Index

A

A Team members, 228229

AC (actual cost), 295298, 638639

accept, risk response, 84

acceptably leveled schedule, 267

acceptance test procedures (ATP), 312314, 375. See also client acceptance

accommodators, 234236, 238, 242, 244, 246247

action to be taken, risk log, 85

active projects. See MANAGE active projects

activities. See also business processes; tasks

bounded, 173

business process, 119

complex, 7

defined, 6, 115

tasks v., 166

unique, 67

WBS completeness test, 172175

activity duration estimates, 158, 163, 593

activity schedules

design-build-test-implement approach, 179

JPPS deliverable, 164

launching, 21

actual cost (AC), 295298, 638639

ACWP (Actual Cost of Work Performed), 296, 639

ad hoc level, 589

Adams, Anthony, 279

adaptability

APF, 435437

APM, 327328, 445

core project team members, 230

Adaptive Cycle Plan phase, 407408

Adaptive PMLC models, 47, 49, 398445. See also Adaptive Project Framework

Agile models, 379

APF, 379, 391, 406

ASD, 379, 391, 406407

graphical depiction, 407

phases, 406408

business value, 404405

cancellation, 399

characteristics, 403

choosing, 408

client involvement, 405, 443445

closing phase, 402403

co-located teams, 383

defined, 398400

DSDM, 57, 379, 391, 399400, 406, 438440

client involvement, 400, 405

graphical depiction, 439440

software development projects, 48, 406

graphical depiction, 49, 399

Iterative models v., 378379, 400

launching phase, 401

non-value-added work, 403404, 409

planning phase, 400401

PMLC models comparison, 5556

process group-level diagram, 399

scope change requests, 404

scoping phase, 400

Scrum, 379, 391, 406, 439443

best-fit choice, 131

client involvement, 439

graphical depiction, 441442

process flow, 440441

Product Owner, 131, 405, 439440, 441443

rugby v., 439

Sprint, 441443

software development projects, 46

solution clarity, 408

strengths, 403405

types, 406

weaknesses, 405406

when to use, 129, 443445

Adaptive Project Framework: Managing Complexity in the Face of Uncertainty (Wysocki), 408

Adaptive Project Framework (APF), 408437. See also swim lanes

adapting, 435437

Adaptive PMLC model, 379, 391, 406

APFists, 425, 427428, 436

APM approach v., 49

budget, 418

change, 411412

Client Checkpoint, 429433

graphical depiction, 429

PDQ case study, 433

updated Scope Bank, 430431

client involvement, 410411

core values, 410412

Cycle Build, 426428

functionality, 427

graphical depiction, 427

monitor/adjust, 428

Cycle Plan, 420426

graphical depiction, 421

micro-level schedule, 423426

micro-level WBS, 421426

work packages, 426

defined, 409410

graphical depiction, 413

implementing, 437

non-value-added work, 412, 423424

observations on, 409410

PDQ case study, 433, 464

phases, 412

PMLC models integration, 436437

Post-Version Review, 433435

graphical depiction, 434

questions, 433435

Version Scope v., 433

software development projects, 379380, 408, 450

TPM v., 410

value, 437

Version Scope, 412420, 433

COS, 413414

cycle timeboxes, 418420

cycles, 419420

deliverables, 413414

graphical depiction, 414

POS, 414, 418419

Post-Version Review v., 433

prioritized scope triangle, 415417

RBS, 414, 419

StageGates, 412413, 419

WBS, 414, 419

Adaptive Software Development. See ASD

Adaptive Software Development: A Collaborative Approach to Managing Complex Systems (Highsmith), 406

adversarial relationship, 88

Agile Manifesto (Fowler & Highsmith), 35n1, 323, 379, 379n1, 380

Agile Project Management: Creating Innovative Products (Highsmith), 324

Agile Project Management (APM), 4449, 377451. See also Adaptive PMLC models; Iterative PMLC models

adaptability, 327328, 445

Agile Manifesto, 35n1, 323, 379, 379n1, 380

APF v., 49

business value, 337

change, 336

client involvement, 331, 392

client ownership, 332333

client's comfort zone, 332

closing next iteration/cycle, 447

closing project, 448

co-located teams, 4648, 59, 329, 382384, 388

core team members, 228

cycle timeboxes, 58

discussion questions, 449451

Extreme PMLC models v., 459460

flexibility, 327

graphical depiction, 55

history, 379380

implementing, 380381

INSPIRE v., 457458

launching next iteration/cycle, 446447

models, 379

non-value-added work, 384

Q3/Q4 projects, 379

monitoring/controlling next iteration/cycle, 447

non-value-added work, 326, 400, 655

planning next iteration/cycle, 446

projects

characteristics, 4548

client involvement, 46

implementation, 380381

major issues, 380

percentage of, 47, 154, 322, 377, 378

risk level, 45

untapped business opportunity, 45

without known solution, 45

risk, 328329

scoping next iteration/cycle, 445446

software development projects, 323, 380

team cohesiveness, 329

teams, 388

tools/templates/processes, 445

TPM with, 47

WBS, 48

xPM v., 5253, 457

agile project portfolios

closing projects, 580581

defined, 572

HRMS, 383

life cycle

ESTABLISH portfolio strategy, 573, 575

EVALUATE project alignment, 573, 575

graphical depiction, 573574

MANAGE active projects, 573, 575, 580581

phases, 573, 575

PRIORITIZE phase, 573, 575

SELECT balanced portfolio, 573, 575, 577580

project types, 581

risk, 576

Agile Project Portfolio Management (APPM), 572581

challenges, 576577

PMLC model integration, 574576

Agile Software Development with Scrum (Schwaber & Beedle), 439

agreement, COS process, 108

aligned projects, 531

American Red Cross, 689

analyze current situation, distressed projects, 640645, 654655

Annotation flowchart symbol, 120121

APF. See Adaptive Project Framework

APFists, 425, 427, 428, 436

APM. See Agile Project Management

appendices, project proposal, 220

APPM. See Agile Project Portfolio Management

approval process, POS, 144147, 221

architectural-design tool, WBS, 167

As Is business process, 119, 604, 610, 623

ASD (Adaptive Software Development)

