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by Themis Matsoukas
Fundamentals of Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics
Title Page
Copyright Page
Dedication Page
Contents
Preface
Acknowledgments
About the Author
Nomenclature
Part I. Pure Fluids
Chapter 1. Scope and Language of Thermodynamics
1.1 Molecular Basis of Thermodynamics
1.2 Statistical versus Classical Thermodynamics
1.3 Definitions
1.4 Units
1.5 Summary
1.6 Problems
Chapter 2. Phase Diagrams of Pure Fluids
2.1 The PVT Behavior of Pure Fluid
2.2 Tabulation of Properties
2.3 Compressibility Factor and the ZP Graph
2.4 Corresponding States
2.5 Virial Equation
2.6 Cubic Equations of State
2.7 PVT Behavior of Cubic Equations of State
2.8 Working with Cubic Equations
2.9 Other Equations of State
2.10 Thermal Expansion and Isothermal Compression
2.11 Empirical Equations for Density
2.12 Summary
2.13 Problems
Chapter 3. Energy and the First Law
3.1 Energy and Mechanical Work
3.2 Shaft Work and PV Work
3.3 Internal Energy and Heat
3.4 First Law for a Closed System
3.5 Elementary Paths
3.6 Sensible Heat—Heat Capacities
3.7 Heat of Vaporization
3.8 Ideal-Gas State
3.9 Energy Balances and Irreversible Processes
3.10 Summary
3.11 Problems
Chapter 4. Entropy and the Second Law
4.1 The Second Law in a Closed System
4.2 Calculation of Entropy
4.3 Energy Balances Using Entropy
4.4 Entropy Generation
4.5 Carnot Cycle
4.6 Alternative Statements of the Second Law
4.7 Ideal and Lost Work
4.8 Ambient Surroundings as a Default Bath—Exergy
4.9 Equilibrium and Stability
4.10 Molecular View of Entropy
4.11 Summary
4.12 Problems
Chapter 5. Calculation of Properties
5.1 Calculus of Thermodynamics
5.2 Integration of Differentials
5.3 Fundamental Relationships
5.4 Equations for Enthalpy and Entropy
5.5 Ideal-Gas State
5.6 Incompressible Phases
5.7 Residual Properties
5.8 Pressure-Explicit Relations
5.9 Application to Cubic Equations
5.10 Generalized Correlations
5.11 Reference States
5.12 Thermodynamic Charts
5.13 Summary
5.14 Problems
Chapter 6. Balances in Open Systems
6.1 Flow Streams
6.2 Mass Balance
6.3 Energy Balance in Open System
6.4 Entropy Balance
6.5 Ideal and Lost Work
6.6 Thermodynamics of Steady-State Processes
6.7 Power Generation
6.8 Refrigeration
6.9 Liquefaction
6.10 Unsteady-State Balances
6.11 Summary
6.12 Problems
Chapter 7. VLE of Pure Fluid
7.1 Two-Phase Systems
7.2 Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium
7.3 Fugacity
7.4 Calculation of Fugacity
7.5 Saturation Pressure from Equations of State
7.6 Phase Diagrams from Equations of State
7.7 Summary
7.8 Problems
Part II. Mixtures
Chapter 8. Phase Behavior of Mixtures
8.1 The Txy Graph
8.2 The Pxy Graph
8.3 Azeotropes
8.4 The xy Graph
8.5 VLE at Elevated Pressures and Temperatures
8.6 Partially Miscible Liquids
8.7 Ternary Systems
8.8 Summary
8.9 Problems
Chapter 9. Properties of Mixtures
9.1 Composition
9.2 Mathematical Treatment of Mixtures
9.3 Properties of Mixing
9.4 Mixing and Separation
9.5 Mixtures in the Ideal-Gas State
9.6 Equations of State for Mixtures
9.7 Mixture Properties from Equations of State
9.8 Summary
9.9 Problems
Chapter 10. Theory of Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium
10.1 Gibbs Free Energy of Mixture
10.2 Chemical Potential
10.3 Fugacity in a Mixture
10.4 Fugacity from Equations of State
10.5 VLE of Mixture Using Equations of State
10.6 Summary
10.7 Problems
Chapter 11. Ideal Solution
11.1 Ideality in Solution
11.2 Fugacity in Ideal Solution
11.3 VLE in Ideal Solution–Raoult’s Law
11.4 Energy Balances
11.5 Noncondensable Gases
11.6 Summary
11.7 Problems
Chapter 12. Nonideal Solutions
12.1 Excess Properties
12.2 Heat Effects of Mixing
12.3 Activity Coefficient
12.4 Activity Coefficient and Phase Equilibrium
12.5 Data Reduction: Fitting Experimental Activity Coefficients
12.6 Models for the Activity Coefficient
12.7 Summary
12.8 Problems
Chapter 13. Miscibility, Solubility, and Other Phase Equilibria
13.1 Equilibrium between Partially Miscible Liquids
13.2 Gibbs Free Energy and Phase Splitting
13.3 Liquid Miscibility and Temperature
13.4 Completely Immiscible Liquids
13.5 Solubility of Gases in Liquids
13.6 Solubility of Solids in Liquids
13.7 Osmotic Equilibrium
13.8 Summary
13.9 Problems
Chapter 14. Reactions
14.1 Stoichiometry
14.2 Standard Enthalpy of Reaction
14.3 Energy Balances in Reacting Systems
14.4 Activity
14.5 Equilibrium Constant
14.6 Composition at Equilibrium
14.7 Reaction and Phase Equilibrium
14.8 Reaction Equilibrium Involving Solids
14.9 Multiple Reactions
14.10 Summary
14.11 Problems
Bibliography
Appendix A. Critical Properties of Selected Compounds
Appendix B. Ideal-Gas Heat Capacities
Appendix C. Standard Enthalpy and Gibbs Free Energy of Reaction
Appendix D. UNIFAC Tables
Appendix E. Steam Tables
Index
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To my mother, Vana, TM
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