- Cover Page
- About This eBook
- Title Page
- Copyright Page
- Dedication Page
- Contents
- Introduction
- A. Who Is the Intended Audience?
- B. What Are the Goals of This Book?
- C. What Is the Structure of CRE?
- D. What Are the Components of the CRE Web Site?
- E. Why Do We Assign Homework Problems?
- F. Are There Other Web Site Resources?
- G. How Can One’s Critical Thinking and Creative Thinking Skills Be Enhanced? (http://umich.edu/~scps/html/probsolv/strategy/crit-n-creat.htm)
- H. What’s New in This Edition?
- I. How Do I Say Thank You?
- About the Author
- 1. Mole Balances
- 1.1 The Rate of Reaction, –rA
- 1.2 The General Mole Balance Equation (GMBE)
- 1.3 Batch Reactors (BRs)
- 1.4 Continuous-Flow Reactors
- 1.5 Industrial Reactors
- 1.6 And Now... A Word from Our Sponsor–Safety 1 (AWFOS–S1 Safety)
- Summary
- CRE Web Site Materials
- Questions, Simulations, and Problems
- Supplementary Reading
- 2. Conversion and Reactor Sizing
- 2.1 Definition of Conversion
- 2.2 Batch Reactor Design Equations
- 2.3 Design Equations for Flow Reactors
- 2.4 Sizing Continuous-Flow Reactors
- 2.5 Reactors in Series
- 2.6 Some Further Definitions
- 2.7 And Now… A Word from Our Sponsor–Safety 2 (AWFOS–S2 The NFPA Diamond)
- Summary
- CRE Web Site Materials
- Questions and Problems
- Supplementary Reading
- 3. Rate Laws
- 3.1 Basic Definitions
- 3.2 The Rate Law
- 3.3 The Reaction-Rate Constant
- 3.4 Molecular Simulations
- 3.5 Present Status of Our Approach to Reactor Sizing and Design
- 3.6 And Now... A Word from Our Sponsor–Safety 3 (AWFOS–S3 The GHS Diamond)
- Summary
- CRE Web Site Materials
- Questions, Simulations, and Problems
- Supplementary Reading
- 4. Stoichiometry
- 4.1 Batch Reactors (BRs)
- 4.2 Flow Systems
- 4.3 Reversible Reactions and Equilibrium Conversion
- 4.4 And Now... A Word from Our Sponsor–Safety 4 (AWFOS–S4 The Swiss Cheese Model)
- Summary
- CRE Web Site Materials (http://www.umich.edu/~elements/6e/04chap/obj.html#/)
- Questions and Problems
- Questions
- Computer Simulations and Experiments
- Interactive Computer Games
- Problems
- Supplementary Reading
- 5. Isothermal Reactor Design: Conversion
- 5.1 Design Structure for Isothermal Reactors
- 5.2 Batch Reactors (BRs)
- 5.3 Continuous-Stirred Tank Reactors (CSTRs)
- 5.4 Tubular Reactors
- 5.5 Pressure Drop in Reactors
- 5.6 Synthesizing the Design of a Chemical Plant
- 5.7 And Now… A Word from Our Sponsor–Safety 5 (AWFOS–S5 A Safety Analysis of the Incident Algorithm)
- Summary
- ODE Solver Algorithm
- CRE Web Site Materials
- Questions, Simulations, and Problems
- Supplementary Reading
- 6. Isothermal Reactor Design: Moles and Molar Flow Rates
- 6.1 The Moles and Molar Flow Rate Balance Algorithms
- 6.2 Mole Balances on CSTRs, PFRs, PBRs, and Batch Reactors
- 6.3 Application of the PFR Molar Flow Rate Algorithm to a Microreactor
- 6.4 Membrane Reactors
- 6.5 Unsteady-State Operation of Stirred Reactors
- 6.6 Semibatch Reactors
- 6.7 And Now… A Word from Our Sponsor–Safety 6 (AWFOS–S6 The BowTie Diagram)
- Summary
- ODE Solver Algorithm
- CRE Web Site Materials
- Questions, Simulations, and Problems
- Supplementary Reading
- 7. Collection and Analysis of Rate Data
- 7.1 The Algorithm for Data Analysis
- 7.2 Determining the Reaction Order for Each of Two Reactants Using the Method of Excess
- 7.3 Integral Method
- 7.4 Differential Method of Analysis
- 7.5 Nonlinear Regression
- 7.6 Reaction-Rate Data from Differential Reactors
- 7.7 Experimental Planning
- 7.8 And Now… A Word from Our Sponsor–Safety 7 (AWFOS–S7 Laboratory Safety)
- Summary
- CRE Web Site Materials