Adaptive PMLC model, 379, 391, 406

graphical depiction, 407

phases, 406408

ashtrays, 132

Assessment and Analysis phase, CPIM, 600602

assignable, S.M.A.R.T. characteristic, 137

assigning resources. See resource assignments

assignment sheets, work package, 275, 277

assimilators, 234, 242243, 246247

associate manager

multi-team projects, 665

PM/BA, 693, 698699

assumptions, risks, obstacles section, POS, 140141

ATP (acceptance test procedures), 312314, 375. See also client acceptance

attachments, POS, 141143

Aubry, Monique, 485, 485n1

autonomy, job design, 73

available slack, 268, 306

avoid, risk response, 84

avoidant, conflict resolution style, 248

B

B Team members, 228229

BA (business analysis), 707708, 710

background, project proposal, 219

balancing project teams, 233235. See also conflict resolution; learning styles

BA/PM. See PM/BA

Barton, Clara, 689

BCG. See Boston Consulting Group

BCWP (Budgeted Cost of Work Performed), 296, 639

BCWS (Budgeted Cost of Work Scheduled), 296, 639

Beedle, Mike, 439

Bell Telephone Laboratories, 453

best-fit PMLC model

choosing, 5760

complexity, 502

factors, 35

project characteristics, 36

solution clarity, 38

four-quadrant project landscape, 35, 324, 502

meaningful client involvement, 642

RBS, 31, 171

requirements completeness, 30, 130

requirements gathering, 634

best-fit project structure

multiple team projects, 686687

RUP, 131

Scrum, 131

best-practices constraints, 206207

Better Online Solutions, 372

bidder questions, 89

big-picture improvement, 609

Blanchard, Kenneth H., 225, 657

Boeing 777, 208

Bohr, Neils, 103

Boston Consulting Group (BCG) Products/Services Matrix, 533, 535536

bottom-up approach

APF implementation, 437

learning model, 1

PSO implementation, 520

Boundaries flowchart symbol, 120121

bounded activity, 173

BP4SO, 521524. See also PSOs

BPM (business process management), 689, 707708, 710

BPMN (Business Process Management Notation), 125

brainstorming

Assessment and Analysis Phase, CPIM, 601

convention v., 250

divergers, 234

Extreme PMLC model, 456

INitiate, 459460

INSPIRE, 464, 469

launching Process Group, 374

problem-solving process, 243

risk identification list, 79

Root Cause Analysis results, 649

SPeculate, 463

team operating rules, 249250

Breakdown Structure. See RBS; Resource Breakdown Structure; WBS

breakeven analysis, POS, 143

briefing tool, 133

Bruno, Giordano, 149

budget, APF, 418

budget estimate, 197198

Budgeted Cost of Work Performed (BCWP), 296, 639

Budgeted Cost of Work Scheduled (BCWS), 296, 639

buffers, 368372

defined, 368369

management reserve v., 258, 370

managing, 370372

penetration, 370372

types, 369

Building Effective Project Teams (Wysocki), 235, 247

bureaucracy elimination, 607

burn charts, 290

Burns, Robert, 627

business analysis (BA), 707, 710

Business Analysis Body of Knowledge Guide (IIBA), 28

Business Analyst/Project Manager. See PM/BA

business climate, 58, 327, 336, 418, 583, 647

business outcomes, COS, 109

business processes. See also processes

BP4SO, 522

building WBS, 180

characteristics, 605609

CPIM, 119, 604612, 623

To Be, 119, 604, 610, 623

characteristics, 605609

improvement opportunities, 609

improvement project, 611612

indicators of needed improvement, 609

streamlining tools, 607609

defined, 119120

effectiveness, 606

efficiency, 606

graphical depiction, 119

integrated into business processes (level 4), 590

non-value-added work, 609

process level, RBS, 115

streamlining tools, 607609

business process diagramming, 117

context diagrams, 122123

creating, 120121

flowcharts, 120121, 124

formats, 121122

business process improvement project, 611612

business process management (BPM), 689, 707708, 710

Business Process Management Notation (BPMN), 125

business value

Adaptive PMLC models, 404405

APF, 437

complexity/uncertainty domain v., 336337

Extreme PMLC models, 457

incremental, 2627, 29

Incremental PMLC models, 356357, 359360

IRACIS, 26

Linear PMLC models, 351

MPx models, 53

project classification, 19

project management definition, 27

project's purpose, 89

requirements and, 2831

butcher paper, 162, 169

by-business-unit approach, installed deliverables, 315

C

Campbell Soup Co., 279

cancellation

Adaptive PMLC models, 399

projects, Project Portfolio Management life cycle, 532

candidate risk driver template and assessment worksheet, 78, 8081

Capability Maturity Model (CMM), 94, 508, 525, 589

Capability Maturity Model Integrated (CMMI), 508, 589. See also maturity

capacity constrained buffers, 369

capital budget projects, 529

career planning, PM/BA landscape, 706707

CareerAgent model, 694, 706

Carlyle, Thomas, 689

cash cows, 535536

cats, herd of, 215216, 320

cause-and-effect diagrams. See fishbone diagrams

CCPM. See critical chain project management

celebrating success, 319320

central limit theorem, 364

centralized EPSOs, 499500

ceremonial acceptance, 313

certain events, 79. See also risks

CFs (critical factors), 591594, 596597, 599600, 603

CHAOS report, 591, 596

graphical depiction, 593

project failure, 591

chair example, 185186

challenge, 72

change

Adaptive PMLC models, 403

APF, 411412

APM, 336

“Change or die,” 35

changing requirements and specification, 330, 501, 503, 707

complexity/uncertainty domain v., 335336

every change is significant, 254

Extreme PMLC models, 455456

intolerance, 43, 152, 333, 390

Linear PMLC models, 43, 348349

radical, milestone trend chart, 291292

change control process, 256257

CHAOS Report, 591, 596, 707

chart of accounts (CoA), 178

Check Results phase, CPIM, 603

chefs/cooks analogy, 28, 33, 445, 449, 475, 494, 502, 588, 684, 689

choice process, PMLC models, 5660

departments affected, 5859

organizational environment, 59

team skills/competencies, 5960

total cost, 57

Churchill, Winston, 149

clarification, COS process, 108

clarity of purpose, 108109

clients

comfort zone, 332

JPPS attendance, 161

ownership, 332333

POS approval process, 146

project notebook, 443

Scoping Meeting, 111

sign-off, 333

client acceptance, 313314

ATP, 312314, 375

ceremonial, 313

formal, 313

Client Checkpoint, 429433

graphical depiction, 429

PDQ case study, 433

updated Scope Bank, 430431

client expectations

business process effectiveness, 605

managing, 105106

wants v. needs, 37, 86, 106

client involvement

Adaptive PMLC models, 405, 443445

APF, 410411

APM, 46, 392

complexity/uncertainty domain v., 331333

Incremental PMLC models, 358, 360

Iterative PMLC models, 386, 390391, 397

lack of user input, 330, 502, 593, 707

Scrum, 439

client teams, 227

Agile projects, 378

closing projects, 311

development teams v., 46, 50, 52, 237, 449

qualified co-project manager, 444445

selection criteria, 231

xPM projects, 460

client-based escalation strategies, 307

client-facing, 116, 122, 351, 358

closing (Process Group), 311320

APM PMLC models, 447448

approval for, 308

celebrating success, 319320

client acceptance, 313314

defined, 67

deliverables installed, 314315

discussion questions, 320

final project report, 319

phase

Adaptive PMLC models, 402403

Extreme PMLC models, 475

Iterative PMLC models, 388389

post-implementation audit, 317319

processes, 67

project documentation, 315317

steps, 312313

tools/templates/processes, 312

TPM projects, 3, 311320

closing projects, in agile portfolios, 580581

closing vendor contracts, 9899

CMM. See Capability Maturity Model

CMMI. See Capability Maturity Model Integrated

CoA (chart of accounts), 178

Coad, Peter, 352

code reuse, 396

Collaborate phase, ASD, 406407

collaboration

Adaptive PMLC model, 405

Agile manifesto, 379

APF, 410

APM approaches, 49, 331

ASD, 406

BA/PM professional, 709

client and development team, 46

co-located xPM team, 468

conflict resolution style, 248249

DSDM, 438

INSPIRE, 468469

JPPS, 164

multiple team project, 658

project kick-off meeting, 238

prototyping PMLC model, 392

PSO, 492, 495496

requirements management, 97

scoping efforts, 105

SPeculate stage, 467

co-located teams

Adaptive PMLC models, 383

APM, 4648, 59, 329, 382384, 388

different time zones, 278

INSPIRE, 469

Iterative PMLC model, 383, 390391

Linear PMLC model, 347348

MPx, 329

team war room, 253

TPM, 59, 329, 388

xPM, 329, 468

color-coded sticky notes, 155

combative, conflict resolution style, 248

comfort zone, client, 332

common cause variation, 363364

common sense, organized, 27, 65, 327, 436, 689

communications management (Knowledge Area)

complexity/uncertainty domain v., 330331

defined, 7475

listening skills, 107, 189, 236

multiple team projects, 661

project failures, 74, 105, 108, 259, 330

questions, 7475

stakeholders, 7475, 264

team communications, 258264

effective channels, 260262

information content, 259260

information timing, 259

with sponsor, 262263

upward communications filtering, 263264

completion

date, 78

projects, Project Portfolio Management life cycle, 532

WBS, 172176

complex activities, 7

complex projects, 707709. See also professional development program

disciplines needed

BA, 707708, 710

BPM, 689, 707708, 710

IT, 689, 707708, 710

PM, 707710

complexity/uncertainty domain, 323338. See also project management landscape

adaptability, 328

business value v., 336337

change v., 335336

client involvement v., 331333

communications v., 330331

discussion questions, 338

Extreme PMLC models, 456

flexibility, 327328

multiple team projects, 679680, 686

RBS, 326327

risk v., 328329

specification v., 333335

team cohesiveness v., 329

TPM approach, 40

compressing schedules. See schedule compression

concurrent component engineering, 408

concurrent swim lanes, 353, 387, 401, 408, 431, 602

Conditions of Satisfaction. See COS

“Conflict and Conflict Management” (Thomas), 249

conflict resolution, 235236, 241, 374, 675

avoidant, 248

collaborative, 248249

combative, 248

Core Team, 675

resources, 249

team operating rules, 248249

connected activities, 7

Connector flowchart symbol, 120, 121

consensus building, 249

constraints, 205209

best-practices, 206207

date, 209

dependencies v., 205209

design, 128

discretionary, 206

interproject, 208

logical, 207

management, 207208

product, 128

project, 11, 128

technical, 206207

TOC, 362363, 382

unique requirements, 207

construction phase, RUP, 395

consultants, JPPS, 160

consultative decision-making model, 245

Consulting and Mentoring service area, 485, 491492

context diagrams, 122123

contingency, CCPM, 364365

contingency planning, risk response, 84

continuous improvement

defined, 611612

level 5 maturity, 590591

outsourcing v., 119

Continuous Process Improvement Model. See CPIM

contract management, 9296

adversarial relationship, 88

final contract negotiation, 9596

contract team members, 231233, 266

contractors, project kick-off meeting, 238

contracts, 9495

control charts, 615

controlling. See monitoring/controlling

convention, 250

convergers, 234235, 242243, 246247

Cooke, Ernest F., 279

cooks. See chefs/cooks analogy

coordinator, team meetings, 251

co-project managers, 27, 46, 131, 411, 429, 444445, 449

core project teams, 227230

JPPS attendance, 160161

members, 227230

characteristics, 229230

selection criteria, 228230

POS approval process, 145

Project Scoping Meeting, 110

Scoping Meeting, 111

Core Team (CT), 673680. See also multiple team projects

characteristics, 673676

defined, 673

roles/responsibilities, 674676

strengths, 676678

structure, 674

weaknesses, 678679

when to use, 679680

core values, APF, 410412

COS (Conditions of Satisfaction), 107110

business outcomes, 109

clarity of purpose, 108109

defined, 107

graphical depiction, 108

INSPIRE, 464

milestone reviews, 109110

Root Cause Analysis, 336

steps, 108109

Version Scope, 413414

cost. See also earned value analysis; scope triangle

AC, 295298, 638639

Cost Plus contracts, 9495

earned value analysis, 98

estimating, 196199

Linear PMLC models, 349

negative variances, 287288

PMLC model choice process, 57

positive variances, 286287

prioritizing, 15

reduced, success criteria, 139

resource leveling, 271

scope triangle variable, 12

time and cost summary page, 220

variance, 284

cost and benefit analyses, POS, 143

cost budgeting, 198

cost buffers, 369

cost control issues, 198199

cost management (Knowledge Area), 68

cost performance index (CPI), 298299, 557562, 638639

Couger, Daniel, 71, 71n1, 242243, 246

CPI. See cost performance index

CPIM (Continuous Process Improvement Model), 584, 591, 598623

Assessment and Analysis phase, 600602

benefits, 604

business processes, 119, 604612, 623

To Be, 119, 604, 610, 623

characteristics, 605609

improvement opportunities, 609

improvement project, 611612

indicators of needed improvement, 609

streamlining tools, 607609

Check Results phase, 603

discussion questions, 623

flowcharts, 615617

Foundation phase, 599600

graphical depiction, 598

Improvement Initiatives phase, 602603

Iterative PMLC models, 397

overview, 480

PSO roles/responsibilities, 603

tools/templates/processes, 612622

CPS (Creative Problem Solving) model, 242244

crashing the task, 185

crashpoint, 186

Crawford, J. Kent, 519

Crawford-Mason, Clare, 583

Creative Problem Solving and Opportunity Finding (Couger), 242

Creative Problem Solving (CPS) model, 242244

creeps, 1617. See also scope creep

effort, 17

feature, 1718

hope, 17, 653

critical chain, 363

Critical Chain (Goldratt), 372

Critical Chain Project Management, Second Edition (Leach), 362363, 368369, 372, 375, 556, 580

