Index
A
activities
characteristics, 67–68
developing, 64–66
zero-duration, 68
Actual Costs for Work Performed (ACWP), 146
Aerospace Industries Association, 209
Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland, 128–129
American National Standards Institute, 207
American Shipbuilding Association, 209
American Society for Testing and
Materials (ASTM), 223
analytical elements, 49–50
ANSI/EIA-748 standard, 142–143, 207, 210
ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials), 223
B
BCWP (Budgeted Costs for Work Performed), 146
BCWS (Budgeted Costs for Work Scheduled), 146
BDC (Business Design Concepts) process model, 93–97
Bills of Material (BOM), 83
BIM (building information modeling), 221
BOM (Bills of Material), 83
bottom-up cost estimation, 138–140
Budgeted Costs for Work Performed (BCWP), 146
Budgeted Costs for Work Scheduled (BCWS), 146
budgeting, cost management and, 146
building information modeling (BIM), 221
Business Design Concepts (BDC) process model, 93–97
Byrom, Richard, 251
C
CA (control account), 4, 58–59
Caltrans (California DOT), 114, 228–233, 351–356
category A enterprises, 193–197
category B enterprises, 197–198
category C enterprises, 198–199
category D enterprises, 199–200
category E enterprises, 200
CCDR (Contractor Cost Data Report), 145
CDRL (contract data requirements list), 145
CER (cost-estimating relationship), 75
Clinger-Cohen Act (1996), 258
collection of historical data, 140–141
collegial development, 36
communications in project management, 146–148
computer software configuration item (CSCI), 162
configuration management, 162–163
construction management classification systems, 217–221, 223–226
CSI MasterFormat, 219, 221–223, 227, 243–244
generic WBS template, 233–235
highway construction, 228–233
OmniClass, 223–228
project life cycle, 173–174
Project WBS, 239–243
WBS and, 219–221
Construction Specification Institute. See CSI (Construction Specification Institute)
consumer product life cycle, 169–171
contract data requirements list (CDRL), 145
Contractor Cost Data Report (CCDR), 145
contractors, WBS requirements and, 201–202
contract performance report (CPR), 145
contract WBS (CWBS), 144–145, 150–151, 195
control account (CA), 4, 58–59
Cost and Software Data Reporting (CSDR), 145
cost estimates
bottom-up cost estimation, 138–140
of project life cycles, 196
software products, 113–114, 138–140
cost-estimating relationship (CER), 75
cost management
applications supporting, 137–138
bottom-up cost estimation, 138–140
budgeting and work authorizations, 146
chart of accounts linkages, 141–142
collection of historical data, 140–141
EVMS implementation, 142–146
Cost/Schedule Status Report, 146
CPR (contract performance report), 145
cross-cutting elements
as Level 2 elements, 39, 46–47
project management elements, 40, 52–54
types of, 47–52
CSCI (computer software configuration item), 162
CSDR (Cost and Software Data Reporting), 145
CSI (Construction Specification Institute)
IPEL support, 114
MasterFormat, 219, 221–223, 227, 243–244
work breakdown system, 218–220, 317–326
CWBS (contract WBS), 144–145, 150–151, 195
D
Data Item Description (DID), 145
decimal numbering system, 75–77
Defense Acquisition Deskbook, 156, 160, 204
Defense Acquisition University, 204
Defense Standard Improvement Council, 22
Defense Systems Management College, 204
deliverables
intermediate outputs versus, 71–73
Department of Defense. See DoD (Department of Defense)
DID (Data Item Description), 145
DI-MGMT-81334B, 145
DoD (Department of Defense) directives, 21, 24–25, 145, 212
early activities, 19–22
historical performance management, 203–209
integrated product teams, 153
life cycle for major product acquisition, 171–173
PPM and, 197
Program WBS and, 172
recent activities, 22–26
DoD Directive 5000.1, 212
DoD Directive 5000.2-R, 24
DoD Directive 5000.4-M-1, 145
DoD Directive 5010.20, 21
Dunn, Heather, 300
E
EAC (Estimate at Completion), 146
Earned Value Management System. See EVMS (Earned Value Management System)
Earned Value Management System (ANSI), 207
Earned Value Management Systems Intent Guide, 143
Earned Value Practice Standard, 211
Electronic Industries Alliance (EIA), 207, 209
Electronic Product Information Cooperation (EPIC), 223
elements. See WBS elements
elephant breakdown structure, 7–9
end items, 4
Enterprise Resource Planning. See ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning)
enterprises
category A, 193–197
category B, 197–198
category C, 198–199
category D, 199–200
category E, 200
outsourcing WBS requirements, 201–202
standard WBS for, 200–201
EPIC (Electronic Product Information Cooperation), 223
ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) results breakdown elements, 46
WBS examples, 250–252, 271–299
Estimate at Completion (EAC), 146
EVMS (Earned Value Management System)
control account and, 58
EIA standard, 142
government involvement, 205–207
implementing, 142–146
numbering considerations, 74
WBS Director support, 103
EVMS Implementation Guide, 143–145, 210