- Questions, Simulations, and Problems
- Supplementary Reading
- 8. Multiple Reactions
- 8.1 Definitions
- 8.2 Algorithm for Multiple Reactions
- 8.3 Parallel Reactions
- 8.4 Reactions in Series
- 8.5 Complex Reactions
- 8.6 Membrane Reactors to Improve Selectivity in Multiple Reactions
- 8.7 Sorting It All Out
- 8.8 The Fun Part
- 8.9 And Now… A Word from Our Sponsor–Safety 8 (AWFOS–S8 The Fire Triangle)
- Summary
- CRE Web Site Materials
- Questions, Simulations, and Problems
- Supplementary Reading
- 9. Reaction Mechanisms, Pathways, Bioreactions, and Bioreactors
- 9.1 Active Intermediates and Nonelementary Rate Laws
- 9.2 Enzymatic Reaction Fundamentals
- 9.3 Inhibition of Enzyme Reactions
- 9.4 Bioreactors and Biosynthesis
- 9.5 And Now… A Word from Our Sponsor–Safety 9 (AWFOS–S9 Process Safety Triangle)
- Summary
- CRE Web Site Materials
- Questions, Simulations, and Problems
- Supplementary Reading
- 10. Catalysis and Catalytic Reactors
- 10.1 Catalysts
- 10.2 Steps in a Catalytic Reaction
- 10.3 Synthesizing a Rate Law, Mechanism, and Rate-Limiting Step
- 10.4 Heterogeneous Data Analysis for Reactor Design
- 10.5 Reaction Engineering in Microelectronic Fabrication
- 10.6 Model Discrimination
- 10.7 Catalyst Deactivation
- 10.8 Reactors That Can Be Used to Help Offset Catalyst Decay
- Comparison of Model with Industrial Data
- 10.9 And Now… A Word from Our Sponsor–Safety 10 (AWFOS–S10 Exxon Mobil Torrance Refinery Explosion Involving a Straight–Through Transport Reactor [STTR])
- Summary
- ODE Solver Algorithm
- CRE Web Site Materials
- Questions, Simulations, and Problems
- Problems
- Supplementary Reading
- 11. Nonisothermal Reactor Design: The Steady-State Energy Balance and Adiabatic PFR Applications
- 11.1 Rationale
- 11.2 The Energy Balance
- 11.3 The User-Friendly Energy Balance Equations
- 11.4 Adiabatic Operation ∴ Q = 0
- 11.5 Adiabatic Equilibrium Conversion
- 11.6 Reactor Staging with Interstage Cooling or Heating
- 11.7 Optimum Feed Temperature
- 11.8 And Now… A Word from Our Sponsor–Safety 11 (AWFOS–S11 Acronyms)
- Summary
- CRE Web Site Materials
- Questions, Simulations, and Problems
- Supplementary Reading
- 12. Steady-State Nonisothermal Reactor Design: Flow Reactors with Heat Exchange
- 12.1 Steady-State Tubular Reactor with Heat Exchange
- 12.2 Balance on the Heat-Transfer Fluid
- 12.3 Examples of the Algorithm for PFR/PBR Design with Heat Effects
- 12.4 CSTR with Heat Effects
- 12.5 Multiple Steady States (MSS)
- 12.6 Nonisothermal Multiple Chemical Reactions
- 12.7 Radial and Axial Temperature Variations in a Tubular Reactor
- 12.8 And Now... A Word from Our Sponsor—Safety 12 (AWFOS–S12 Safety Statistics)
- Summary
- CRE Web Site Materials (http://www.umich.edu/~elements/6e/12chap/obj.html#/)
- Questions, Simulations, and Problems
- Supplementary Reading
- 13. Unsteady-State Nonisothermal Reactor Design
- 13.1 The Unsteady-State Energy Balance
- 13.2 Energy Balance on Batch Reactors (BRs)
- 13.3 Batch and Semibatch Reactors with a Heat Exchanger
- 13.4 Nonisothermal Multiple Reactions
- 13.5 And Now… A Word from Our Sponsor–Safety 13 (AWFOS–S13 Safety Analysis of the T2 Laboratories Incident)
- Summary
- CRE Web Site Materials (http://www.umich.edu/~elements/6e/13chap/obj.html#/)
- Questions, Simulations, and Problems
- Supplementary Reading
- 14. Mass Transfer Limitations in Reacting Systems
- 14A Mass Transfer Fundamentals
- 14.1 Diffusion Fundamentals
- 14.2 Binary Diffusion
- 14.3 Modeling Diffusion with Chemical Reaction
- 14.4 The Mass Transfer Coefficient
- 14B Applications
