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Appendix G
Standard Values of Resistors, Capacitors, and Inductors

G.1 Color Code of Resistors

Except for wire‐wound/cermet/high‐power/precision resistors, most common resistors do not have their resistance value printed on them, but rather have a color code representing their resistance value as illustrated in Figure G.1. Table G.1 shows the numerical value or tolerance (manufacturer’s reliability rating) represented by each color. For example, the resistance value of a resistor with the four‐color band of yellow‐violet‐red‐silver is

(G.1)

and that of a resistor with the five‐color band of orange–black–white–gold–gold is

(G.2)

(cf.) Visit the web site http://xtronics.com/kits/rcode.htm for more details about the color code.

G.2 Standard Values of Resistors

Discrete resistors are commercially available only in standard values depending on their tolerance as listed in Table G.2. Consequently, when the designed value of a resistor is 3.1 kΩ, we should use 30×10² ± 5%[Ω] or 309×10¹ ± 1%[Ω] unless we somehow have a resistor of 3.1 kΩ fabricated.

Diagrams of color code for resistors such as four-color band code with lines marking the first digit, second digit, etc. (a) and five-color band code with lines marking the multiplier (m), tolerance (%), etc. (b). — **Figure G.1** Color code for resistors. (*See insert for color representation of the figure*.)

Table G.1 Color code of resistors.

Color	Digit	Color	Digit	Color	Tolerance (%)
Black	0	Blue	6	Brown	1
Brown	1	Violet	7	Red	2
Red	2	Gray	8	Gold	5
Orange	3	White	9	Silver	10
Yellow	4	Gold	‐1 (applied only to multiplier m)	None	20
Green	5	Silver	‐2 (applied only to multiplier m)

(cf.) The commercially available resistors have the power (wattage) ratings of 1/8, 1/4, 1/2, 1, and 2W depending on their physical sizes.
(cf.) Some resistors may exhibit parasitic effects of series inductance and parallel capacitance especially if the circuit containing them operates at very high frequency.

G.3 Standard Values of Capacitors

Discrete capacitors are commercially available only in standard values depending on their physical material/shape as listed in Tables G.3.1 and G.3.2. Table G.3.3 shows the letter tolerance code of capacitors. Most of them have their value (like 22 μF) printed on their body together with their breakdown voltage, while the capacitance value of ceramic condenser is printed as, say, 104, which means the capacity of

Table G.2 Standard values of resistors.

1% tolerance												5% tolerance				10% tolerance		20% tolerance
100	121	147	178	215	261	316	383	464	562	681	825	10	18	33	56	10	33	10
102	124	150	182	221	267	324	392	475	576	698	845	11	20	36	62	12	39	15
105	127	154	187	226	274	332	402	487	590	715	866	12	22	39	68	15	47	22
107	130	158	191	232	280	340	412	499	604	732	887	13	24	43	75	18	56	33
110	133	162	196	237	287	348	422	511	619	750	909	15	27	47	82	22	68	47
113	137	165	200	243	294	357	432	523	634	768	931	16	30	51	91	27	82	68
115	140	169	205	249	301	365	442	536	649	787	953
118	143	174	210	255	309	374	453	549	665	806	976

Table G.3.1 Standard values of electrolytic capacitors [μF].

Maximum voltage 10 V				Maximum voltage 25 V			Maximum voltage 50 V
	100	1000	10 000	10	100	1000	0.1	1.0	10	100	1000
22	220	2200		22	220	2200	0.22	2.2	22	220	2200
33	330	3300		33	330	3300	0.33	3.3	33	330
47	470	4700		47	470	4700	0.47	4.7	47	470
		6800

Table G.3.2 Standard values of ceramic and mylar polyester capacitors.

Ceramic disc capacitors [pF] with maximum voltage 200 V				Mylar polyester capacitors [μF] with maximum voltage 100 V
10	100	1000	10 000	0.001	0.01	0.1	0.33
15	150	1500	15 000	0.0015	0.015	0.12	0.39
22	220	2200		0.0022	0.022	0.15	0.47
33	330	3300		0.0033	0.033	0.18	0.56
47	470	4700		0.0047	0.047	0.22	0.68
68	680	6800		0.0068	0.068	0.27	0.82
				0.0082	0.082		1.0

Table G.3.3 Letter tolerance code of capacitors.