examples. See WBS examples
F
FAA (Federal Aviation Administration), 193–197, 311–316
FAA Acquisition System Tracker (FAST), 193
Fleet Ballistic Missile Maintenance Training Facility, 18
G
General Electric Corporation, 18
General Services Administration (GSA), 190, 235–239
Glasgow, Tonia, 300
government involvement directives, 21, 24–25, 145
early activities, 17–22
integrated product teams, 153
performance management, 203–216
Program WBS, 172
project life cycles, 171–173, 178–179
recent activities, 22–26
WBS and, 28–29
Government Performance and Results Act, 197
GSA (General Services Administration), 190, 235–239
A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK Guide), 26–28, 38, 211
H
Handbook for Preparation of Statement of Work (SOW), 134
highway construction, 228–233
historical data, collecting, 140–141
human resource management integrated project teams, 153–155
team building, 152–153
I
IBRs (integrated baseline reviews), 147
Information Technology Capital Planning and Investment Control Guide, 258
Information Technology Management Reform Act (ITMRA), 258
input elements, 70–71
integrated baseline reviews (IBRs), 147
integrated product and process development (IPPD), 153
integrated project teams (IPTs), 152–155, 212
integrative elements, 47–49
intermediate outputs, 71–73
International Organization for Standardization (ISO), 224
International Project Estimating, Ltd. (IPEL), 114, 235
IPPD (integrated product and process development), 153
IPTs (integrated project teams), 152–155, 212
ISO 12006-2, 224
IT projects
government performance management, 210–211
life cycle planning, 175–178
results breakdown elements, 45–46
WBS example, 263–267
K
Kohlmeier, Dennis, 271
L
Level 2 elements
cross-cutting elements, 39, 46–52
product breakdown elements, 38–41
project management elements, 40, 52–54, 78
results breakdown elements, 39, 44–46
service breakdown elements, 39, 41–43
types of, 38–40
life cycles. See project life cycles
Lockheed Martin, 20
low-rate initial production (LRIP), 172
M
Manual of Practice (MOP), 221
Martin Marietta, 20
MasterFormat (CSI), 219, 221–223, 227, 243–244
MasterSpec software, 223
Microsoft Project
Visio WBS Modeler, 97–100
WBS Chart Pro support, 90–92, 105–106, 109
WBS Code Definition feature, 76, 108
WBS Director, 101–103
WBS example, 251
WBS support, 104–109
milestones, 68
MIL-HDBK-245D, 134
MIL-HDBK-881A
government performance management, 25, 207, 213, 215
MIL-STD-881, 21–22
MIL-STD-881A, 21–22
MIL-STD-881B, 22
Ministry of Transportation of Ontario (MTO), 114
museum projects program life cycle, 174–175, 179–180
WBS example, 256–257
N
NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration)
government performance management, 19, 204, 208
WBS example, 267–268
NASA PERT and Companion Cost System Handbook, 24–26
National Defence Industrial Association (NDIA), 143
National Security Industrial Association, 209
NDIA (National Defence Industrial Association), 143
Nightingale, Daniel, 271
numbering systems, 74–77
O
OBS (organizational breakdown structure), 4, 59, 81
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), 223
OMB (Office of Management and Budget)
government performance management, 208, 210–211
on life cycle planning, 178–179
project integration management and, 160
on WBS, 29
OmniClass
1995/2004 editions, 343–348
Development Committee, 327–330
overview, 223–228
Table 22 sample page, 349–350
Tables (Edition 1.0), 331–342
organizational breakdown structure (OBS), 4, 59, 81
OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration), 223
outlines
defined, 6
output elements, 70–71
outsourcing WBS requirements, 201–202
P
Pando, John, 271
Paus, Denise, 271
PBS (Project Breakdown Structure), 83
performance management
defined, 203
government policies, 207–209
historical government involvement, 204–207
Performance Management Association (PMA), 211
performance measurement baseline (PMB), 147
PERT (Program Evaluation and Review Technique), 17–19, 205
PERT Implementation Manual, 20
PIPTs (program IPTs), 153
PMA (Performance Management Association), 211
PMB (performance measurement baseline), 147
PMBOK Guide (A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge), 26–28, 38, 211
PMI (Project Management Institute), 26–27, 211
PM Network magazine, 26
portfolio management. See PPM (project portfolio management)
portfolios, 4
PPM (project portfolio management) defined, 187–188
enterprise-wide standards, 192–201
outsourcing WBS requirements, 201–202
overview, 188–190
planning, 191–192
WBS roles in, 190–191
Practice Standard for Work Breakdown Structures, 27–28
Primavera Project Planner, 109–113
principles and concepts. See WBS principles process elements, 50–52
procurement management, 148–151
product breakdown elements, 38–41
product projects
Level 2 elements for, 38–39, 46–47, 79–80
100 percent rule and, 37
WBS principles, 118
Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT), 17–19, 205
program IPTs (PIPTs), 153
programs, 4
program WBS
DoD interpretation, 172
life cycles and, 179–186