critical chain project management (CCPM), 362373

buffers, 368372

defined, 368369

management reserve v., 258, 370

managing, 370372

types, 369

critical path v., 363367

defined, 363

planning steps, 366368

project network diagram, 366367

resource conflicts, 367368

scarce resources, 556, 580

statistical validation, 364366

TOC, 362363, 372

TPM v., 364, 366

track record, 372373

critical factors. See CFs

critical mission projects, 403, 445

critical path, 212214

APF, 423

calculating, 213

CCPM v., 363368

defined, 210

near-critical path, 214, 277

negative time variances, 287

non–critical path tasks, 229, 271, 287, 306, 307, 308

tasks, 210, 212, 214216, 229, 271, 274, 277

cross-project dependencies, 382

CT. See Core Team

cumulative reports, 282

Curly, 496497

current period reports, 281

cut-over approach, installed deliverables, 314

Cycle Build, 426428

functionality, 427

graphical depiction, 427

monitor/adjust, 428

Cycle Plan, 420426

graphical depiction, 421

micro-level schedule, 423426

micro-level WBS, 421426

work packages, 426

cycle schedule, resource-loaded, 424425

cycle timeboxes

Adaptive Cycle Plan, 407

APM projects, 58, 401

Version Scope, 418, 419420

cycles

Adaptive PMLC models, 55

cycle-time reduction, 607

Version Scope

functions assigned, 420

number of, 419420

objective statements for, 420

D

daily status meeting, 251252, 302, 305, 425

D'Angelo, Anthony J., 583

date constraints, 209

decentralized EPSOs, 499500

decision action plan phase, 246247

decision evaluation phase, 246247

Decision flowchart symbol, 120121

decision making. See also problem solving

go/no-go, 12, 466, 469470

LSI, 233, 245246

model selection, 245

phases, 246247

team operating rules, 244247

defining part, Version Scope, 412

definitive cost estimate, 198

Delay flowchart symbol, 120121

deliverables

completed activity, 173

installed, closing project, 314315

JPPS, 163164

Linear PMLC models, 349

Scoping Meeting, 112

Version Scope, 413415

Delphi technique, 189191

DeLuca, Jeff, 352

departmental approach, 180

departments affected, PMLC model choice process, 5860

dependencies. See also constraints

constraints v., 205209

cross-project, 382

defined, 204

FF, 204206, 268

FS, 204208, 215217, 223, 268, 270, 290, 307

relationships, 204

SF, 204205, 216

SS, 204209, 215217, 223, 268, 307

types, 204205

description reports, work package, 275276

design constraints, 128

design-build-test-implement approach, 177, 179

detailed plans, Linear PMLC models, 349350

detailed statement of work, 11, 9495, 220, 277

development, PSO, 495497

development teams

Adaptive PMLC models, 405

Agile approaches, 378

APF, 383, 410

client teams v., 46, 50, 52, 237, 449

closing projects, 311

distributed across several time zones, 348

Get Client Feedback, 393

Incremental PMLC models, 360

Iterative PMLC model, 49

launching phase, 643

Scrum, 439

well-understood technology infrastructure, 41

xPM projects, 460

deviations, standard, 290293

diagramming conventions, project network, 204

Direction of Flow flowchart symbol, 120121

directive decision-making model, 244

Director, PM/BA, 693, 700401

discretionary constraints, 206

discussion questions. See also PDQ case study

APM, 449451

closing Process Group, 320

complexity/uncertainty domain, 338

CPIM, 623

distressed projects, 656

launching Process Group, 278

monitoring/controlling Process Group, 309

multiple team projects, 658, 663, 687

planning Process Group, 222224

Process Groups, 101

professional development plan, 710

project management, 6061

project portfolio management process, 581582

PSOs, 525

scoping Process Group, 147

TPM, 376

xPM, 475477

distressed projects, 627656

characteristics, 628

defined, 628

discussion questions, 656

dynamic risk management process, 635

EVA, 638639

ignored in literature, 625

intervention management strategies, 639651

analyze current situation, 640645, 654655

evaluate options, 640, 649650, 655

generate revised plan, 640, 650651, 655

revise desired goal, 640, 645648, 655

intervention process template, 651653

managing, 632651

milestone trend charts, 637638

overview, 626

prevention management strategies, 632639

PSO roles/responsibilities, 653655

reasons for failure, 629632

requirements gathering, 633634

scope change management process, 635636

tools/templates/processes for prevention, 633639

WBS construction, 634635

divergers, 234235, 242243, 246247

Dobens, Lloyd, 583

Document flowchart symbol, 120121

documentation

change control process, 256257

Incremental PMLC models, 358359

project, 315317

requirements, 18, 112, 125, 130, 340, 342, 629, 633

documented processes levels (levels 2-3), 589590

Doran, George T., 137, 137n1

downsizing, 228

drum buffers, 369

DSDM: Dynamic Systems Development Method (Stapleton), 438

DSDM (Dynamic Systems Development Method), 438440

Adaptive PMLC model, 57, 379, 391, 399, 400, 406, 440

client involvement, 400, 405

graphical depiction, 439440

software development projects, 48, 406

duplication elimination, 607

DuPont, 149

dynamic planning, 152

dynamic RBS, 113

dynamic risk assessment, 8284

dynamic risk management process, distressed projects, 635

Dynamic Systems Development Method. See DSDM

Dynamics of Conflict Resolution: A Practitioner's Guide (Mayer), 249

E

earliest start–latest finish (ES–LF) window, 266, 268270, 306

early schedule, 210213, 366367

earned value (EV), 295298, 638639

earned value analysis (EVA), 293301

AC, 295298, 638639

ACWP, 296, 639

BCWP, 296, 639

BCWS, 296, 639

cost, 98

defined, 293

distressed projects, 638639

drawback, 293

EV, 295298, 638639

milestone trend charts integration with, 298301, 639

monitoring/controlling (Process Group), 68

PV, 295298, 638639

S curve, 294

schedule, 98

simple metric, 173, 274

sponsors, 263

terminology, 296

variances, 287, 294295

Effective Software Project Management (Wysocki), 118, 298

effectiveness, business process, 606

effort creep, 17

EII. See Enterprise Information Insights, Inc.

eiicorp.com, 513514, 516, 709

elaboration phase, RUP, 395

Emertxe Project Management. See MPx

Englund, Randall L., 383n1. See also Graham-Englund Selection Model

Enterprise Information Insights, Inc. (EII), 23, 63, 279, 323, 339, 377, 514, 583

Enterprise PSOs (EPSOs), 499500, 516

entrepreneurial risk, 76

EPSOs (Enterprise PSOs), 499500, 516

equipment

JPPS, 162

project kick-off meeting, 238

as resource, 193

error proofing, 607608

escalation strategy. See problem escalation strategy

ES-LF (earliest start–latest finish) window, 266, 268270, 306

ESTABLISH portfolio strategy

Agile Project Portfolio life cycle, 573, 575

BCG Products/Services Matrix, 533, 535536

Growth versus Survival Model, 533, 538

Project Distribution Matrix, 533, 536538

Project Investment Categories Model, 533, 538539

Project Portfolio Management life cycle, 531, 532539

Strategic Alignment Model, 533535

estimating, 183199. See also task duration

budget, 197198

cost, 196199

cost budgeting v., 198

order of magnitude, 142, 197, 198, 223

resource requirements, 192195

task duration, 184185, 188191

estimation life-cycles, 191192

EV. See earned value

EVA. See earned value analysis

evaluate options, distressed projects, 640, 649650, 655

EVALUATE project alignment

Agile Project Portfolio life cycle, 573, 575

Project Portfolio Management life cycle, 531, 539540

evaluation of outcome/process, decision-making process, 246247

every change is significant, 254

Evolutionary Development Waterfall, 48, 57, 131

exception reports, 282

executing process group, 6465. See also launching

executive summary, project proposal, 219

Executive's Guide to Project Management: Organizational Process and Practices for Supporting Complex Projects (Wysocki), 521n2, 709

expectations gap, 105. See also client expectations

experience acquisition, 691, 702703, 710. See also professional development program

expert advice, task duration estimation method, 189

external risks, 78

Extreme PMLC models, 38, 454470, 502. See also MPx; xPM

Agile projects v., 459460

brainstorming, 456

business value, 457

change, 455456

characteristics, 455456

closing phase, 475

closing project, 475

defined, 454455

discussion questions, 475477

graphical depiction, 52, 55, 454

INSPIRE, 457470

APM models v., 457458

graphical depiction, 458

Incubate, 467469

INitiate, 459463

REview, 469470

SPeculate, 463467

launching next phase, 474

monitoring/controlling next phase, 474

planning next phase, 473474

PMLC models comparison, 5556

scoping next phase, 472473

strengths, 456

uncertainty, 456

weaknesses, 457

when to use, 129

Extreme Project Management. See xPM

F

facilitated group sessions, 117118

facilitators

JPPS attendance, 160

RBS, 117, 131

Scoping Meeting, 111

facilities

JPPS, 162

project kick-off meeting, 238

as resources, 193

failures. See project failures

FDD (feature-driven development) Linear PMLC models, 351, 352355

feasibility studies, POS, 142143

feature creep, 1718

feature level, RBS, 115

feature-driven development (FDD) Linear PMLC models, 351355

feedback, job design, 74

feedback loop, Linear PMLC model, 342

feeding buffers, 369

Felsing, John M., 352

FF (finish-to-finish) dependencies, 204, 205, 206, 268

FFP (Firm Fixed Price) contracts, 94

fiercely independent team cultures, 660

The Fifty Discipline (Senge), 362

final contract negotiation, 9596

final project report, 319

financial analyses, POS, 142143

finish-to-finish. See FF

finish-to-start. See FS

Firm Fixed Price (FFP) contracts, 94

fishbone diagrams, 612615

5-Phase Project Management: A Practical Planning and Implementation Guide (Weiss & Wysocki), 172

fixed price contracts, 94

fixed resources, 8

flexibility, complexity/uncertainty domain, 327328

flip charts, 155, 162, 169170, 201, 238, 645

float (slack time), 209210, 213214, 287. See also slack

flowcharts

business process diagrams, 120121, 124

CPIM, 615617

symbols, 120121

force field analysis, 620622, 652

Forced Ranking model

PRIORITIZE projects, 541542

Project Distribution Matrix and, 547, 550552

scope triangle prioritization, 416

SELECT balanced portfolio, 550552

SPeculate stage, 465

vendor selection, 9091

formal acceptance, 313

format, project proposals, 221

Foundation phase, CPIM, 599600

four quadrants, 34, 100, 321322. See also Adaptive Project Framework; MPx; project management landscape; TPM; xPM

Fowler, Martin, 35n2, 323, 379, 379n1, 380

framing PSO objectives, 489490

free slack, 150, 213214, 268, 367

FS (finish-to-start) dependencies, 204208, 215217, 223, 268, 270, 290, 307

FTE (full-time equivalent), 579, 681

full-time equivalent (FTE), 579, 681

function level, RBS, 114

functional decomposition, noun-type approach, 178

functional managers

JPPS attendance, 161

POS approval process, 146

functional PSOs, 499

functional requirements, 128

functional specification, 11, 340, 434, 465, 707. See also requirements documentation; scope

future PSOs, 521524

G

Gantt charts, 288289

defined, 178

detailed statement of work, 220

project management, 35, 340

project network diagram v., 200201

gap, maturity, 600

generate revised plan, distressed projects, 640, 650651, 655

geographic approach, 180

global requirements, 128

goals

POS project goal, 136137

project management landscape, 3439

projects, 7

The Goal (Goldratt), 362

Goldratt, Eliyahu M., 362, 372

go/no-go decision, 12, 466, 469470

good news syndrome, 263264

Graham, Robert J., 383n1

Graham-Englund Selection Model

agile version, 578580

available staff capacity based on skills, 538

balanced portfolio selection, 547, 643

defined, 383

functional-level projects, 539

PSO, 505

SELECT balanced portfolio, 552556

graphical reporting tools, 288301. See also Gantt charts

grassroots approach. See bottom-up approach

Green, Estill I., 453, 469

“green field” approach, 610

Greenwalt, Crawford, 149

growth projects, 538

Growth versus Survival Model, 533, 538

Guide to Business Analysis Body of Knowledge (IIBA), 28

Guide to Project Management Body of Knowledge. See PMBOK Guide

H

Hammerskjöld, Dag, 311

happy path, 126

Hardaker, Maurice, 584

Harris Semiconductor, 372

Harvard Business Review, 530, 584

herd of cats, 215216, 320

Hersey, Paul, 225, 657

Herzberg, Frederick, 71, 71n1

high change, xPM, 455456

high speed, xPM, 455

Highsmith, Jim, 35n2, 323324, 379, 379n1, 380, 406

histograms, 189190, 617619

historical data, task duration estimation method, 188189

Hobbs, Brian, 485, 485n1

Honeywell Defense Avionics Systems, 372

hope creep, 17, 653

house, WBS for, 181182

“How to Make a Team Work” (Hardaker & Ward), 584

How well did you do?, 2527, 67, 444, 507, 690, 693

How will you do it?, 2526, 65, 444, 690, 692

How will you know you did it?, 2526, 64, 66, 104105, 444, 690, 692

HRMS (Human Resource Management System)

agile project portfolios, 383

MPx, 54

PSO staffing and development, 495, 497

hub-and-spoke

BP4SO, 522523

PSOs, 499

human resource management (Knowledge Area), 6974

defined, 6971

hygiene factors, 7071

motivators, 7074

Human Resource Management System. See HRMS

hygiene factors. See also motivators

defined, 70

list, 71

I

ID number, risk log, 85

ideal project team, 227

ideas to action, decision-making process, 246247

IIBA (International Institute of Business Analysis). See also PMBOK

Business Analysis Body of Knowledge Guide, 28

PM/BA professional, 590

requirements definition, 2831, 113, 127

imbalanced project teams, 235

implementing

APF, 437

APM, 380381

PSOs, 483484, 519521

improved service, success criteria, 139

Improvement Initiatives phase, CPIM, 602603

improvement programs. See CPIM

in trouble, project status, 556557

inception phase, RUP, 394

incomplete requirements and specification, 330, 501, 503, 707

increased revenue, success criteria, 139

incremental business value, 2627, 29

Incremental PMLC models

business value, 356357, 359360

characteristics, 356

defined, 356

graphical depiction, 44, 355

Iterative approach v., 48

Linear approach v., 4344

non-value-added work, 359, 404

PMLC models comparison, 5556

strengths, 356358

tools/templates/processes, 361362

weaknesses, 358361

when to use, 129, 361

Incubate, 467469

independent team cultures, 660

independent work assignments, 172, 174, 269

informal level, 589

information technology (IT)