- 14.5 Mass Transfer to a Single Particle
- 14.6 The Shrinking Core Model
- 14C Packed-Bed Applications
- 14.7 Mass Transfer-Limited Reactions in Packed Beds
- 14.8 Robert the Worrier
- 14.9 What If . . . ? (Parameter Sensitivity)
- 14.10 And Now… A Word from Our Sponsor—Safety 14 (AWFOS–S14 Sugar Dust Explosion)
- Summary
- CRE Web Site Materials
- Questions, Simulations, and Problems
- Supplementary Reading
- 15. Diffusion and Reaction
- 15.1 Diffusion and Reactions in Homogeneous Systems
- 15.2 Diffusion and Reactions in Spherical Catalyst Pellets
- 15.3 The Internal Effectiveness Factor
- 15.4 Falsified Kinetics
- 15.5 Overall Effectiveness Factor
- 15.6 Estimation of Diffusion- and Reaction-Limited Regimes
- 15.7 Mass Transfer and Reaction in a Packed Bed
- 15.8 Determination of Limiting Situations from Reaction-Rate Data
- 15.9 Multiphase Reactors in the Professional Reference Shelf
- 15.10 Fluidized Bed Reactors
- 15.11 Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD)
- 15.12 And Now… A Word From Our Sponsor–Safety 15 (AWFOS–S15 Critical Thinking Questions Applied to Safety)
- Summary
- CRE Web Site Materials (http://www.umich.edu/~elements/6e/15chap/obj.html#/)
- Questions, Simulations, and Problems
- Supplementary Reading
- 16. Residence Time Distributions of Chemical Reactors
- 16.1 General Considerations
- 16.2 Measurement of the RTD
- 16.3 Characteristics of the RTD
- 16.4 RTD in Ideal Reactors
- 16.5 PFR/CSTR Series RTD
- 16.6 Diagnostics and Troubleshooting
- 16.7 And Now… A Word from Our Sponsor–Safety 16 (AWFOS–S16 Critical Thinking Actions)
- Summary
- CRE Web Site Materials
- Questions, Simulations, and Problems
- Supplementary Reading
- 17. Predicting Conversion Directly from the Residence Time Distribution
- 17.1 Modeling Nonideal Reactors Using the RTD
- 17.2 Zero Adjustable Parameter Models
- 17.3 Using Software Packages Such as Polymath to Find Maximum Mixedness Conversion
- 17.4 Tanks-in-Series One Parameter Model, n
- 17.5 RTD and Multiple Reactions
- 17.6 And Now… A Word from Our Sponsor–Safety 17 (AWFOS–S17 Brief Case History on an Air Preheater)
- Summary
- CRE Web Site Materials
- Questions, Simulations, and Problems
- Supplementary Reading
- 18. Models for Nonideal Reactors
- 18.1 Some Guidelines for Developing Models
- 18.2 Flow and Axial Dispersion of Inert Tracers in Isothermal Reactors
- 18.3 Flow, Reaction, and Axial Dispersion
- 18.4 Flow, Reaction, and Axial Dispersion in Isothermal Laminar-Flow Reactors and Finding Meno
- 18.5 Tanks-in-Series Model versus Dispersion Model
- 18.6 Numerical Solutions to Flows with Dispersion and Reaction
- 18.7 Nonisothermal Flow with Radial and Axial Variations in a Tubular Reactor
- 18.8 Two-Parameter Models—Modeling Real Reactors with Combinations of Ideal Reactors
- 18.9 And Now… A Word from Our Sponsor–Safety 18 (AWFOS–S18 An Algorithm for Management of Change (MoC))
- Summary
- CRE Web Site Materials
- Questions, Simulations, and Problems
- Supplementary Reading
- A. Numerical Techniques
- B. Ideal Gas Constant and Conversion Factors
- C. Thermodynamic Relationships Involving the Equilibrium Constant
- D. Software Packages
- E. Rate-Law Data
- F. Nomenclature
- G. Open-Ended Problems
- H. Use of Computational Chemistry Software Packages
- I. How to Use the CRE Web Resources
- Index
- Credits
Elements of Chemical Reaction Engineering
Sixth Edition
H. Scott Fogler
Ame and Catherine Vennema Professor of Chemical Engineering
and the Arthur F. Thurnau Professor
The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
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