Contents

List of Figures

Foreword by Mike Cohn

Foreword by Ron Jeffries

Preface

Acknowledgments

About the Author

Chapter 1 Introduction

What Is Scrum?

Scrum Origins

Why Scrum?

Genomica Results

Can Scrum Help You?

Complex Domain

Complicated Domain

Simple Domain

Chaotic Domain

Disorder

Interrupt-Driven Work

Closing

PART I Core Concepts

Chapter 2 Scrum Framework

Overview

Scrum Roles

Product Owner

ScrumMaster

Development Team

Scrum Activities and Artifacts

Product Backlog

Sprints

Sprint Planning

Sprint Execution

Daily Scrum

Done

Sprint Review

Sprint Retrospective

Closing

Chapter 3 Agile Principles

Overview

Variability and Uncertainty

Embrace Helpful Variability

Employ Iterative and Incremental Development

Leverage Variability through Inspection, Adaptation, and Transparency

Reduce All Forms of Uncertainty Simultaneously

Prediction and Adaptation

Keep Options Open

Accept That You Can’t Get It Right Up Front

Favor an Adaptive, Exploratory Approach

Embrace Change in an Economically Sensible Way

Balance Predictive Up-Front Work with Adaptive Just-in-Time Work

Validated Learning

Validate Important Assumptions Fast

Leverage Multiple Concurrent Learning Loops

Organize Workflow for Fast Feedback

Work in Process (WIP)

Use Economically Sensible Batch Sizes

Recognize Inventory and Manage It for Good Flow

Focus on Idle Work, Not Idle Workers

Consider Cost of Delay

Progress

Adapt to Real-Time Information and Replan

Measure Progress by Validating Working Assets

Focus on Value-Centric Delivery

Performance

Go Fast but Never Hurry

Build In Quality

Employ Minimally Sufficient Ceremony

Closing

Chapter 4 Sprints

Overview

Timeboxed

Establishes a WIP Limit

Forces Prioritization

Demonstrates Progress

Avoids Unnecessary Perfectionism

Motivates Closure

Improves Predictability

Short Duration

Ease of Planning

Fast Feedback

Improved Return on Investment

Bounded Error

Rejuvenated Excitement

Frequent Checkpoints

Consistent Duration

Cadence Benefits

Simplifies Planning

No Goal-Altering Changes

What Is a Sprint Goal?

Mutual Commitment

Change versus Clarification

Consequences of Change

Being Pragmatic

Abnormal Termination

Definition of Done

What Is the Definition of Done?

Definition of Done Can Evolve Over Time

Definition of Done versus Acceptance Criteria

Done versus Done-Done

Closing

Chapter 5 Requirements and User Stories

Overview

Using Conversations

Progressive Refinement

What Are User Stories?

Card

Conversation

Confirmation

Level of Detail

INVEST in Good Stories

Independent

Negotiable

Valuable

Estimatable

Sized Appropriately (Small)

Testable

Nonfunctional Requirements

Knowledge-Acquisition Stories

Gathering Stories

User-Story-Writing Workshop

Story Mapping

Closing

Chapter 6 Product Backlog

Overview

Product Backlog Items

Good Product Backlog Characteristics

Detailed Appropriately

Emergent

Estimated

Prioritized

Grooming

What Is Grooming?

Who Does the Grooming?

When Does Grooming Take Place?

Definition of Ready

Flow Management

Release Flow Management

Sprint Flow Management

Which and How Many Product Backlogs?

What Is a Product?

Large Products—Hierarchical Backlogs

Multiple Teams—One Product Backlog

One Team—Multiple Products

Closing

Chapter 7 Estimation and Velocity

Overview

What and When We Estimate

Portfolio Backlog Item Estimates

Product Backlog Estimates

Task Estimates

PBI Estimation Concepts

Estimate as a Team

Estimates Are Not Commitments

Accuracy versus Precision

Relative Size Estimation

PBI Estimation Units

Story Points

Ideal Days

Planning Poker

Estimation Scale

How to Play

Benefits

What Is Velocity?