BP4SO, 522

CareerAgent model, 694, 706

complex project managers, 689, 707708, 710

investment plan, 527

project failures, 629

scarcity of professionals, 484

inherited projects, 133

inherited team members, 227

INitiate, 459463

initiating, 64, 121, 483. See also scoping

Inspection flowchart symbol, 120121

INSPIRE Extreme PMLC model, 457470

APM models v., 457458

COS, 464

graphical depiction, 458

Incubate, 467469

INitiate, 459463

PDQ case study, 464

POS, 460462

REview, 469470

scope triangle, 463

SPeculate, 463467

integrated into business processes (level 4), 590

integrated project plan/schedule, multi-team projects, 662663

integration management (Knowledge Area)

defined, 67

Zone Map, 594595

Integrative Swim Lanes

defined, 431

Probative Swim Lanes v., 431432

International Benchmark Council, 151

International Institute of Business Analysis. See IIBA

interproject constraints, 208

intervention management strategies, distressed projects, 639651

analyze current situation, 640645, 654655

evaluate options, 640, 649650, 655

generate revised plan, 640, 650651, 655

revise desired goal, 640, 645648, 655

intervention process template, 651653

interviews, RBS method, 117

Inventory Management subsystem, 61, 224, 376, 449, 570, 571

IRACIS, 26

Iron Triangle, 1011, 13. See also scope triangle

Ishikawa diagrams. See fishbone diagrams

Israeli Aircraft Industry, 372

Issues Log, 302

IT. See information technology

iteration timeboxes, 398

iterations, Iterative PMLC models, 55, 384, 385

iterative development, of WBS, 171

Iterative PMLC models, 4649, 384398. See also prototyping PMLC model; RUP

Adaptive PMLC models v., 378379, 400

characteristics, 389

client involvement, 386, 390391, 397

closing phase, 388389

co-located teams, 383, 390391

CPIM, 397

defined, 384389

graphical depiction, 48, 384

Incremental approach v., 48

launching phase, 388

monitoring/controlling phase, 388

non-value-added work, 388

planning phase, 386387

PMLC models comparison, 5556

process group level view, 384

RUP, 379, 391, 396

scope change requests, 385386

scoping phase, 386

software development projects, 48, 391

solution clarity, 389, 391, 397398

strengths, 389390

types, 391397

weaknesses, 390391

when to use, 129, 397398

J

JAD (Joint Applications Design), 158, 707

Java Modeling in Color with UML (Coad, et al), 352

job design, 7374

Joint Applications Design (JAD), 158, 707

Joint Project Planning Sessions. See JPPS

Joint Requirements Planning (JRP), 158

JPPS (Joint Project Planning Sessions)

agenda, 162163

attendees, 159162

conducting, 164

consultants, 160

core team, 228

defined, 157158

deliverables, 163164

facilities, 162

PDS, 240

planning, 158164

POS, 159

purpose, 158

RSVPs, 162

WBS v., 163, 168

JRP (Joint Requirements Planning), 158

just-in-time planning, 2, 51, 56, 338, 400, 403404, 409, 412

K

Kepner, Charles H., 336

kick-off meetings. See project kick-off meetings

Knowledge Areas, 6799. See also communications management; cost management; human resource management; integration management; procurement management; quality management; risk management; scope management; time management

PMBOK, 1

Process Groups-Knowledge Areas mapping, 99101

process/practice maturity level plot, 595596

Zone Map, 594595

known resource, 196

Kolb, David, 233. See also Learning Styles Inventory

L

lack of executive support, 330, 501, 503, 707

lack of resources, 330, 501, 504, 593, 660, 708

lack of user input, 330, 502, 593, 707. See also client involvement

lag variables, 209210

landscape. See PM/BA; project management landscape

Lao-Tzu, 225

large projects, WBS for, 171

Larry/Curly, 496497

late schedules, 210, 212, 214, 367, 368

launching (Process Group), 225278. See also development teams

APM PMLC models, 446447

brainstorming, 374

defined, 6566

development teams, 643

discussion questions, 278

executing, 64, 65

phase

Adaptive PMLC models, 401

Extreme PMLC models, 474

Iterative PMLC models, 388

processes, 66

project team recruitment, 227236

tools/templates/processes, 226

TPM projects, 225278

LCD projector, 162, 169, 238

Leach, Lawrence P., 362363, 368369, 372, 375, 556, 580. See also critical chain project management

Learn phase, ASD, 406407

learning styles, 233235, 242243, 245, 247

accommodators, 234236, 238, 242, 244, 246247

assimilators, 234, 242243, 246247

convergers, 234235, 242243, 246247

divergers, 234235, 242243, 246247

Learning Styles Inventory (LSI), 245247

decision making v., 245246

Kolb, 233

rational decision making model v., 246247

Lefebvre, Eric, 352

left-to-right format, 122

lessons learned

Linear PMLC models, 344

MANAGE active projects, 564

leveling resources. See resource leveling

levels. See maturity

Linear PMLC models. See also planning

business value, 351

change, 43, 348349

characteristics, 342347

co-located teams, 347348

cost, 349

defined, 341342

detailed plans, 349350

feature-driven development, 351, 352355

graphical depiction, 42, 341

Incremental approach v., 4344

non-value-added work, 341, 350, 404

planning, 152

PMLC models comparison, 5556

rapid, 351355

repetitive activities, 343346

risk history, 345346

scope change requests, 4344, 342343

software development projects, 340

strengths, 347351

task duration history, 344345

templates, 343344, 346347

tools/templates/processes, 354355

variations, 351354

weakness, 4243

when to use, 129, 351

listening skills, 107, 189, 236

logic diagram, 200. See also project network diagram

logical constraints, 207

Logistics subsystem, 61, 224, 376

complexity, 464

INSPIRE, 476

management reserve, 636, 656

portfolio approach, 571

Longfellow, Henry Wadsworth, 311

LSI. See Learning Styles Inventory

Lucent Technologies, 372

M

Machiavelli, Niccolò, 481

“man on moon” statement, 34, 53, 459

MANAGE active projects

Agile Project Portfolio life cycle, 573, 580581

business value, 563

CPI, 557562

lessons learned, 564

Project Portfolio Management life cycle, 531, 556564

SPI, 557563

management. See also Adaptive Project Framework; project management

APF v., 409

micro-, 73, 174, 274, 421, 422, 424, 662

management constraints, 207208

management reserve

buffers v., 258, 370

defined, 218, 257

leveled resource schedule, 267

Linear PLMC model, 44

PDQ case study, 636, 656

project network schedule, 217218

Scope Bank v., 258

scope change requests, 343, 357, 632

Managing the Project Team: The Human Aspects of Project Management, Volume 3 (Verma), 241

market stability, 32, 58

marking pens, 155, 162

Markowitz, Henry, 531

masked behavior, 236

Mastering the Requirements Process (Robertson & Robertson), 116

materials

materials and time contracts, 94

as resource, 193

maturity. See also PQM; Zone Map

Capability Maturity Model, 94, 508, 525, 589

Capability Maturity Model Integrated, 508, 589

gap, 600

Knowledge Areas process/practice maturity level plot, 595596

Level 1, 482, 494, 508, 516, 589, 686

Level 2, 482, 508, 511, 519, 589, 686

Level 3, 94, 450, 483, 508509, 511, 517520, 589590, 592, 612, 685686

Level 4, 483, 490, 508509, 511, 517, 519520, 590, 612

Level 5, 508509, 511, 516517, 519, 590591, 603604, 693

PMMA, 516, 592, 595, 597

project management processes/practices

levels, 589591

measuring, 591598

PSO, 508509, 518519

Mayer, Bernard S., 249

measurable

S.M.A.R.T. characteristic, 137

WBS completion, 172173

Methods and Standards service area, 485, 492493

micro-level planning, 272273, 409

micro-level schedule, 423426

micro-level WBS, 272273, 421426

micro-management, 73, 174, 274, 421422, 424, 662

Miglione, R. Henry, 527

milestone trend charts, 290293

CPIM, 619

distressed projects, 637638

EVA integration with, 298301, 639

run charts, 619

milestones

COS milestone reviews, 109110

defined, 290

minutes

status meeting, 304

team meeting, 251

mission statements

CPIM, 599

PSO, 489, 516

mitigate, risk response, 85

Moe, 496497

money, as resource, 193. See also scarce resources

monitoring/controlling (Process Group), 279309

APM PMLC models, 447

defined, 6667

discussion questions, 309

earned value analysis, 68

phase

Adaptive PMLC models, 401402

Extreme PMLC models, 474

Iterative PMLC models, 388

processes, 66

progress reporting system, 281286

frequency for reporting, 286

what to report, 285286

project status reports, 281286

cumulative, 282

current period reports, 281

exception, 282

stoplight, 282283, 290

variance, 283284

WBS as project-status-reporting tool, 168

tools/templates/processes, 280281

TPM projects, 3, 279309

Morris, William C., 246

MoSCoW, 417, 465, 543, 648

most-likely time, three-point technique, 191

motivators, 7074

defined, 70

hygiene factors v., 7071

list, 72

mountain bike example, 178

Movement flowchart symbol, 120121

MPx (Emertxe Project Management). See also xPM

business value, 53

characteristics, 5455

client's comfort zone, 332

co-located teams, 329

defined, 322, 471

graphical depiction, 52, 55, 454

nonsense category, 54, 322

percent of projects, 47, 154

R & D projects, 5051, 5354, 129, 322, 329, 453, 455, 471, 536

RFID technology, 54, 322

risk, 328329

team cohesiveness, 329

when to use, 471472

xPM v., 55

Multiple Awards scenario, 9394

multiple team (multi-team) projects, 657687

associate manager, 665

best-fit project structure, 686687

classifying, 665667

complexity/uncertainty, 679680, 686

criticality, 686

CT approach, 673680

characteristics, 673676

defined, 673

strengths, 676678

structure, 674

weaknesses, 678679

when to use, 679680

defined, 657658

discussion questions, 658, 663, 687

ignored in literature, 625, 686

integrated project plan/schedule, 662663

life cycle, 661662

management challenges, 659665

communication, 661

competing priorities, 661

different team processes, 661

fiercely independent team cultures, 660

teams from different companies, 660

multiple teams situation, 665667

overview, 626

PDQ case study, 687

POs, 667673

characteristics, 668670

defined, 667

PMOs v., 667

PSOs v., 488

strengths, 670671

structure, 668

weaknesses, 671672

when to use, 672673

project management structure, 661

reporting levels, 664

requirements gathering approach, 663

resource sharing, 664

scope change management process, 663

size, 686

ST approach, 680686

characteristics, 681683

defined, 680

strengths, 684

structure, 681

weaknesses, 685

when to use, 685686

staffing, 665

team meeting structure, 663

team operating rules, 241

two-team situation, 665666

types, 665

Must-do, Should-do, Postpone, 541, 543

N

naming PSOs, 484485, 487488

near-critical path, 214, 277

needs, wants v., 37, 86, 106

negative variances, 287288

network diagrams. See project network diagram

network schedule. See project network schedule

new project proposal submission, project portfolio management process, 570571

new technology, 330, 501, 504505, 593, 644, 708

The New Rational Manager (Kepner & Tregoe), 336

nine Knowledge Areas. See Knowledge Areas

No Award scenario, 93

no earlier than, 209

no later than, 209

non–critical path tasks, 229, 271, 287, 306308

non-functional requirements, 128

nonsense category, 54, 322. See also MPx

non-value-added work

Adaptive PMLC model, 403404, 409

Agile projects, 384

APF, 412, 423424

APM models, 326, 400, 655

business processes, 609

defined, 325

Incremental PMLC model, 359, 404

Iterative PMLC model, 388

Linear PMLC model, 341, 350, 404

organized common sense, 27

PSO project support services, 491

specification certainty, 334

written communications, 331

xPM, 655

norming, 277278

notebook. See project notebook

noun-type approaches, to building WBS, 176178

O

objectives

approach, 179

project proposal, 220

unclear, 330, 501, 504, 593, 708

observation, RBS method, 117

obstacles section, POS, 140141

off plan, project status, 556, 557

off-the-job training, 691, 702, 704, 710. See also professional development program

on plan, project status, 556557

on this date, 209

“one size does not fit all,” 33, 36

“one size fits all” approach, 1819, 27, 33, 36, 327, 409

one-page POS, 141

on-the-job training, 691, 702, 704, 710. See also professional development program

