In this chapter, we have taken a look at some of the architecture and workflow of a few of the components of OpenStack. Knowing how the components operate will help you to troubleshoot issues when they arise in your OpenStack cluster. With the number of modules that are present in OpenStack, you have to follow the order of operations that are being run, validate their success, and check for errors as you go along.

Having looked at troubleshooting OpenStack, we have come to the end of this book. The information in this book is core to OpenStack and defines many of the basic concepts and methodologies that are baked into the OpenStack project. The project moves quickly, and new features are added very rapidly, but because the information here is central to a base installation of OpenStack, you should be able to reference the majority of this book for many releases to come from the OpenStack project.