Project Breakdown Structure (PBS), 83
project charter, 131–133
project elements, 4
project integration management configuration management, 162–163
defined, 160–161
project plan, 161
systems engineering, 163–164
project life cycles
construction projects, 173–174
consumer product projects, 169–171
cost estimates of, 196
DoD major product acquisitions, 171–173
establishing goals over, 212
generic, 167–169
IT projects, 175–178
museum programs, 174–175, 179–180
OMB projects, 178–179
project management
communications, 146–148
cost management, 137–146
FAA WBS and, 196
human resource management, 152–155
Microsoft Project support, 104–109
Primavera Project Planner support, 109–113
procurement management, 148–151
project integration management, 160–164
risk management, 155–160
scope management, 131–134
technical performance management, 151–152
terms and definitions, 3–6
time management, 134–137
The Project Management Body of Knowledge, 26
project management elements, 40, 52–54, 78
Project Management Institute (PMI), 26–27, 211
Project Management Journal, 26
project plan, 161
Project Planning and Scheduling (Haugan), 82
project portfolio management. See PPM (project portfolio management)
project quality, 151–152
Project Resource Manual, 221
projects
phases within, 185–186
types of, 38
project scope. See scope management
project teams
building, 152–153
integrated, 152–155
Project WBS (PWBS), 229–230, 239–243
Q
quality, project, 151–152
QuantumPM, LLC, 101
R
RAM (responsibility assignment matrix), 5
RBS (resource breakdown structure), 81–82
RBS (risk breakdown structure), 5, 157–160
request for proposal (RFP), 148–151
resource allocation
human resource management and, 152–155
PPM and, 189
resource breakdown structure (RBS), 81–82
responsibility assignment matrix (RAM), 5
results breakdown elements, 39, 44–46
results projects
Level 2 elements for, 39, 44–46
100 percent rule and, 37
phases within, 185
WBS principles, 119
RFP (request for proposal), 148–151
risk breakdown structure (RBS), 5, 157–160
risk management, 155–160
Risk Management Guide, 160
S
scope creep, 163
scope management
configuration management and, 162–163
project charter, 131–133
project considerations, 13–14
statement of work, 133–134
SDLC (Software Development Life Cycle), 307
Sea System WBS, 213–215
Sedlacek, Scott, 300
service breakdown elements, 39, 41–43
service projects
Level 2 elements for, 39–43
100 percent rule and, 37
WBS principles, 119
Shipbuilders Council of America, 210
Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC), 307
software products
cost-estimating software, 113–114, 138–140
MasterSpec, 223
Microsoft Project, 104–109
Primavera Project Planner, 109–113
project management, 104–113
Visio WBS Modeler, 97–100
WBS Chart Pro, 88–97, 105–106, 109
WBS Director, 101–103
SOO (statement of objectives), 148–149
SOW (statement of work) procurement management, 148–150
scope management, 133–134
Spallation Neutron Source project, 261–263
standard WBS (SWBS), 230
statement of objectives (SOO), 148–149
statement of work (SOW)
procurement management, 148–150
scope management, 133–134
subprojects, 5
SWBS (standard WBS), 230
Sweets catalog, 222–223
systems engineering, 163–164
T
tasks, 5
teams, project, 152–155
technical performance management, 151–152
time management, 134–137
U
University of Wisconsin, 271, 300
U.S. Department of Agriculture, 258
U.S. Department of Defense. See DoD (Department of Defense)
U.S. Department of Energy, 261–263
V
Vengsarkar, Abhijit, 300
Visio WBS Modeler, 97–100
W
WBS. See work breakdown structure (WBS)
WBS Chart Pro
Business Design Concepts model, 93–97
WBS checklist, 124
WBS dictionary
ERP implementation, 277–299
WBS Director, 101–103
WBS elements. See also Level 2 elements
construction industry, 237–239
defined, 5
descriptions, 54–56
input versus output elements, 70–71
WBS examples
book-writing project, 253–254
dinner party project, 254–255
elephants, 7–9
ERP implementation, 250–252, 271–299
IT program, 263–267
museum project, 256–257
project planning phase, 258–261
Roaming to Win project, 300–307
sewage treatment plant, 268–271
Spallation Neutron Source project, 261–263
WBS level, 5. See also Level 2 elements
WBS principles
common across project types, 119–121
product projects, 118
results projects, 119
service projects, 119
Work Authorization Form, 60
work authorizations, 146
work breakdown structure (WBS). See also Level 2 elements
alternative categorization schemes, 83–85
appropriate level of detail, 61–63
development steps, 8–9, 37, 121–123
early government activities, 17–22
in government sector, 28–29
international standard, 357–366
numbering considerations, 74–77
outlining projects, 6–8, 77–78
in private sector, 28–29
in project management process, 16–17
recent government activities, 22–26
terms and definitions, 3–6
types of, 37
Work Breakdown Structure Handbook, 22–24, 143, 172
Work Breakdown Structures for Defense Materiel Items, 21–22, 140, 207
work elements, 5
work packages
Caltrans on, 229–230