A	B	C	D	E	F	G	H	J	K	M	N	P	Z
+0.05 pF	+0.1 pF	+0.25 pF	+0.5 pF	+0.5%	+1%	+2%	+3%	+5%	+10%	+20%	+30%	+100%	+80%
`‐`0.05 pF	−0.1 pF	−0.25 pF	−0.5 pF	−0.5%	−1%	−2%	−3%	−5%	−10%	−20%	−30%	−0%	−20%

If the tolerance is missing, it can be assumed to be ±20%. Note that electrolytic capacitors have positive/negative terminals with the positive one having longer leg, and if we are not careful to connect them in accord with the polarity they will leak or may be destroyed.

(cf.) The commercially available capacitors have the working voltages of about 3∼1000 V.
(cf.) Some capacitors may exhibit parasitic effects of parallel/series resistance and series inductance.

function std_val=standard_value(val,RLC,glc,tol)
%Input: R= the value of desired Resistance/Inductance/Capacitance
%    RLC= 'R'/'L'/'C'
%    glc='g'/'l'/'c' for greater than or equal/less than or equal/close
%    tol=1/5/10 for error tolerance
if nargin<4, tol=1; end
if nargin<3, glc='c'; end
if nargin<2, RLC='R'; end
Rs1=[100 102 105 107 110 113 115 118 121 124 127 130 133 137 140 143 147]; Rs1=[Rs1 150 154 158 162 165 169 174 178 182 187 191 196 200 205 210 215];
Rs1=[Rs1 221 226 232 237 243 249 255 261 267 274 280 287 294 301 309 316]; Rs1=[Rs1 324 332 340 348 357 365 374 383 392 402 412 422 432 442 453 464]; Rs1=[Rs1 475 487 499 511 523 536 549 562 576 590 604 619 634 649 665 681]; Rs1=[698 715 732 750 768 787 806 825 845 866 887 909 931 953 976];
Multipliers=10.^[-2:9]; % Table G.1
Rs1=Multipliers'*Rs1; Rs1=Rs1(:)'; % 1%-tolerance (Table G.2)
Rs=[10 11 12 13 15 16 18 20 22 24 27 30 33 36 39 43 47 51 56 62 68 75 82 91];
Rs5=Multipliers'*Rs5; Rs5=Rs5(:)'; % 5%-tolerance (Table G.2)
Rs10=[10 12 15 18 22 27 33 39 47 56 68 82];
Rs10=Multipliers'*Rs10; Rs10=Rs10(:)'; % 10%-tolerance (Table G.2)
Cs1=[10 15 22 33 47 68 100 150 220 330 470 680 1000 1500 2200 3300 4700 6800]; Cs1=[Cs1 10000 15000]*1e-12;
Cs2=[0.001 0.0015 0.0022 0.0033 0.0047 0.0068 0.0082 0.01 0.015 0.022 0.033]; Cs2=[Cs2 0.047 0.068 0.082 0.1 0.12 0.15 0.18 0.22 0.27 0.33 0.39 0.47 0.56];
Cs2=[0.68 0.82 1 2.2 3.3 4.7 10 22 33 47 100 220 330 470 1000 2200 3300 4700]; Cs2=[Cs2 6800 10000]*1e-6; Cs = [Cs1 Cs2];
Ls0=[1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.5 1.6 1.8 2 2.2 2.4 2.7 3 3.3 3.6 3.9 4.3 4.7 5.1 5.6 6.2]; Ls0 = [Ls0 6.8 7.5 8.2 8.7 9.1];
Ls = [Ls0*1e-6 Ls0*1e-9]; Ls=[1; 10; 100]*Ls; Ls=[Ls(:)' Ls0*1e-3];
switch lower(RLC)
  case 'r' % Resistor
   if tol==5
    if lower(glc(1))=='g', ind=find(Rs5>=val); list=Rs5(ind);
     elseif lower(glc(1))=='l', ind=find(Rs5<=val); list=Rs5(ind);
     else list=Rs5;
    end
   elseif tol==10
    if lower(glc(1))=='g', ind=find(Rs10>=val); list=Rs10(ind);
     elseif lower(glc(1))=='l', ind=find(Rs10<=val); list=Rs10(ind);
     else list=Rs10;
    end
   else % if tol=1%
    if lower(glc(1))=='g', ind=find(Rs1>=val); list=Rs1(ind);
     elseif lower(glc(1))=='l', ind=find(Rs1<=val); list=Rs1(ind);
     else list=Rs1;
    end
   end
  case 'l' % Inductor
   if lower(glc(1))=='g', ind=find(Ls>=val); list=Ls(ind);
    elseif lower(glc(1))=='l', ind=find(Ls<=val); list=Ls(ind);
    else list=Ls;
   end
  case 'c' % Capacitor
   if lower(glc(1))=='g', ind=find(Cs>=val); list=Cs(ind);
    elseif lower(glc(1))=='l', ind=find(Cs<=val); list=Cs(ind);
    else list=Cs;
   end
  otherwise error('What do you want, neither R nor L nor C?')
end
[em,im] = min(abs(list-val)); std_val = list(im);

