Something strange has been quietly taking place at Apple: Typing has been getting a lot of attention.
It began when Apple created system-wide spelling and grammar checkers. For the first time in computer history, the operating system took over typos and grammos. You didn’t have to maintain a separate spelling checker for each program you used. Now there’s just one, and it works in most programs: TextEdit, Stickies, Messages, Mail, Calendar, Safari, Pages, iPhoto, iMovie, and so on. Add a word to the dictionary in one program, and it’s available to all the others.
Today, there’s much more. There’s text substitution, where you type addr and the system types out “Irwina P. McGillicuddy, 1293 Eastport Lane, Harborvilletown, MA, 02552.” (The same system autocorrects common typos like teh instead of the.) There’s also a case-flipping feature that can change selected text to ALL CAPS, all lowercase, or First Letter Capped. These features are available in most Apple programs and in any other programs that tap into OS X’s built-in text-processing circuitry (although not, alas, Microsoft programs).
Your Mac can give you live, interactive spelling and grammar checking, just as in Microsoft Word and other word processors. That is, misspelled words or badly written sentences or fragments get flagged with a dashed red underline (for grammar problems, a green underline) the moment you type them. Here’s the crash course:
Check the spelling of one word: Highlight the word. Choose Edit→Spelling and Grammar→Show Spelling and Grammar. The spell-check dialog box opens, with the proposed corrections visible.
Check spelling as you type. Choose Edit→Spelling and Grammar→Check Spelling While Typing. (If Check Grammar With Spelling is turned on in the same submenu, then you’ll get a grammar check, too.)
Now, as you type, you’ll see those red and green underlines on words the Mac thinks represent spelling or grammar mistakes. To fix one, right-click the underlined word, and proceed as shown in Figure 5-1.
Check spelling after the document is finished. Choose Edit→Spelling and Grammar→Show Spelling and Grammar (or press ⌘-:). The Spelling dialog box appears. The first error it spots appears in the top box, with the proposed corrections in the bottom one.
If you like one of Apple’s proposals, click it and then click Change. If the word was correct already (for example, the guy’s last name really is Teh), then click Find Next (“Leave the word as I typed it”), Ignore (“It’s OK everywhere in this document”), or Learn (“Never flag this word again”).
Handily enough, you can also click Define to look up a highlighted word (one of the spelling suggestions, for example) in the Mac’s built-in Dictionary app. Also handily enough, the spelling checker is smart enough to maintain different spelling checkers (dictionaries) for different languages—and to recognize, within a single document, which language you’re using!
Fix spelling as you type. Note the difference. Checking your spelling just means “finding the misspelled words.” Fixing means autocorrecting the errors as they occur, as you type. You might not even notice that it’s happening!
This most tantalizing option is found in Edit→Spelling and Grammar→Correct Spelling Automatically. And sure enough, when this option is turned on, common typos like teh and frmo and dont get fixed as you type; you don’t have to do anything to make it happen.
Note
If you’re typing slowly enough, you might see the suggestion bubble illustrated in Figure 5-1. That, of course, is a feature Apple brought to the Mac from the iPhone/iPad. It’s saying, “Here’s the word I think you meant—and if you just keep on typing, I’ll go ahead and make the change I’m proposing. If you disagree, click on the X in the word bubble to make me shut up and leave what you typed, just as you typed it.”
Figure 5-1. Top: You’re never more than a right-click away from more accurate spelling. Once you right-click a questionable word, the suggestions of Apple’s built-in dictionary appear right in the shortcut menu, along with the Learn Spelling and Ignore Spelling commands. Bottom: If you’ve opted for autocorrected spelling, you get the little iPhoney suggestion bubble when you pause after typing a word. Ignore it to accept the suggestion; click the X in the bubble to keep what you typed.
It’s not perfect. It doesn’t correct all errors (or even most of them). It occasionally even corrects a word you didn’t mean to have corrected. (When it makes a mistake, hit ⌘-Z, the Undo command, to restore what you typed.) And sometimes it doesn’t make the change until you’re halfway through the sentence.
This useful feature autoreplaces one thing you type with something else. Why? Because it can do any of these things.
For example, the Mac can insert attractive “curly quotes” automatically as you type ″straight ones,″ or em dashes—like this—when you type two hyphens (--like that). It can also insert properly typeset fractions (like ½) when you type “1/2.”
You can see the list of built-in substitutions—and create your own—in the System Preferences→Language & Text→Text tab, as shown in Figure 5-2.
Figure 5-2. This is where you can manage OS X’s typographic substitutions. (In Mavericks, it’s in the Keyboard pane of System Preferences.) You can add all kinds of auto–typo corrections and even boilerplate text paragraphs.
Apple doesn’t want to drive you nuts, though, so it makes sure you’re sure you really want these swappings to take place. So you have to turn on each of these features manually, in each program. (These commands are available anywhere you do a lot of typing, like TextEdit, Mail, and Stickies.)