Calculate a Velocity Range

Forecasting Velocity

Affecting Velocity

Misusing Velocity

Closing

Chapter 8 Technical Debt

Overview

Consequences of Technical Debt

Unpredictable Tipping Point

Increased Time to Delivery

Significant Number of Defects

Rising Development and Support Costs

Product Atrophy

Decreased Predictability

Underperformance

Universal Frustration

Decreased Customer Satisfaction

Causes of Technical Debt

Pressure to Meet a Deadline

Attempting to Falsely Accelerate Velocity

Myth: Less Testing Can Accelerate Velocity

Debt Builds on Debt

Technical Debt Must Be Managed

Managing the Accrual of Technical Debt

Use Good Technical Practices

Use a Strong Definition of Done

Properly Understand Technical Debt Economics

Making Technical Debt Visible

Make Technical Debt Visible at the Business Level

Make Technical Debt Visible at the Technical Level

Servicing the Technical Debt

Not All Technical Debt Should Be Repaid

Apply the Boy Scout Rule (Service Debt When You Happen Upon It)

Repay Technical Debt Incrementally

Repay the High-Interest Technical Debt First

Repay Technical Debt While Performing Customer-Valuable Work

Closing

PART II Roles

Chapter 9 Product Owner

Overview

Principal Responsibilities

Manage Economics

Participate in Planning

Groom the Product Backlog

Define Acceptance Criteria and Verify That They Are Met

Collaborate with the Development Team

Collaborate with the Stakeholders

Characteristics/Skills

Domain Skills

People Skills

Decision Making

Accountability

A Day in the Life

Who Should Be a Product Owner?

Internal Development

Commercial Development

Outsourced Development Project

Component Development

Product Owner Combined with Other Roles

Product Owner Team

Product Owner Proxy

Chief Product Owner

Closing

Chapter 10 ScrumMaster

Overview

Principal Responsibilities

Coach

Servant Leader

Process Authority

Interference Shield

Impediment Remover

Change Agent

Characteristics/Skills

Knowledgeable

Questioning

Patient

Collaborative

Protective

Transparent

A Day in the Life

Fulfilling the Role

Who Should Be a ScrumMaster?

Is ScrumMaster a Full-Time Job?

ScrumMaster Combined with Other Roles

Closing

Chapter 11 Development Team

Overview

Role-Specific Teams

Principal Responsibilities

Perform Sprint Execution

Inspect and Adapt Each Day

Groom the Product Backlog

Plan the Sprint

Inspect and Adapt the Product and Process

Characteristics/Skills

Self-Organizing

Cross-Functionally Diverse and Sufficient

T-Shaped Skills

Musketeer Attitude

High-Bandwidth Communications

Transparent Communication

Right-Sized

Focused and Committed

Working at a Sustainable Pace

Long-Lived

Closing

Chapter 12 Scrum Team Structures

Overview

Feature Teams versus Component Teams

Multiple-Team Coordination

Scrum of Scrums

Release Train

Closing

Chapter 13 Managers

Overview

Fashioning Teams

Define Boundaries

Provide a Clear Elevating Goal

Form Teams

Change Team Composition

Empower Teams

Nurturing Teams

Energize People

Develop Competence

Provide Functional-Area Leadership

Maintain Team Integrity

Aligning and Adapting the Environment

Promote Agile Values

Remove Organizational Impediments

Align Internal Groups

Align Partners

Managing Value-Creation Flow

Take a Systems Perspective

Manage Economics

Monitor Measures and Reports

Project Managers

Project Management Responsibilities on a Scrum Team

Retaining a Separate Project Manager Role

Closing

PART III Planning

Chapter 14 Scrum Planning Principles

Overview

Don’t Assume We Can Get the Plans Right Up Front

Up-Front Planning Should Be Helpful without Being Excessive

Keep Planning Options Open Until the Last Responsible Moment

Focus More on Adapting and Replanning Than on Conforming to a Plan

Correctly Manage the Planning Inventory

Favor Smaller and More Frequent Releases

Plan to Learn Fast and Pivot When Necessary

Closing

Chapter 15 Multilevel Planning

Overview

Portfolio Planning

Product Planning (Envisioning)

