
scoop: lighting instruments 439, 440
scratch disk 453
screenplay 88, 89; script format 88, 89
scrims: light modification tools 434–5, 440
script: previsualization 85–7, 88
SDTV (Standard Definition Television) 290
search engine optimization (SEO) 7
SECAM (Sequential Color and Memory) 289
secondary navigation 176
Secure Digital (SD) card 323
selective focus 316
Semantic Web 15
semi-automatic modes: exposure modes 321
sequence motion 430
serial bus 73
server 201, 202; IP addresses 213; naming convention 214; network 212–13; uploading website to 230–1
shallow depth of field 316
Shannon, Claude 79
Shannon–Weaver model 79
Shneiderman, Ben 167
short lighting 125
short-range apparent motion 287
shot: film grammar 415; shot list 424
shot designations 421–4; close-up 422–4; medium shot 422; mix it up 424; wide shot 422
shotgun microphone 382, 383, 388–9
shutter priority mode: exposure modes 321, 322
shutter speed 298, 300, 326, 364, 367–8; camera function 358, 367–8
similarity: principle of unity 130, 131
single-column grid 156
site design 215
slide wipe: video transitions 474
smartphone 10, 12, 25, 29, 31, 37, 46–9
S-M-C-R model of communication 79
social bookmarking 17
social networking 17
softbox: lighting instruments 439
software 46; app 25, 49; application 48–9; operating system 41–2, 47–8
solid-state hard drives (SSDs) 65
solid-state memory cards 323–4
Sony SxS Memory Card 349
sound 372–6; amplitude 373–4; audio and 371–2; camera function 358, 368–70; connections and signal flow 368–70; equalization 377; frequency 374, 375–6
sound check 401
sound effects (SFX) 10, 92, 462, 467, 468
sound on tape (SOT) 371, 408, 460
sound pressure wave 372–5, 379, 390
space: design element 115–18; negative 118; positive 118; two-dimensional (2D) 116–17; white 118
spatial zones 155
speakers: audio monitoring 401–2
splash page 164
split edit 460
splitting cells: tables 159–60
sports mode: exposure modes 319
spot metering mode: measuring light intensity 307
static page 164
still image 264, 279, 296, 302; animation 11; frame 414, 418, 424, 442, 451; graphics 9
stitching mode 320
storage 65
storyboard: previsualization 85, 86
stress: letterform parts 239–40
strikethrough: font styles 251
stroke: font transformations 259, 260; letterform parts 239–40
style sheet 157, 159, 161, 169, 198
subscript 254
subtractive color mixing 270
supercardioid microphone 382, 383
superscript 254
super-telephoto lenses 298
system memory (RAM) 49, 52–5; requirements for application software 54
tables 159–60; creating 222–3; defining 159; merging cells 159–60; splitting cells 159–60
tag 7, 9, 204, 206–9; alt tags 230; anatomy of 208, 209; HTML 204, 205; HTML5 206, 207; lists 217, 218; nesting 206, 207; tag name 208
tailoring 188–91; customization 189–91; personalization 188–9
take: film grammar 415
Talbot, William Henry Fox 119
target audience 80
target market 80
teleprompter 444
television: designing graphics for 449–50; legacy of analog 289; standards for moving pictures 287–91
terabyte 62
tertiary motion 430
text: alignment 257, 258; character and line spacing 256–7; distribution 257; justification 257, 258; kerning 256; leading 256–7; legibility 238–9; multimedia 6–7, 9; readability 238–9; tracking 256; text fields 187, 188
text user interface (TUI) 56
theory of perceptual grouping 128
“think outside the box” 98
Thomson, William 312
three-band equalization 377
three-dimensional (3D) 122, 124; effects 474; modeling program 124; transition 474
Three Ps model 82–2, 94; postproduction 92, 93; preproduction 82–8, 89; production 88, 90–1, 404
thumb drives 69
tilt: secondary motion 428
time-based editing: adding clips to timeline 466–8; B-roll 445–6; building blocks of edited sequence 443–50; continuity editing 450–1; cut-ins 450–1; cuts 472; dissolve 473–4; editing scenario 470–2; face 473; graphics 447–50; multi-camera 452; music and sound effects 447; natural sound 446; NLE project folder 453–9; nonlinear editing (NLE) 441–3; pre-scripted elements 443–4; sound bites 445; track management 468; transition properties 474–5; transitions 472–5; unscripted or post-scripted elements 444–7; voiceover 446–7; wipe 474
timecode 463
timeline 460–2; adding clips to 466–8; IN point in 471
titles 467
tonal range 133
top-level domain (TLD) 212
touch user interfaces 170, 171
track: audio and video 460; management 468
tracking: character spacing 256
transcoding 338
transducer: microphones 378–80
transitional typefaces 242–3, 246, 247
transitions 472–5; adding 467; cut 472; dissolve 473–4; fade 473; properties 474–5; wipe 474
transport controls 463
treatment: previsualization 85
tripod 406, 427–8; handheld motion 426; image stabilization 322–3; shooting B-roll 430–1
truck: secondary motion 429–30
true color 271
TS/TRS (tip and sleeve/tip, ring, and sleeve) connectors 396, 397
tungsten lamps 312
two-dimensional space (2D) 116–17
type 235
