In this chapter, we took a journey into different methodologies and goal-based penetration testing that help organizations to test themselves against real-time attacks. We learned how penetration testers can use Kali Linux in multiple different platforms to assess the security of data systems and networks. We've taken a quick look into installing Kali on different virtualized platforms and how we can run a Linux operating system on a Windows platform using Docker.

We've built our own verification lab, set up Active Directory Domain Services, and set up two different VMs on the same network, one of which is part of the Active Directory. Most importantly, we learned how to customize Kali to increase the security of our tools and the data that they collect. We're working to achieve the goal of making tools support our process, instead of the other way around!

In the next chapter (Chapter 2, Open Source Intelligence and Passive Reconnaissance), we will learn how effectively we can master Open Source Intelligence (OSINT) to identify the vulnerable attack surfaces of our target and create customized username and password lists to facilitate more focused attacks, extract these details from the dark web, and use other exploits.