Appendix B. Groovy language info

Table B.1 lists all the Groovy operators in order of their precedence. Most of these operators can be overridden. See the respective method names and usages in section 3.3, table 3.4.

Table B.1. Groovy operators in order of precedence

Level

Operator

Note

1

$x

new ()

() {} []

. ?. *.

~ ! $ (type)

Scope escape

Explicit parentheses

Method call, closure, list/map

Dot, safe dereferencing, spread-dot

Negate, not, typecast

2

**

Power

3

++ -- + -

Pre/post increment/decrement, unary sign

4

* / %

Multiply, div, modulo

5

+ -

Binary

6

<< >> >>> .. ..<

Shift, range

7

< <= > >= instanceof as

 

8

== != <=>

 

9

&

Binary and

10

^

Binary xor

11

|

Binary or

12

&&

Logical and

13

||

Logical or

14

?:

Ternary conditional

15

= **= *= /= %= += -= <<= >>= >>>= &= ^= |=

Assignments

The list of Groovy language keywords follows. Not all of these keywords are actually used. Some of them are only reserved for future use. However, no keyword is allowed to be used as an identifier, such as a class, method, parameter, or variable name, with the exception of in.

Keyword list

abstract, any, as,  assert
boolean, break, byte,
case, catch, char, class, continue,
def, default, do, double,
else, enum, extends,
false, final, finally, float, for,
if, import, in,[1] instanceof, int, interface,
long,
native, new, null,
private, protected, public,
return,
short, static, strictfp, super, switch, synchronized,
this, threadsafe, throw, throws, transient, true, try,
void, volatile,
while

[1] As in for (x in 0..9){}; however, in can still be used as an identifier, as in System.in.

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