Operation flowchart symbol, 120121

opportunity/problem part, POS, 134135

optimistic time, three-point technique, 190

Oral Roberts University, 527

Order Entry subsystem, 126127

business process, 120

commercial off the shelf product, 570

early-warning SPI tracking metric, 656

As Is/To Be business processes, 623

PDQ, 61, 126127

PMLC model, 61, 376

portfolio approach, 571

Prototyping PMLC model, 394

requirements, 636

WBS, 224

order of magnitude estimate, 142, 197, 198, 223

Order Submit, 61, 224, 376, 571

organizational approaches, to building WBS, 177, 179180

Organizational Behavior in Action: Skill Building Experiences (Morris & Sashkin), 246

organizational environment, PMLC model choice process, 59

organizational placements, PSOs, 499501

organizational risks, 78

organizational structures, PSOs, 497499

organizational velocity, 356, 380

organized common sense, 27, 65, 327, 436, 689

outcome, risk log, 85

outside consultants, 160, 433, 636, 644

outside contractors, 231, 233, 264, 644

outside the box, 242243, 250, 451

outsourcing, 119, 227, 231, 348, 373, 605

over budget/ behind schedule project, 300

overview of approach, project proposal, 220

ownership, by client, 332333

P

pain curves, 151152, 159, 634

Paired Comparisons model, 91, 465

APF, 416417

PRIORITIZE projects, 541, 544545

Palmer, Stephen R., 352

parallel approach, installed deliverables, 314

Pareto analysis, 617619

Parkinson's Law, 218, 258

participative decision-making model, 244245

partitionable tasks, 187, 216

Paterno, Joe, 225

PDM (precedence diagramming method), 202204

PDP. See professional development program

PDQ (Pizza Delivered Quickly) case study

APF project, 433, 464

To Be business process, 623

Client Checkpoint problems, 433

contract team members, 233

daily status meetings, 264

INSPIRE, 464

Inventory Management, 61, 224, 376, 449, 570, 571

As Is business process, 623

Logistics, 61, 224, 376

complexity, 464

INSPIRE, 476

management reserve, 636, 656

portfolio approach, 571

management reserve, 636, 656

multiple team projects, 687

Order Entry, 126127

commercial off the shelf product, 570

early-warning SPI tracking metric, 656

As Is/To Be business processes, 623

PMLC model, 61, 376

portfolio approach, 571

Prototyping PMLC model, 394

requirements, 636

WBS, 224

order entry, 61, 126127

Order Submit, 61, 224, 376, 571

Pizza Factory Locator, 61, 224, 376, 571

PMLC model choices, 61

POS, 476

project portfolio management process, 570571

prototyping, 394

RBS, 449, 451

reporting requirements, 309

Routing, 61, 224, 376, 570571

SPI tracking metric, 656

subsystems

Agile model, 449

PMLC models, 61, 376

WBS build, 224

use case, 126127

PDS (Project Definition Statement)

JPPS, 240

POS v., 140, 159, 239240

project kick-off meeting working session agenda, 239240

penetration, buffer, 370372

people, as resources, 193194. See also scarce resources

permanent program offices, 9, 484485. See also PSOs

PERT (Project Evaluation and Review Technique), 154, 422

pessimistic time, three-point technique, 190

Phaedrus, 5

phased approach, installed deliverables, 314

phases

Agile Project Portfolio life cycle, 573, 575

APF, 412

ASD, 406408

CPIM, 598

decision-making process, 246247

Extreme models, 55

5-Phase Project Management: A Practical Planning and Implementation Guide (Weiss & Wysocki), 172

Project Portfolio Management life cycle, 530531

RUP, 394395

physical decomposition, noun-type approach, 178

Pizza Delivered Quickly. See PDQ case study

Pizza Factory Locator subsystem, 61, 224, 376, 571

plan-driven TPM projects, 42, 325, 327, 330331, 335

planned value (PV), 295298, 638639

planning (Process Group), 149224. See also JPPS; WBS

APM PMLC models, 446

approaches, 2

benefits, 153

defined, 65

discussion questions, 222224

dynamic, 152

importance, 152153

just-in-time, 2, 51, 56, 338, 400, 403, 404, 409, 412

phase

Adaptive PMLC models, 400401

Extreme PMLC models, 473474

Iterative PMLC models, 386387

processes, 65

PSOs, 509519

software packages, 153154

time, 156157

tools/templates/processes, 151152, 154156

TPM projects, 149224

Version Scope, 412

Planning Meeting

Project, 112, 113

Sprint, 441

planning tool, WBS, 167168

PM. See project management

PM/BA (Project Manager/Business Analyst). See also professional development program

landscape, 694, 701702

career planning, 706707

graphical depiction, 694

higher level position, 705706

for professional development, 701702

short-term professional goal, 703

short-term professional goal, higher level, 705

position family, 693701

Associate Manager, 693, 698699

Director, 693, 700401

graphical depiction, 695

IIBA, 590

Program Manager, 693, 700

Senior Manager, 693, 699

Task Manager, 693, 697698

Team Member, 693, 696697

work in progress, 709

PMBOK (Project Management Book of Knowledge) Guide, 24n1. See also Knowledge Areas; Process Groups

Knowledge Areas, 1

Process Groups, 2, 6364

team operating rules, 241

PMCA (Project Management Competency Assessment), 514516

PMI (Project Management Institute), 2

joining, 692

project management definition, 2425

PMLC (project management life cycle) models, 3360. See also Adaptive PMLC models; Adaptive Project Framework; best-fit PMLC model; Extreme PMLC models; Incremental PMLC models; Iterative PMLC models; Linear PMLC models; prototyping PMLC model

APF integration, 436437

APPM integration, 574576

choice process, 5660

WBS, 171

comparison, 5556

defined, 33, 38

differences, 56

Knowledge Areas, 67

PDQ case study, 61

Process Groups v., 2, 63, 321, 373375

RBS, 129132

recap, 5556

similarities, 56

specification certainty, 333335

types, 38, 502

PMMA (Project Management Maturity Assessment), 516, 592, 595, 597

PMOs (Project Management Offices). See also project offices; PSOs

POs v., 667

PSOs v., 479, 483484, 488

point estimate, 365

Polaris Missile Program, 202

portfolios. See agile project portfolios; project portfolios; project portfolio management process

portfolio managers, 533, 564566

portfolio of services

Consulting and Mentoring service area, 485, 491492

Methods and Standards service area, 485, 492493

Project Managers service area, 486, 487, 495496

Project Support service area, 485, 490491

Software Tools service area, 486, 493494

Training service area, 486, 494495

POs. See project offices

POS (Project Overview Statement), 132147

approval process, 144147, 221

assumptions, risks, obstacles section, 140141

attachments, 141143

briefing tool, 133

component parts, 133134

defined, 107108

financial analyses, 142143

graphical depiction, 134

inherited projects, 133

INSPIRE, 460462

JPPS, 159

one-page, 141

PDQ case study, 476

PDS v., 140, 159, 239240

problem/opportunity part, 134135

project goal, 136137

project objectives, 137138

project portfolio management process, 566569

PSO, 510512

purpose, 132133

revised, 566569

risk analysis, 142

Scoping Meeting, 110, 112

S.M.A.R.T. characteristics, 137

submitting, 144147

success criteria, 138140

Version Scope, 414, 418419

positive variances, 286287

post-implementation audit, 317319

agile portfolio, 580

closing Process Group, 21, 27, 67

improvement, 584, 591

Post-Version Review v., 435

Post-It Note product, 51, 54, 123. See also sticky notes

postponed projects, 532

Post-Version Review, 433435

graphical depiction, 434

questions, 433435

Version Scope v., 433

PQM (Process Quality Matrix), 591593, 599600

completed, 593

finalize, 597

graphical depiction, 592593

initial, 596597

validate, 597

Zone Map and, 592

A Practical Guide to Feature-Driven Development (Palmer & Felsing), 352

precedence diagramming method (PDM), 202204

predecessor tasks, 203204, 210212, 215

prevention management strategies, distressed projects, 632639

primary actor, 126

prioritization approaches, scope triangle, 1415, 415417

MoSCoW, 417, 465, 543, 648

PRIORITIZE projects

Agile Project Portfolio life cycle, 573, 575

Forced Ranking, 541542

Must-do, Should-do, Postpone, 541, 543

Paired Comparisons Model, 541, 544545

Project Portfolio Management life cycle, 531, 540546

Q-Sort model, 541, 542543

Risk/Benefit Matrix, 545546

weighted criteria, 541, 543544

prioritized projects, 532

proactive PSOs, 498

Probative Swim Lanes

defined, 48, 431

Integrative Swim Lanes v., 431432

problem escalation strategy, 306308

hierarchy, 307308

monitoring/controlling Process Group, 375

scope triangle, 1516

problem management meetings, 305

problem resolution

CT member, 674675

meetings, 252

scope triangle, 1516

problem solving. See also decision making

LSI, 233, 245246

team operating rules, 242244

problem/opportunity part, POS, 134135

Process Control System, 340

processes. See also business processes; tools/templates/processes

closing Process Group, 67

launching Process Group, 66

maturity

levels, 589591

measuring, 591598

monitoring/controlling Process Group, 66

planning Process Group, 65

practice, 586588

process, 584586

scoping Process Group, 64

six questions, 25, 27, 60, 64, 444, 690

Process Groups, 63101. See also closing; launching; monitoring/controlling; planning; scoping

discussion questions, 101

Knowledge Areas-Process Groups mapping, 99101

misconceptions, 2, 63

PMBOK Guide, 2, 6364

PMLC models v., 2, 63, 321, 373375

project management methodologies v., 2, 63, 100

process managers, POS approval process, 146

process owners, 161162

process quality, 12

Process Quality Matrix. See PQM

process steps. See activities

procurement, 86

procurement management (Knowledge Area), 8599

defined, 8586

phases, 86

vendor contracting, 9296

vendor evaluation, 8992

vendor management, 9699

vendor selection, 92

vendor solicitation, 8689

Product Backlog, 440441

product constraints, 128

Product Owner, 131, 405, 439443

product quality, 11

production prototyping, 4748, 384385, 391, 397, 409, 435, 634

professional activities, 692, 702, 704, 710

professional development program (PDP), 689710. See also PM/BA

complex projects, 707709

disciplines needed, 707708

project failure, 707708

components

experience acquisition, 691, 702703, 710

off-the-job training, 691, 702, 704, 710

on-the-job training, 691, 702, 704, 710

professional activities, 692, 702, 704, 710

discussion questions, 710

overview, 625626

six questions, 690

writing, 692693, 710

Program Manager, PM/BA, 693, 700

program offices. See also project offices; PSOs

permanent, 9, 484485

PSOs v., 488

temporary, 9, 46, 171, 484, 498

programs

defined, 9, 498

projects v., 9, 498

progress reporting system

frequency for reporting, 286

project status reports, 281286

cumulative, 282

current period reports, 281

exception, 282

stoplight, 282283, 290

variance, 283284

WBS as project-status-reporting tool, 168

what to report, 285286

projects, 522. See also multiple team projects; project portfolios; software development projects; TPM; specific projects

