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Mastering API Architecture
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Mastering API Architecture
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Mastering API Architecture
1. API Architecture Primer
A Brief Introduction to APIs and Microservices Based Architecture
Traffic Patterns: API Consumption From All Cardinal Points
North-South Ingress Traffic
East-West Service-to-Service Traffic
Traffic Patterns and Traffic Management
Different Types of API
API Architecture Taxonomy
Core Concepts
The Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) Networking Model
Control Planes and Data Planes
Sidecar Pattern
Evolving Architecture
API Architecture Toolbox
Architecture Decision Records (ADR)
C4 Model
Conference System Example
Structurizr Tool
Summary
2. Defining Rest APIs and Alternative API Approaches
Introduction to REST
The Richardson Maturity Model
REST API Standards and Structure
Collections and Pagination
Filtering Collections
Updating Data
Error Handling
Checklist: Choosing an API Standard
Specifying REST APIs
OpenAPI Specification Structure
Visualizing OpenAPI Specifications
Practical Application of OpenAPI Specifications
Code Generation
OpenAPI Validation
Examples and Mocking
Detecting Changes
API Versioning
Semantic Versioning
API Lifecycle
OpenAPI Specification and Versioning
Alternative API Formats
Remote Procedure Call (RPC)
Implementing RPC with gRPC
GraphQL
Exchanges and Choosing an API Format
High Traffic Services
Large Exchange Payloads
HTTP/2 Performance Benefits
Vintage Formats
Performance Testing Exchanges
Checklist: Modelling Exchanges
Multiple Specifications
The Golden Specification
Challenges of Combined Specifications
Summary
3. Testing APIs
Scenario for this chapter
The Testing Quadrant
The Testing Pyramid
Unit Testing
Test Driven Development
Classicist and Mockist
Service Testing
Component tests
Integration tests
Introduction to Testcontainers
Other dockerized services
Service testing Summary
UI Testing
Subcutaneous Tests
Behavior Driven Development
UI test summary
Testing during the building of your application
Can you test too much?
Summary
4. API Gateways
What Is an API Gateway?
What Functionality Does an API Gateway Provide?
Where Is an API Gateway Deployed?
How Does an API Gateway Integrate with a Typical Edge Stack?
Why Use an API Gateway?
Reduce Coupling: Adapter / Facade Between Front Ends and Back Ends
Simplify Consumption: Aggregating / Translating Back End Services
Protect APIs from Overuse and Abuse: Threat Detection and Mitigation
Understand How APIs Are Being Consumed: Observability
Manage APIs as Products: API Lifecycle Management
Monetize APIs: Account Management, Billing, and Payment
A Modern History of API Gateways
Late 1990s: Hardware Load Balancers
Early 2000s: Software Load Balancers
Mid 2000s: Application Delivery Controllers
Early 2010s: First Generation API Gateways
2015 Onwards: Second Generation API Gateways
Coda (2017 Onwards): Service Mesh and/or API Gateway?
Current API Gateway Taxonomy
Traditional Enterprise Gateways
Micro/Microservices Gateways
Service Mesh Gateways
Comparing API Gateway Types
Deploying API Gateways: Understanding and Managing Failure
API Gateway as a Single Point of Failure
Detecting Problems
Resolving Incidents and Issues
Mitigating Risks
API Gateway Antipatterns: Mixing Traffic Patterns
API Gateway Loopback: “Service Mesh Lite”
API Gateway as an ESB: Egregious Spaghetti Boxes?
Turtles (API Gateways) All the Way Down
Selecting an API Gateway
Identifying Requirements
Exploring Constraints: Team, Technologies, and Roadmap
Build Versus Buy
Radars, Quadrants, and Trend Reports
API Gateway: A Type 1 Decision
Checklist: Selecting an API Gateway
Summary
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