Notes

1. US Works Projects Administration, Slave Narratives: A Folk History of Slavery in the United States, from Interviews with Former Slaves— Tennessee Narratives (Fili-Quarian Classics, 2010).

2. https://www.nytimes.com/2017/11/07/world/americas/mass-shootings-us-international.html

3. https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2018-11/aaop-ham102218.php

4. https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2018/06/19/there-are-more-guns-than-people-in-the-united-states-according-to-a-new-study-of-global-firearm-ownership/?utm_term=.b5931fd07229

Chapter 2

1. Roxanne Dunbar-Ortiz, Loaded: A Disarming History of the Second Amendment (San Francisco: City Lights Books), 65-66.

2. https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-politics/wp/2014/04/24/cliven-bundy-on-blacks-are-they-better-off-as-slaves/?utm_term=.a25b9da81883

3. https://www.latimes.com/politics/washington/la-na-pol-essential-washington-updates-roy-moore-america-was-great-when-1512758057-htmlstory.html

4. https://www.economist.com/node/218080

Chapter 3

1. https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Washington/03-20-02-0661

2. David E. Stannard, American Holocaust: The Conquest of the New World, reprint ed. (New York: Oxford University Press, 1993).

3. https://www.amazon.com/Last-Hours-Andent-Sunlight-Revised/dp/1400051576/ref=thomhartmann

4. https://www.npr.org/2013/04/06/176132730/the-first-gun-in-america

Chapter 4

1. Jack D. Forbes, Columbus and Other Cannibals: The Wetiko Disease of Exploitation, Imperialism, and Terrorism, rev. ed. (New York: Seven Stories Press, 2008).

2. Ibid.

3. Ibid.

Chapter 5

1. Stannard, American Holocaust.

2. Tzvetan Todorov, Memory as a Remedy for Evil (Chicago: Seagull Books, 2010).

3. This story was first published in 1879 in the New York Tribune by “Major Anthony” and is quoted in numerous sources, including its own Wikipedia page on the “Sand Creek Massacre.”

4. Jack D. Forbes, Columbus and Other Cannibals: The Wetiko Disease of Exploitation, Imperialism, and Terrorism (New York: Seven Stories Press, 2008).

5. Howard Zinn, A People’s History of the United States (New York: HarperCollins, 2003), 12.

Chapter 6

1. Zinn, A People’s History of the United States, 12.

2. Ibid.

3. Dunbar-Ortiz, Loaded, 65-66.

Chapter 7

1. https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/volokh-conspiracy/wp/2017/11/21/the-american-indian-foundation-of-american-gun-culture/?utm_term=.d901b901fd40

2. Edmund S. Morgan, American Slavery, American Freedom (London: W. W. Norton & Co., 1975).

3. https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Jefferson/03-10-02-0158-0002

Chapter 8

1. https://lawreview.law.ucdavis.edu/issues/31/2/Articles/DavisVol31No2_Bogus.pdf

2. Sally E. Hadden, Slave Patrols: Law and Violence in Virginia and the Carolinas (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2001).

3. The echoes here of Trayvon Martin’s killing by George Zimmerman, walking “neighborhood patrol,” are eerie.

Chapter 10

1. Federal Writers’ Project: Slave Narrative Project, Vol. 11, North Carolina, Part 2, Jackson-Yellerday, https://www.loc.gov/resource/mesn.112/?sp=120.

Chapter 12

1. Jonathan Elliot, ed., The Debates in the Several State Conventions on the Adoption of the Federal Constitution as Recommended by the General Convention at Philadelphia in 1787, 5 vols., 2nd ed., 1888, reprint ed. (New York: Burt Franklin, n.d.).

Chapter 13

1. https://www.huffingtonpost.com/adam-winkler/did-the-wild-west-have-mo_b_956035.html

2. https://www.theguardian.com/science/2016/aug/10/black-patients-bias-prescriptions-pain-management-medicine-opioids

3. Jefferson to Chastellux, June 7, 1785: “I beleive [sic] the Indian then to be in body and mind equal to the whiteman . . .”

4. Herbert Spencer, The Principles of Biology (London: Williams and Norgate, 1864).

5. http://www.emersonkent.com/speeches/lincoln_dinner_address.htm

6. Hermann Hagedorn, Roosevelt in the Badlands, Vol. 1 (New York: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1930), 355.

7. “Theodore Roosevelt’s 1902 letter on ‘race suicide’ to Marie Van Horst,” https://progressingamerica.blogspot.com/2013/06/theodore-roosevelts-1902-letter-on-race.html.

Chapter 14

1. Quoted in Roy P. Basler, ed., The Collected Works of Abraham Lincoln, Vol. 4 (New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1953), 204.

2. https://www.history.com/topics/american-civil-war/john-wilkes-booth

Chapter 15

1. https://www.nps.gov/anjo/learn/historyculture/slaves.htm

2. Hadden, Slave Patrols, 194.

3. Ibid., 195.

4. https://newrepublic.com/artide/112322/gun-control-racist

5. Hadden, Slave Patrols, 202.

6. https://newrepublic.com/article/112322/gun-control-racist

Chapter 16

1. https://www.cnn.com/2016/11/07/politics/can-you-bring-your-gun-to-vote/index.html

2. https://www.battlefields.org/learn/primary-sources/declaration-causes-seceding-states

3. Ibid.

4. http://www.baltimoresun.com/news/maryland/crime/bs-md-ci-gun-trace-task-force-gttf-testimony-highlights-20180126-story.html

5. http://www.cleveland.com/court-justice/index.ssf/2017/01/tamir_rice_shooting_a_breakdow.html

6. https://www.nytimes.com/2018/03/28/us/sacramento-stephon-clark.html

Chapter 17

1. Bobby Seale, Seize the Time: The Story of the Black Panther Party and Huey P Newton, reprint ed. (Baltimore, MD: Black Classic Press, 1996).

2. This story is also told by Adam Winkler in his book Gunfight: The Battle Over the Right to Bear Arms in America (New York: W. W. Norton & Co., 2013).

3. http://clerk.assembly.ca.gov/sites/clerk.assembly.ca.gov/files/archive/FinalHistory/1967/Volumes/67ahr.PDF

4. Winkler, Gunfight.

5. https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-nation/wp/2018/01/08/judge-dismisses-federal-charges-against-nevada-rancher-cliven-bundy-who-calls-himself-a-political-prisoner/

6. https://www.twincities.com/2016/07/07/questions-raised-previously-about-st-anthony-police-encounters-with-permit-to-carry-holders/

7. https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/nra-criticized-for-response-to-police-shooting-of-man-who-allegedly-said-he-had-carry-permit/2016/07/12/0174b698-4770-11e6-bdb9-701687974517_story.html?utm_term=.5bb44b84f110

Chapter 18

1. https://www.texasmonthly.com/articles/96-minutes/

2. https://www.texasmonthly.com/articles/the-madman-on-the-tower/

3. https://www.amazon.com/Mass-Murderers-Crime-Time-Life-Books/dp/0783500041

4. Ibid.

5. http://www.dailytexanonline.com/2016/07/30/experts-still-disagree-on-role-of-tower-shooters-brain-tumor

Chapter 19