G.4 Standard Values of Inductors

Discrete inductors are commercially available only in standard values (with the tolerance of ±5%, ±10%, and ±20%) listed in Table G.4.

(cf.) Most inductors exhibit parasitic effects of series resistance (due to the large number of turns) and parallel capacitance.
(cf.) Visit the web site http://www.rfcafe.com/references/electrical/inductor‐values.htm for more details about the standard values of inductors.

For the desired values of the resistances, capacitances, and inductances, the standard values can easily be chosen from Tables G.2, G.3.1, G.3.2, and G.4 by using the following MATLAB routine ‘standard_value(val,RLC,glc,tol)’ where the input arguments are supposed to be given as follows:

val: the desired value of a resistance, a capacitance, or an inductance;
RLC: ‘R’, ‘C’, or ‘L’ for resistance, a capacitance, or an inductance;
glc: ‘g’, ‘l’, or ‘c’ to look for the standard value slightly greater than, less than, or just close to the desired value; and
tol: 1, 5, or 10 for 1%‐/5%‐/10%‐tolerance standard resistance value.

Table G.4 Standard values of inductors.

1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.5 1.6 1.8 2.0 2.2 2.4 2.7 3.0 3.3 3.6 3.9 4.3 4.7 5.1 5.6 6.2 6.8 7.5 8.2 8.7 9.1 nH, μH

1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.5 1.6 1.8 2.0 2.2 2.4 2.7 3.0 3.3 3.6 3.9 4.3 4.7 5.1 5.6 6.2 6.8 7.5 8.2 8.7 9.1×10 nH, μH

1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.5 1.6 1.8 2.0 2.2 2.4 2.7 3.0 3.3 3.6 3.9 4.3 4.7 5.1 5.6 6.2 6.8 7.5 8.2 8.7 9.1×10²nH, μH

1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.5 1.6 1.8 2.0 2.2 2.4 2.7 3.0 3.3 3.6 3.9 4.3 4.7 5.1 5.6 6.2 6.8 7.5 8.2 8.7 9.1×10³nH, μH

G.5 Standard Values of Zener Diode Voltage

Table G.5 Standard values of Zener diode voltages.

2.4 2.5 2.7 2.8 3.0 3.3 3.6 3.9 4.3 4.7 5.1 5.6 6.0 6.2 6.8 7.5 8.2 8.7 9.1

10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 22

24 25 27 28 30 33 36 39 43 47 51 56 60 62 68 75 82 87 91

100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200

http://www.logwell.com/tech/components/zener.html

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Table of Contents for Appendix G: Standard Values of Resistors, Capacitors, and InductorsStandard Values of Resistors, Capacitors, and Inductors

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G.1 Color Code of Resistors

G.2 Standard Values of Resistors

G.3 Standard Values of Capacitors

G.4 Standard Values of Inductors

G.5 Standard Values of Zener Diode Voltage

Table of Contents for
Appendix G: Standard Values of Resistors, Capacitors, and InductorsStandard Values of Resistors, Capacitors, and Inductors