Auto-quotes. To make the quotes curlify themselves, choose Edit→Substitutions→Smart Quotes, so that a checkmark appears.
Auto-dashes. To turn double hyphens into these (—) long dashes, choose Edit→Substitutions→Smart Dashes, so that a checkmark appears.
Smart links. There’s also an option to create smart links, where any Web address you type turns into a blue, underlined, clickable link to a Web page. Turn on Edit→Substitutions→Smart Links.
Tip
You can also choose Edit→Substitutions→Show Substitutions to make a floating panel appear, complete with on/off checkboxes for all these features.
GEM IN THE ROUGH: Instant Accented Characters, Courtesy of the iPhone
It’s been a problem since the dawn of computing: How do you produce accented characters—lïké thêsë—on a keyboard with only 26 letter keys?
For most of computing history, the answer has been: You bring up some special palette on the screen, or you memorize key combinations. And yes, those options are still available in OS X.
But today, there’s a new option, which Apple stole from its own iPhone software: Hold down the letter you want accented—e, for example. After a moment, you get a pop-up panel of possible accented versions. You can click the one you want, or, if you’d rather not lift your hands off the keyboard, you can type the corresponding number that appears in light gray beneath each letter.
This feature works in almost all programs, although there may be some where it doesn’t…pop up.
Now, if you’re the kind of person who needs accents from time to time, you’re probably delighted with this new, clever way to get them. But if holding down a key produces an accented character, that means holding down a key no longer repeats the key, right? It means you can no longer type, “You go, grrrrrrrrrrl!” or “rated XXXXXXXXX” or “I love you SOOOOOOOOOOO much!” Right?
Right. A few characters that people routinely type lines of, like ***** and ……. and ____, still repeat when you hold them down. But none of the 26 letter keys repeat anymore.
There are, fortunately, a couple of quick and easy ways to restore the old key-repeating behavior, if you’re a “SOOOOO much” kind of person.
The non-intimidating way is to download the free program Lion Tweaks. It’s available on this book’s “Missing CD” page at www.missingmanuals.com. Open it up, and where it says, “Enable repeating keys,” click Yes. Ta-da!
The non-downloading way is to open up Terminal (Saving a report). Type this one line, exactly as it appears here:
defaults write -g ApplePressAnd- HoldEnabled -bool false
…and then press Enter. Log out and back in.
Either way, you’ve just flipped off the switch for the accent picker. Now every key repeats.
You can program addr to type your entire return address. Create two-letter abbreviations for big legal or technical words you have to type a lot. Set up goaway to type out a polite rejection letter for use in email. And so on.
This feature has been in Microsoft Office forever (called AutoCorrect), and it’s always been available as a shareware add-on (TypeIt4Me and TextExpander, for example). But now it’s built right into most Apple programs, plus any others that use Apple’s text-input plumbing.
You build your list of abbreviations in the System Preferences→Language & Text→Text tab, shown in Figure 5-2. See the list at left? Click the 
button to create a new row in the scrolling table of substitutions.
Click in the left column and type the abbreviation you want (for example, addr). Click in the right column and type, or paste, the text you want OS X to type instead.
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Don’t be shy—you’re not limited to short snippets. The replacement text can be pages long, which is handy if you’re a lawyer and you build your contracts out of boilerplate chunks of canned text.
You can even create multiple paragraphs—but not by hitting Return when you want a new line; no, hitting Return means, “I’m finished entering this text” and closes up the box. Instead, press Option-Return when you want a paragraph break.
Here again, you have to explicitly turn on the text-replacement feature in each program (TextEdit, Mail, Stickies, and so on). To do that, choose Edit→Substitutions→Text Replacement, so that a checkmark appears.
That’s it! Now, whenever you type one of the abbreviations you’ve set up, the Mac instantly replaces it with your substituted text.
The final chunk in OS X’s text-massaging tool chest is case swapping—that is, changing text you’ve already typed (or pasted) from ALL CAPS to lowercase or Just First Letters Capitalized.
This one’s simple: Select the text you want to change, and then choose from the Edit→Transformations submenu. Your options are Make Upper Case (all caps), Make Lower Case (no caps), and Capitalize (first letters, like a movie title).
Keep that in mind the next time some raving lunatic SENDS YOU AN EMAIL THAT WAS TYPED ENTIRELY WITH THE CAPS LOCK KEY DOWN.
Tip
Here’s a sneaky one: You can double-tap a word with three fingers on your trackpad to get a pop-up dictionary and thesaurus definition. (That’s a light double-tap, not a full double-click.) This trick doesn’t work in all programs, and it requires you to turn it on in System Preferences→Trackpad→Point & Click. And it’s a tad bit finicky.
But once you have it working, check it out: It also works in text documents you’re examining in Quick Look!