aligned, 531

business-focused definition, 89

classification, 1822

by project application, 2122

by project characteristics, 1921

rule, 19

complex, 707709

definitions, 12, 69, 200, 528

goals, 7

prioritized, 532

programs v., 9, 498

proposed, 531

purpose, 8

R & D, 5051, 5354, 129, 322, 329, 453, 455, 471, 536

stages, Project Portfolio Management life cycle, 531532

subproject managers, 699

subprojects, 7, 111, 171, 487, 500, 680, 684

sub-subprojects, 684

type A, 1921

type B, 2021

type C, 2021

type D, 2021

project buffers, 369

project champion

JPPS attendance, 159, 161

status review meetings, 304

project change request, 254255

project constraints, 11, 128

Project Definition Statement. See PDS

Project Distribution Matrix

ESTABLISH portfolio strategy, 533, 536538

Forced Ranking model and, 547, 550552

Project Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT), 154, 422

project failures. See also distressed projects

CFs, 591

changing requirements and specification, 330, 501, 503, 707

executive level support, 59

FDD Linear PMLC model, 354

incomplete requirements and specification, 330, 501, 503, 707

lack of executive support, 330, 501, 503, 707

lack of resources, 330, 501, 504, 593, 660, 708

lack of user input, 330, 502, 593, 707

mid-1950s, 3637

new technology, 330, 501, 504505, 593, 644, 708

poor communications, 74, 105, 108, 259, 330

poorly defined requirements, 130

Rapid Linear PMLC model, 354

risk assessment, 8485, 221, 328

Scoping Process Group, 104

shared responsibility, 229

Standish Group research, 59, 330, 479, 501505, 520, 591, 596, 642, 707708

unclear objectives, 330, 501, 504, 593, 708

unrealistic expectations, 80, 330, 501, 504, 593, 708

unrealistic time frames, 330, 501, 504, 593, 708

xPM, 5051, 53, 329, 454

project finish date, shifting, 268269

project goals, POS, 136137

Project Impact Statement, 1516, 40, 43, 255, 348, 663

project initiation, 11, 406407, 486, 572

Project Initiation phase, ASD, 407

Project Investment Categories Model, 533, 538539

project kick-off meetings, 407, 412, 630631, 662. See also Version Scope

attendees, 237238

defined, 236

project manager-led part, 237

purpose, 237

sponsor-led part, 236

working session agenda, 238240

project management (PM), 2361. See also critical chain project management; questions

business value, 27

complex projects, 707710

definitions

PMI, 2425

working, 2728

discussion questions, 6061

fundamentals, 2428

Gantt charts, 35, 340

infrastructure, 479480

old ways, 3637

“one size does not fit all,” 33, 36

“one size fits all” approach, 1819, 27, 33, 36, 327, 409

organized common sense, 27, 65, 327, 436, 689

processes/practices

levels, 589591

measuring, 591598

risks, 7778

significant changes, 2

steady state, 24, 36

Project Management Book of Knowledge. See PMBOK

Project Management Competency Assessment (PMCA), 514516

Project Management Institute. See PMI

project management landscape. See also Adaptive Project Framework; MPx; TPM; xPM

complexity/uncertainty domain, 323338

definition uniqueness, 60, 321, 337338

four quadrants, 34, 100, 321322

goals, 3439, 321

solution clarity, 3439, 131, 156, 324, 389, 502

project management life cycle. See PMLC models

Project Management Maturity Assessment (PMMA), 516, 592, 595, 597

project management methodologies, 2, 63, 100

Project Management Offices (PMOs), 479, 483485, 488. See also PSOs

project manager-based escalation strategies, 306

Project Manager/Business Analyst. See PM/BA

project manager-led part, 237

project managers

co-project managers, 27, 46, 131, 411, 429, 444445, 449

cost control issues, 198199

JPPS attendance, 160

POS approval process, 145

Scoping Meeting, 111

subteams, 9

WBS architecture, 168

Project Managers service area, 486, 487, 495496

The Project Management Office (PMO): A Quest for Understanding (Hobbs & Aubry), 485n1

project network diagram, 199218

CCPM, 366367

constraints, 205209

defined, 200

dependency relationships, 204205

diagramming conventions, 204

envisioning, 200

Gantt chart v., 200201

JPPS agenda, 163

lag variables, 209210

PDM format, 202204

planning session, 157

project network schedule, 210217

early schedule, 210213, 366367

finalizing, 271273

initial

analyzing, 214215

creating, 210214

JPPS deliverable, 163164

late schedules, 210, 212, 214, 367, 368

management reserve, 217218

project notebook

client experiences, 443

closing (Process Group), 21

electronic, 304, 317

JPPS deliverable, 164

outlines, as template, 343

PSO and, 486, 490

status review meetings, 304

study historical data, 188

project objectives, POS, 137138

project offices (POs), 667673. See also multiple team projects; program offices

characteristics, 668670

defined, 667

PMOs v., 667

PSOs v., 488

roles/responsibilities, PO manager, 668670

strengths, 670671

structure, 668

weaknesses, 671672

when to use, 672673

Project Overview Statement. See POS

project portfolios. See also agile project portfolios

defined, 10, 529530

specific, 487

Project Portfolio Management life cycle, 530564

Agile Project Portfolio life cycle v., 573

ESTABLISH portfolio strategy, 531539

Agile Project Portfolio life cycle, 573, 575

BCG Products/Services Matrix, 533, 535536

Growth versus Survival Model, 533, 538

Project Distribution Matrix, 533, 536538

Project Investment Categories Model, 533, 538539

Project Portfolio Management life cycle, 531, 532539

Strategic Alignment Model, 533535

EVALUATE project alignment, 531, 539540

graphical depiction, 531

MANAGE active projects, 531, 556564

business value, 563

CPI, 557562

lessons learned, 564

Project Portfolio Management life cycle, 531, 556564

SPI, 557563

phases, 530531

PRIORITIZE projects, 531, 540546

Forced Ranking, 541542

Must-do, Should-do, Postpone, 541, 543

Paired Comparisons Model, 541, 544545

Project Portfolio Management life cycle, 531, 540546

Q-Sort model, 541543

Risk/Benefit Matrix, 545546

weighted criteria, 541, 543544

project stages, 531532

SELECT balanced portfolio, 531, 546556

Graham-Englund Selection Model, 552556

Project Distribution Matrix/Forced Ranking Model, 550552

Project Portfolio Management life cycle, 531, 546556

Risk/Benefit Matrix, 552556

Strategic Alignment Model, 548550

weighted criteria, 548550

stages, 531532

project portfolio management process, 527582

defined, 530

discussion questions, 581582

introduction, 528530

overview, 480

PDQ case study, 570571

project proposal submission, 566571

new submission process, 570571

revised POS, 566569

two-step submission process, 569570

PSO roles/responsibilities, 564566

project proposals, 218221

approval, 221

contents, 219220

cost, 12

format, 221

JPPS deliverable, 218

writing, 218221

project report. See reporting system

project review meetings, 252

project scope. See scope

project stakeholders

communications management, 7475, 264

defined, 74, 264

project status meetings, 302305

daily status meeting, 251252, 302, 305, 425

format, 304

purpose, 303

when held, 303

who should attend, 302303

project status reports, 281286

cumulative, 282

current period reports, 281

exception, 282

stoplight, 282283, 290

variance, 283284

WBS as project-status-reporting tool, 168

project statuses

off plan, 556557

on plan, 556557

in trouble, 556557

Project Support Offices. See PSOs

Project Support service area, 485, 490491

project support services, PSO, 490491

project teams. See teams

proposals. See project proposals; RFPs

proposed projects, 531

prototyping PMLC model, 391394

graphical depiction, 392393

Iterative PMLC model v., 393

production, 4748, 384385, 391, 397, 409, 435, 634

RBS method, 118, 124

PSOs (Project Support Offices), 481525. See also project offices

background, 482484

BP4SO, 521524

CPIM, 603

defined, 484487

development, 495497

discussion questions, 525

distressed projects, 653655

enterprise, 499

EPSOs, 499500, 516

establishing, 507519

framing objectives, 489490

functional, 499

future, 521524

hub-and-spoke, 499

implementing, 483484, 519521

long-term goal, 517

maturity growth stages, 508509, 518519

mission statements, 489, 516

naming, 484485, 487488

need

determining when needed, 501505

spotting symptoms, 505507

new technology, 504505

non-value-added work, 491

organizational placements, 499501

organizational structures, 497499

overview, 479480

permanent program offices, 9, 484485

planning, 509519

PMOs v., 479, 483, 484485, 488

portfolio of services, 485487

Consulting and Mentoring service area, 485, 491492

Methods and Standards service area, 485, 492493

Project Managers service area, 486487, 495496

Project Support service area, 485, 490491

Software Tools service area, 486, 493494

Training service area, 486, 494495

POS, 510512

POs v., 488

proactive, 498

project portfolio management, 564566

project portfolio management process, 564566

project support services, 490491

purposes, 486487

questions, 507

reactive, 498

readiness assessment, 506507

real, 497498

reasons for implementing, 483484

specific portfolio of projects, 487

staffing, 495497

The Strategic Project Office: A Guide to Improving Organizational Performance (Crawford), 519

task force, 512513

temporary program offices, 9, 46, 171, 484, 498

virtual, 497498

PV (planned value), 295298, 638639

Q

Q3 projects, 379

Q4 projects, 379

Q-Sort model, 541543

quality. See also process quality; product quality

prioritizing, 15

scope triangle variable, 1112

quality assurance process, 69

quality control process, 69

quality management (Knowledge Area)

defined, 6869

good investment, 12

quality planning process, 69

quality review, ASD, 408

questions. See also discussion questions

communications management, 7475

distressed projects, intervention strategies, 639651

How well did you do?, 2527, 67, 444, 507, 690, 693

How will you do it?, 2526, 65, 444, 690, 692

How will you know you did it?, 2526, 64, 66, 104105, 444, 690, 692

Post-Version Review, 433435

project management practice, 586588

project management process, 584586

PSOs, 507

risk management, 76

six action areas, team operating rules, 241242

What business situation is being addressed?, 25, 64, 444, 690

What do you need to do?, 2526, 64, 104105, 444, 690692

What will you do?, 2526, 65, 444, 690, 692

R

R & D (research and development) projects, 5051, 5354, 129, 322, 329, 453, 455, 471, 536. See also MPx; xPM