typeface 237, 261; categorizing 241–6; characteristics 239–41, 246–7; computers and 245–6; decorative 244; posture 240; proportions and letterform parts 240–1; sans serif 243; script 244; serif 241–3; stroke, contrast, and stress 239; symbol 244–5; weight 240
typographic grid 152, 155, 159
UHD (ultra-high-definition) 291
UHDTV (ultra-high-definition television) 348
UI components and features: accordions 177, 178; archives 185–6; breadcrumbs 179–80; carousels 182–4; footers 180–1; home links 179; horizontal dropdown menus 177, 178; managing hierarchy 179–81; menus 176–7, 178; navigation 175–9; organizing content 181–6; pagination 184–5; primary navigation 176; secondary navigation 176; tabs 177, 179; thumbnails 182, 183; vertical dropdown menus 177, 178
ultracardioid microphone 382, 383
umbrella light: lighting instruments 439, 440
underline: font styles 251
unidirectional microphone 382, 383
Uniform Resource Locator (URL) 202; address on Web 212–13
unity 128–31; alignment 130; proximity 129; repetition 130–1; similarity 130, 131
usability 94, 191–5; efficiency 192; error management 192; feedback 194–5; learnability 191; memorability 192; satisfaction 192–3; testing 193–4
USB (Universal Serial Bus) 69, 73–5; drives 69; microphones 394; USB-C connector 74–5
user-centered design (UCD) 82, 93–105; analysis 95–8; card sorting 99–100; conducting research 97–8; deployment 105; identifying target users 96–7; implementation 105; mockup 101, 102, 103; needs assessment 96; prototype 104–5; putting principles into practice 95–105; specifying requirements 97; wireframe 101, 102, 103
User Experience Professionals Association (UXPA) 95
user-generated content (UGC) 20
user interface (UI): accessibility 196–8; augmented reality (AR) 173–4, 175; designer job post 169–70; graphical 168; interactivity 167–8; touch 170, 171; types of 168–74; voice 170, 172; see also UI components and features
Vail, Alfred 45
value: principle of emphasis 132–4
variable focal-length lens 298
vector graphics: digital imaging 266, 280–2
Venetian typefaces 242
vertical dropdown menus: navigation 177, 178
vertical wipe: video transitions 474
video 10, 368; adapter 54; blogging 17; cameras 296; card 49, 54; compositing 460–2; compression 346–7; encoding settings 356–7; film vs. 403–4
video and audio encoding: AIFF (Audio Interchange File Format) 352–3; AVCHD 351–2; high efficiency video coding/H.265 348–9; MEG-1 audio layer III (MP3) 344–5; MPEG-2 345; MPEG-4 346–8; open standards for 343–9; P2 349–50; proprietary standards for 349–53; QuickTime 352; RED Digital Cinema 350, 351; SxS 349; WAV (Waveform Audio File Format) 352–3
video production: 180-degree rule 420; B-roll 408, 430–1; crossing the line 420; field of view 405–12; film grammar 414–19; frame 414; lighting 432–9; lighting instruments 439–40; motion 424–30; natural sound 408; scene 416–17; sequence 417–19; shot 415; shot designations 421–4; sound bite 408; three-point lighting 436–7; tips for shooting B-roll 430–1; tips for shooting interview 412
videotape formats 333; timeline of 335–7
video track 333, 460; management 468
viewfinder 406
Vimeo 17, 346: encoding for 347–8
virtual private network (VPN) 70
visual communication 109–14; aesthetics 113–14; content and form 110, 112–13
visual grammar see film grammar
visual hierarchy 148
vlogging 17
voiceover (VO) 391, 394; B-roll 408, 445, 471–2; edited sequence 444–5; narrative device 446–7; sound bites 445; stand-up 446
VU (volume-unit) meter: monitoring record levels 398–401
Warnock, John 143
warping: font transformations 258
Waveform Audio File Format (WAV) 352–3
wavelength: sound 374
Weaver, Warren 79
Web design: accessibility issues 229–30; background and text colors 225; block quotes 217; characteristics of appearance 225–9; code compatibility 229–30; creating and managing hyperlinks 218–22; creating tables 222–3; file naming conventions 214; font type and style 226; headings 216–17; hierarchy 214–15; HTML5 elements 216; interactive and multimedia content 228–9; link characteristics 226–7; lists 217, 218; margins 225; marking up content 215–23; navigation 213–15; paragraphs 217; planning site structure 213–15; responsive 195, 196; root folder 213; site uniformity and consistency 215; uploading the site to server 230–1; usability 215
web-safe font 246
web user interfaces (WUIs) 168
white balance: camera function 362–3, 364; controls 363, 364; photography 312, 315
white space 118
wide-angle lenses 297
widescreen 284
Windows File Explorer 62
wipe: video transitions 474
wireframe 100–1, 102, 103, 464–5
World Wide Web (WWW) 4, 8, 11–12; browsers 211–12; demystifying code 202–9; history 202; HTML characters 210; HTML elements 205; network 212–13; three generations of 14–16
World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) 159, 202, 208, 211, 224, 229, 230
Wozniak, Steve 42
wrapper file 338
x-axis 116
x-height: letterform parts 240
y-axis 116
YouTube 9, 17, 20, 23, 37, 48, 168, 191, 346, 347–8; encoding for 347–8
zoom lenses 298