In this chapter, we will look at the immutable design of Apache Spark. We will delve into the Spark RDD's parent/child chain and use RDD in an immutable way. We will then use DataFrame operations for transformations to discuss immutability in a highly concurrent environment. By the end of this chapter, we will use the Dataset API in an immutable way.

In this chapter, we will cover the following topics:

• Delving into the Spark RDD's parent/child chain
• Using RDD in an immutable way
• Using DataFrame operations to transform 
• Immutability in the highly concurrent environment
• Using the Dataset API in an immutable way