race example, 363364

RAD (Rapid Applications Development), 707

radical change, milestone trend chart, 291292

Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology, 54, 322

range estimate, 365

ranking matrix, scope triangle, 417418

Rapid Applications Development (RAD), 707

Rapid Development Waterfall, 57, 502

rapid Linear PMLC models, 351355

RASCI Matrix, 708

rational decision making model, 246247

Rational Unified Process. See RUP

RBS (Requirements Breakdown Structure), 112129

art, 115

assessing completeness, 129

best-fit PMLC model, 31

business process diagramming, 117

context diagrams, 122123

creating, 120121

flowcharts, 120121, 124

formats, 121122

completion, 33

complexity issues, 326327

creating, 112116

defined, 3031

dynamic nature, 113

facilitated group sessions, 117, 118

feature level, 115

function level, 114

graphical depiction, 113114, 165, 334

interviews method, 117

levels, 30, 113

methods, 116118

observation method, 117

PDQ case study, 449, 451

Planning Meeting, 112

PMLC models, 129132

process level, 115

prototyping, 118, 124

reasons for using, 116

requirements gathering approach, 131

science, 115

Scoping Meeting, 110, 112

software development projects, 326

sub-function level, 115

use cases, 118, 125127

Version Scope, 414, 419

WBS v., 31, 116, 165167, 169171, 177

when to use, 112

reactive PSOs, 498

readiness assessment, PSO, 506507

real PSOs, 497498

realistic, S.M.A.R.T. characteristic, 137

recognition, 7273

reduced costs, success criteria, 139

repetitive activities, Linear PMLC model, 343346

reporting system. See also progress reporting system

final project report, 319

graphical reporting tools, 288301

multiple team projects, 664

PDQ, 309

Request for Information (RFI), 8687, 343, 570

requests, COS process, 108

Requests for Proposals. See RFPs

requirements

business value and, 2831

categories, 127128

changing requirements and specification, 330, 501, 503, 707

definitions

author's, 2931, 113, 127

IIBA, 2831, 113, 127

incomplete requirements and specification, 330, 501, 503, 707

product constraints, 128

project constraints, 128

project failures, 130

reuse, 117

unique, 207

Requirements Breakdown Structure. See RBS

requirements change request, 95, 97, 708

requirements decomposition. See RBS

requirements documentation, 18, 112, 125, 130, 340, 342, 629, 633

requirements gathering approach, 131. See also RBS

distressed projects, 633634

multi-team projects, 663

requirements management, 97

research and development projects. See R & D projects

resources. See also HRMS; scarce resources

known, 196

lack, 330, 501, 504, 593, 660, 708

multiple team projects, 664

people, 193194

prioritizing, 15

scheduling problem, 265267

scope triangle variable, 13

types of, 192193

resource assignments, 264267

JPPS deliverable, 164

launching (Process Group), 21, 226

organizational risks, 78

substitute, 150, 271

Resource Breakdown Structure, 194195

resource buffers, 369

resource conflicts, CCPM, 367368

resource leveling, 265271

acceptably leveled schedule, 267

cost impact, 271

resource-scheduling problem, 265267

strategies, 268271

resource limits, 8

resource loading

graphs, smoothing, 269

resource-loaded cycle schedule, 424

task duration v., 185187

resource manager-based escalation strategies, 306307

resource managers

JPPS attendance, 161

POS approval process, 145146

problem escalation strategy, 15

resource planning, 195196

resource requirements

determining, 195

estimating, 192195

JPPS deliverable, 163

Linear PMLC models, 347

resource-loaded cycle schedule, 424425

response, COS process, 108

retainer contracts, 94

return on investment. See ROI

reuse

code, 396

requirements, 117

REview, 469470

revise desired goal, distressed projects, 640, 645648, 655

RFI (Request for Information), 8687, 343, 570

RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) technology, 54, 322

RFPs (Requests for Proposals)

bidder questions, 89

BP4SO, 524

contract team member, 233

defined, 86

final contract negotiation, 9596

managing questions/responses, 88

participation in, 88

PDQ case study, 570

preparing/distributing, 8788

recommended components, 88

templates library, 343

vender evaluation, 8992

vendor contracting, 9296

vendor evaluation, 8992

vendor management, 9699

vendor selection, 92

vendor solicitation, 8689

risks

analysis, POS, 142

assessment, 7984

dynamic, 8284

static, 82

worksheets, 78, 8081, 83

assumptions, risks, obstacles section (POS), 140141

certain events v., 79

complexity/uncertainty domain v., 328329

defined, 75

description, risk log, 85

entrepreneurial, 76

external, 78

history, Linear PMLC models, 345346

identification, 7779

level

APM, 45

PMLC model choice process, 57

TPM, 41, 328329

xPM, 5051, 328329

log, 85, 302, 346

matrix, 82

mitigation, 8485

monitoring, 85

organizational, 78

owner, risk log, 85

project management, 7778

responses, 8485

technical, 77

risk driver template and assessment worksheet, 78, 8081

risk management (Knowledge Area), 7585

defined, 7576

project failures, 8485, 221, 328

questions, 76

skill variety, 73

Risk/Benefit Matrix, 545546, 555

[email protected], 513514, 516, 709

Robertson, James C., 116

Robertson, Suzanne, 116

ROI (return on investment), 143, 396, 492, 501, 555, 604

Root Cause Analysis, 106, 336, 445

distressed projects, 640641

fishbone diagrams, 612615

template, 613

rotations, 492, 524

routine activities, Linear PMLC model, 343346

Routing subsystem, 61, 224, 376, 570571

RSVPs, 162

rugby, 439

run charts, 619. See also milestone trend charts

runner example, 363364

RUP (Rational Unified Process), 394397

best-fit choice, 131

construction phase, 395

elaboration, 395

graphical depiction, 395396

inception, 394

Iterative PMLC model v., 379, 391, 396

phases, 394395

transition, 395

S

S curve, 294

Sashkin, Marshall, 246

scarce resources. See also critical chain project management

buffers, 368

CCPM, 556, 580

Incremental PMLC models, 356

JPPS, 159

Linear PMLC models, 357

non-value added work v., 325

requirements, higher order definition, 31

Risk/Benefit Matrix, 555

substitute resources, 271

unique requirements constraints, 207

work packages, 240, 426

scatter diagrams, 619620

schedule compression, 150, 152, 215217, 306307, 354, 363, 373374, 648

schedule performance index. See SPI

schedule shift, milestone trend chart, 292293

schedules. See also project network schedule

earned value analysis, 98

tasks, 268271

Schwaber, Ken, 439

scientific wild a** guesses, 144

scope (project scope). See also scoping

defined, 11

prioritizing, 15

scope triangle variable, 11

Scope Bank

Adaptive PMLC model, 401402, 404

APM project, 388, 447448, 632

Cycle Build, 426

Cycle Plan, 420

daily status meeting, 305

management reserve v., 258

managing, 301302

monitoring and control tool, 301302

PMLC model choice process, 58

SWOT analysis, 650

timebox expires, 428

tracking, 402

updated contents, 430431

scope change management process, 254258

distressed projects, 635636

multiple team projects, 663

project change request, 254255

scope change requests

Adaptive PMLC models, 404

Incremental PMLC model, 44

Incremental PMLC models, 357

Iterative PMLC models, 385386

Linear PMLC model, 4344, 342343

Super Team, 683

TPM, 4041

scope creep, 16

scope management (Knowledge Area)

defined, 6768

Zone Map, 595

scope triangle, 1016. See also cost; quality; resources; time

applying, 1516

graphical depiction, 13, 415

INSPIRE, 463

Iron Triangle v., 1011, 13

prioritization approaches, 1415, 415417

problem escalation strategy, 1516

ranking matrix, 417418

risk identification template, 79

system in balance, 1314

variables, 13

xPM, 53

scoping (Process Group), 103147. See also COS; POS

APM PMLC models, 445446

defined, 6465, 104

difficulty of, 2

discussion questions, 147

graphical depiction, 106107

initiating, 64, 121, 483

phase

Adaptive PMLC models, 400

Extreme PMLC model, 472473

Iterative PMLC models, 386

processes, 64

tools/templates/processes, 104105

TPM projects, 103147

Scoping Meeting. See also POS; RBS

agenda, 111112

attendees, 110111

defined, 110

deliverables, 112

POS, 110, 112

purpose, 110

RBS, 110, 112

Scrum, 439443

Adaptive PMLC model, 379, 391, 406, 442

best-fit choice, 131

client involvement, 439

graphical depiction, 441442

process flow, 440441

Product Owner, 131, 405, 439443

rugby v., 439

Sprint, 441443

Scrum Master, 405, 442

secondary actor, 126

SEI (Software Engineering Institute), 94, 409, 507508, 589

SELECT balanced portfolio

Agile Project Portfolio life cycle, 573, 575, 577580

Graham-Englund Selection Model, 552556

Project Distribution Matrix/Forced Ranking Model, 550552

Project Portfolio Management life cycle, 531, 546556

Risk/Benefit Matrix, 552556

Strategic Alignment Model, 548550

weighted criteria, 548550

selected projects, Project Portfolio Management life cycle, 532

selection criteria

client teams, 231

contract teams, 232233

core project team members, 228230

decision-making model, 245

Senge, Peter, 362

senior management

PM/BA Senior Manager position, 693, 699

POS approval process, 145147

separated group sessions, 118

SF (start-to-finish) dependencies, 204, 205, 216

shifting project finish date, 268269

sidebar meeting, 303

sign-off, client, 333

similarities to other activities, task duration estimation method, 188

simple language, 608

simplification, 607

Single Award scenario, 93

single group session, 118

situation decision generation, 246, 247

situation definition phase, decision-making process, 246247

six action areas, team operating rules, 241242

six questions, 25, 27, 60, 64, 444, 690. See also questions

skill categories, 194

skill levels, 194

skill matrices, 193194

slack

available, 268, 306

computing, 213214

defined, 268

free, 150, 213214, 268, 367

total, 150, 213214, 268, 367

utilizing, 268, 306

zero, 210, 214

slack time (float), 209210, 213214, 287

slippages, successive, 291

S.M.A.R.T. characteristics, 137, 137n1

SMEs. See subject matter experts

smoothing, 269

software development projects. See also ASD; RUP

Adaptive PMLC models, 49

APF, 379, 380, 408, 450

APM, 323, 380

distressed, 628

interproject constraints, 208

Iterative PMLC models, 48, 391

Linear PMLC models, 340

management constraints, 207

RBS, 326

Software Engineering Institute (SEI), 94, 409, 507508, 589

software packages, planning and, 153154

Software Tools service area, 486, 493494

solution clarity, 3439, 131, 156, 324, 502. See also project management landscape

Adaptive PMLC models, 408

Extreme PMLC models, 457

Iterative PMLC models, 389, 391, 397398

TPM, 342

xPM, 456457

special cause variation, 364

specific, S.M.A.R.T. characteristic, 137

specific portfolio of projects, 487

specifications

changing requirements and specification, 330, 501, 503, 707

complexity/uncertainty domain v., 333335

incomplete requirements and specification, 330, 501, 503, 707

non-value added work, 334

SPeculate, 463467

Speculate phase, ASD, 406407

Spence Corporation, 103

SPI (schedule performance index), 298300, 557563, 638639, 656

spider charts. See fishbone diagrams

sponsor-led part, 236

sponsors

change in, 113, 141

communication with, 262263

cost budgeting, 198

project kick-off meeting, 238

PSO portfolio management, 564

xPM project completion, 53

Sprint, 441443

SS (start-to-start) dependencies, 204,–209, 215217, 223, 268, 307

ST. See Super Team

staffing

BP4SO, 523524

multiple team projects, 665

PSOs, 495497

StageGates, 412413, 419

stakeholders

communications management, 7475, 264

defined, 74, 264

standard deviations, 290293

standardization, 608

Standish Group, 59, 330, 479, 501505, 520, 591, 596, 642, 707708. See also project failures

Stapleton, Jennifer, 438

start-to-finish. See SF

start-to-start. See SS

statement of work, 11, 94, 95, 220, 277

static risk assessment, 82

statistical validation, CCPM, 365366

status meetings. See project status meetings

steady state, 24, 36

sticky notes

JPPS, 162

planning (Process Group), 155

Post-It Note product, 51, 54, 123

stoplight reports, 282283, 290

Storage flowchart symbol, 120121

Strategic Alignment Model, 533535

The Strategic Project Office: A Guide to Improving Organizational Performance (Crawford), 519

streamlining tools, 607609

stretching tasks, 270

sub-function level, RBS, 115

subject matter experts (SMEs), 92, 145, 163, 197, 252, 331, 495, 524, 610, 673679

subproject managers, 699

subprojects, 7, 111, 171, 487, 500, 680, 684

substitute resources, 150, 271

sub-subprojects, 684

subsystems (PDQ)

