In this chapter, a lot of details about identifying live hosts on the network, viable targets, and the different communication models were covered. To facilitate your understanding of the protocols and how they communicate, we discussed their different forms at the packet and frame levels. This chapter culminated with the automated exploitation of hosts using the Python nmap and Scapy libraries supporting the target identification. In the next chapter, we will build on these concepts to see how to exploit services with dictionary, brute-force, and password spray attacks.