DIGITAL INTEGRATED CIRCUITS

INTRODUCTION

DIGITAL ICs ARE 2-STATE DEVICES. ONE STATE IS NEAR 0 VOLTS OR GROUND (LOW OR L) AND THE OTHER IS NEAR THE IC’s SUPPLY VOLTAGE (HIGH OR H). SUBSTITUTE 0 FOR L AND 1 FOR H AND DIGITAL ICs CAN PROCESS INDIVIDUAL BINARY DIGITS (BITS) OR MULTIPLE BIT WORDS. A 4-BIT WORD IS A NIBBLE AND AN 8-BIT WORD IS A BYTE.

THE BINARY SYSTEM

IT’S VERY HELPFUL TO KNOW THE FIRST 16 BINARY NUMBERS. IF 0=L AND 1 = H, THEY ARE:

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NOTE THAT LLLL (0) IS AS MUCH A NUMBER AS ANY OTHER NUMBER.

LOGIC GATES

LOGIC CIRCUITS ARE MADE BY INTER-CONNECTING TWO OR MORE OF THESE BASIC LOGIC GATES:

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3-STATE LOGIC

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