Agile model, 449

PMLC models, 61, 376

WBS build, 224

subtasks, 272273, 298

subteams

Adaptive Cycle Plan, 407

Assistant Project Manager, 682

micro-level project planning, 272

RBS to WBS conversion, 170

swim lanes, 408, 473

temporary program office, 9

success criteria, POS, 138140

successive runs, 292

successive slippages, 291

successor tasks, 203204, 210, 212213, 215216, 268, 372

Super Team (ST), 680686. See also multiple team projects

characteristics, 681683

defined, 680

strengths, 684

structure, 681

weaknesses, 685

when to use, 685686

supplier partnership, 609

support offices. See PSOs

SWAGs, 144

swim lanes

business process diagrams, 122

concurrent, 353, 387, 401, 408, 431, 602

defined, 431

FDD Linear PMLC model, 353355

Integrative, 431432

Probative, 431432

rapid Linear PMLC model, 351355

SWOT analysis, 649, 650

systems design projects, 394, 671

T

tasks. See also work packages

activities v., 166

crashing, 185

crashpoint, 186

critical path, 210, 212, 214216, 229, 271, 274, 277

defined, 165

non-critical path, 229, 271, 287, 306308

partitionable, 187, 216

predecessor, 203204, 210212, 215

stretching, 270

subtasks, 272273, 298

successor, 203204, 210, 212213, 215216, 268, 372

work packages, 181

task dependencies. See dependencies

task duration

estimating, 184185, 188191

Linear PMLC models, 344345

resource loading v., 185187

variation in, 187188, 363364

work effort v., 184

task force, PSO, 512513

task identity, job design, 73

Task Manager, PM/BA, 693, 697698

task scheduling, 268271

task significance, job design, 73

task-on-the-arrow (TOA) method, 202

teams (project teams). See also co-located teams; core project teams; multiple team projects; professional development program

APM, 388

balancing, 233235

Building Effective Project Teams (Wysocki), 235, 247

client teams, 227

Agile projects, 378

closing projects, 311

development teams v., 46, 50, 52, 237, 449

qualified co-project manager, 444445

selection criteria, 231

xPM projects, 460

components, 227

contract team members, 231233, 266

from different companies, 660

ideal, 227

imbalanced, 235

norming stage, 277278

POS approval process, 145

project kick-off meeting, 237

recruiting, 227236

team deployment strategy, 235

team development plan, 235236

TPM, 41, 388

team cohesiveness, 329

team communications, 258264

effective channels, 260262

information content, 259260

information timing, 259

with sponsor, 262263

upward communications filtering, 263264

team meetings

agenda preparation, 251

coordinator, 251

daily status meeting, 251252, 302, 305

frequency, 250251

minutes, 251

multiple team projects, 663

problem resolution meetings, 252

project review meetings, 252

structure, 250251

Team Member, PM/BA, 693, 696697

team operating rules, 241252. See also brainstorming; conflict resolution; decision making; problem solving

brainstorming, 249250

conflict resolution, 248249

consensus building, 249

decision making, 244247

multiple team projects, 241

PMBOK, 241

problem solving, 242244

six action areas, 241242

team meetings, 250252

team skills/competencies, PMLC model choice process, 5960

team war room, 252254

contractors, 238

daily status meetings, 305, 425

operational uses, 253254

physical layout, 253

risk monitoring, 85

whiteboards, 155156

technical constraints, 206207

technical risks, 77

technographers, 111, 160, 680

technology. See also information technology

incompetence, 330, 501, 503, 708

leveraging, 32, 37

market changes, 32

new, 330, 501, 504505, 593, 644, 708

PMLC model choice process, 58

project classification by, 1920

RFID, 54, 322

Type A projects, 20

well-understood technology infrastructure, 41

tech-temps, 231

templates. See also tools/templates/processes

candidate risk driver template and assessment worksheet, 78, 8081

Linear PMLC models, 343344, 346347

risk identification, 7879

temporary program offices, 9, 46, 171, 484, 498. See also PSOs

temporary project offices. See project offices

Texas Instruments, 132

Theory of Constraints (TOC), 362363, 382

thinking styles, 235

Thomas, Kenneth, 249

Thoreau, Henry David, 149

thought-process tool, WBS, 167

3M Post-It Note product, 51, 54, 123

three-point technique, 190191

time. See also scarce resources

planning (Process Group), 156157

prioritizing, 15

scope triangle variable, 1213

S.M.A.R.T. characteristic, 137

three-point technique, 190191

time and cost summary page, 220

time and materials contracts, 94

unrealistic time frames, 330, 501, 504, 593, 708

time management (Knowledge Area), 68

timeboxes. See also cycle timeboxes

iteration, 398

Version Scope, 418420

To Be business process, 119, 604, 610, 623

TOA (task-on-the-arrow) method, 202

TOC (Theory of Constraints), 362363, 382

Toledo, Ramon A. Mata, 71n1

tools/templates/processes

APM, 445

closing Process Group, 312

CPIM, 612622

distressed projects, 633639

Incremental PMLC models, 361362

launching Process Group, 226

Linear PMLC models, 354355

monitoring/controlling Process Group, 280281

planning Process Group, 151152, 154156

scoping Process Group, 104105

xPM, 472475

top-down approach, APF implementation, 437

top-down format, 122

total slack, 150, 213214, 268, 367

TPM (traditional project management), 3944, 339376. See also closing; Incremental PMLC models; launching; Linear PMLC models; monitoring/controlling; planning; scoping

APF v., 410

APM approaches with, 47

buffers, 370

business value, 336337

CCPM v., 364, 366

change intolerant, 43, 152, 333, 390

characteristics, 4042

client involvement, 331

co-located teams, 59, 329, 388

complexity level, 40

defined, 340

discussion questions, 376

flexibility, 327

graphical depiction, 55

percent of projects, 39, 42, 47, 322

plan-driven, 42, 325, 327, 330331, 335

project teams, 41

projects

closing, 3, 311320

launching, 225278

monitoring/controlling, 3, 279309

planning, 2, 149224

scoping, 103147

risk level, 41, 328329

scope change requests, 4041

team cohesiveness, 329

well-understood technology infrastructure, 41

xPM v., 53

traditional project management. See TPM

Training service area, 486, 494495

transfer, risk response, 85

transition phase, RUP, 395

Transmission flowchart symbol, 120121

Tregoe, Benjamin B., 336

trigger values, 622, 628, 637, 638, 656

trust, 230, 427, 677

two team situation, multi-team projects, 665666

two-step submission process, project portfolio management, 569570

type A projects, 1921

type B projects, 2021

type C projects, 2021

type D projects, 2021

U

UML (Unified Modeling Language), 125, 352

uncertainty. See also complexity/uncertainty domain; solution clarity

planning and, 153

project classification, 18

unclear objectives, 330, 501, 504, 593, 708

under budget/ahead schedule project, 300

under budget/behind schedule project, 299

Unger, Elizabeth A., 71n1

Unified Modeling Language (UML), 125, 352

unique activities, 67

unique requirements, 207

unrealistic expectations, 80, 330, 501, 504, 593, 708

unrealistic time frames, 330, 501, 504, 593, 708

upgrading, 608

upward communications filtering, 263264

use cases

APF, 436

diagrams, 126127

INSPIRE, 465

PDQ case study, 623, 636

RBS method, 118, 125127

RUP, 394, 397

user input. See client involvement

utilizing available slack, 268, 306

V

values. See also business value

APF, 410412

value-added assessment, 607

Vargo, Ed, 583

variance reports, 283284

variances, 286288

EVA, 287, 294, 295

negative, 287288

positive, 286287

variation, in task duration, 187188, 363364

velocity, organizational, 356, 380

vendors

contracting, 9296

evaluation, 8992

evaluation criteria, 90

management, 9699

monitoring progress/performance, 9798

selection, 92

solicitation, 8689

verb-type approaches, to building WBS, 177, 179

Verma, Vijay K., 241

Version Scope, 412420. See also Adaptive Project Framework

COS, 413414

cycle timeboxes, 418420

cycles

functions assigned, 420

number of, 419420

objective statements for, 420

deliverables, 413414

graphical depiction, 414

parts, 412

POS, 414, 418419

Post-Version Review v., 433

prioritized scope triangle, 415417

RBS, 414, 419

StageGates, 412413, 419

WBS, 414, 419

virtual PSOs, 497498

vision statements. See mission statements

W

WAGs, 144

wall-mounted ashtrays, 132

Walmart, 322, 659660, 673

wants, needs v., 37, 86, 106

war room. See team war room

Ward, Bryan K., 584

waterfall approaches

Evolutionary Development Waterfall, 48, 57, 131

Rapid Development Waterfall, 57, 502

for WBS, 183

WBS (Work Breakdown Structure), 164183

APM, 48

building, 168171

approaches, 176180

RBS converted to WBS, 31, 116, 165167, 169171

CoA v., 178

color-coded sticky notes, 155

completion criteria, 172176

defined, 163164

distressed projects, 634635

FDD Linear PMLC models, 352

hierarchical visualization, 166

for house, 181182

iterative development, 171

JPPS deliverable, 163, 168

for large projects, 171

micro-level, 272273, 421, 422

noun-type approaches to building, 176178

organizational approaches to building, 177, 179180

plan-driven TPM projects, 42

project replication, 22

project-status-reporting tool, 168

RBS v., 31, 116, 165167, 169171, 177

representing, 180183

sub-functions v., 115

uses for, 167168

vendor contracting, 92, 99

verb-type approaches to building, 177, 179

Version Scope, 414, 419

for waterfall systems development methodology, 183

whiteboard, 156

weighted criteria

PRIORITIZE projects, 541, 543544

SELECT balanced portfolio, 548550

weight-guessing example, 190

Weiss, Joseph, 172

What business situation is being addressed?, 25, 64, 444, 690

What do you need to do?, 2526, 64, 104, 105, 444, 690692

What will you do?, 2526, 65, 444, 690, 692

whiteboards. See also team war room

planning (Process Group), 154, 155156

wide-band Delphi technique, 191

wild a** guesses, 144

Williams, John, 103

work assignments, independent, 172, 174, 269

Work Breakdown Structure. See WBS

work effort, 184. See also task duration

work packages

assignment sheets, 275, 277

Cycle Plan, 426

defined, 166, 181, 273274

description reports, 275276

format, 275277

project kick-off meeting working session agenda, 240

purpose, 274

scarce resources, 240, 426

writing, 273277

working session agenda, project kick-off meeting, 238240

written communications, 331

Wysocki, Robert K.

Adaptive Project Framework: Managing Complexity in the Face of Uncertainty, 408

Building Effective Project Teams, 235, 247

Effective Software Project Management, 118, 298

Enterprise Information Insights, Inc., 23, 63, 279, 323, 339, 377, 514, 583

Executive's Guide to Project Management: Organizational Process and Practices for Supporting Complex Projects, 521n2, 709

5-Phase Project Management: A Practical Planning and Implementation Guide, 172

quotes, 23, 63, 279, 323, 339, 377, 583

[email protected], 513514, 516, 709

X

xPM (Extreme Project Management), 5053, 453477. See also MPx

APM v., 5253, 457

business value, 337

change, 336

characteristics, 455456

client involvement, 331332

client ownership, 332333

client's comfort zone, 332

co-located teams, 329, 468

core team members, 228

defined, 454455

discussion questions, 475477

flexibility, 327

graphical depiction, 52, 55, 454

high change, 455456

high speed, 455

INSPIRE, 457470

COS, 464

graphical depiction, 458

Incubate, 467469

INitiate, 459463

REview, 469470

SPeculate, 463467

life cycle, 454470

model, 5153

MPx v., 55

non-value-added work, 655

percent of projects, 47, 154, 322

project failures, 5051, 53, 329, 454

R & D projects, 5051, 5354, 129, 322, 329, 453, 455, 471, 536

risk level, 5051, 328329

scope triangle, 53

solution clarity, 456457

strengths, 456

team cohesiveness, 329

tools/templates/processes, 472475

TPM v., 53

weaknesses, 457

Y-Z

zero slack, 210, 214

Zone Map, 591595, 597598, 600

completed, 594

graphical depiction, 592, 594

PQM and, 592

zones of interest, 593594

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