Vision

High-Level Product Backlog

Product Roadmap

Release Planning

Sprint Planning

Daily Planning

Closing

Chapter 16 Portfolio Planning

Overview

Timing

Participants

Process

Scheduling Strategies

Optimize for Lifecycle Profits

Calculate Cost of Delay

Estimate for Accuracy, Not Precision

Inflow Strategies

Apply the Economic Filter

Balance the Arrival Rate with the Departure Rate

Quickly Embrace Emergent Opportunities

Plan for Smaller, More Frequent Releases

Outflow Strategies

Focus on Idle Work, Not Idle Workers

Establish a WIP Limit

Wait for a Complete Team

In-Process Strategies

Use Marginal Economics

Closing

Chapter 17 Envisioning (Product Planning)

Overview

Timing

Participants

Process

SR4U Example

Visioning

High-Level Product Backlog Creation

Product Roadmap Definition

Other Activities

Economically Sensible Envisioning

Target a Realistic Confidence Threshold

Focus on a Short Horizon

Act Quickly

Pay for Validated Learning

Use Incremental/Provisional Funding

Learn Fast and Pivot (aka Fail Fast)

Closing

Chapter 18 Release Planning (Longer-Term Planning)

Overview

Timing

Participants

Process

Release Constraints

Fixed Everything

Fixed Scope and Date

Fixed Scope

Fixed Date

Variable Quality

Updating Constraints

Grooming the Product Backlog

Refine Minimum Releasable Features (MRFs)

Sprint Mapping (PBI Slotting)

Fixed-Date Release Planning

Fixed-Scope Release Planning

Calculating Cost

Communicating

Communicating Progress on a Fixed-Scope Release

Communicating Progress on a Fixed-Date Release

Closing

PART IV Sprinting

Chapter 19 Sprint Planning

Overview

Timing

Participants

Process

Approaches to Sprint Planning

Two-Part Sprint Planning

One-Part Sprint Planning

Determining Capacity

What Is Capacity?

Capacity in Story Points

Capacity in Effort-Hours

Selecting Product Backlog Items

Acquiring Confidence

Refine the Sprint Goal

Finalize the Commitment

Closing

Chapter 20 Sprint Execution

Overview

Timing

Participants

Process

Sprint Execution Planning

Flow Management

Parallel Work and Swarming

Which Work to Start

How to Organize Task Work

What Work Needs to Be Done?

Who Does the Work?

Daily Scrum

Task Performance—Technical Practices

Communicating

Task Board

Sprint Burndown Chart

Sprint Burnup Chart

Closing

Chapter 21 Sprint Review

Overview

Participants

Prework

Determine Whom to Invite

Schedule the Activity

Confirm That the Sprint Work Is Done

Prepare for the Demonstration

Determine Who Does What

Approach

Summarize

Demonstrate

Discuss

Adapt

Sprint Review Issues

Sign-offs

Sporadic Attendance

Large Development Efforts

Closing

Chapter 22 Sprint Retrospective

Overview

Participants

Prework

Define the Retrospective Focus

Select the Exercises

Gather Objective Data

Structure the Retrospective

Approach

Set the Atmosphere

Share Context

Identify Insights

Determine Actions

Close the Retrospective

Follow Through

Sprint Retrospective Issues

Closing

Chapter 23 The Path Forward

There Is No End State

Discover Your Own Path

Sharing Best Practices

Using Scrum to Discover the Path Forward

Get Going!

Glossary

References

Index

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