A note on the digital index
A link in an index entry is displayed as the section title in which that entry appears. Because some sections have multiple index markers, it is not unusual for an entry to have several links to the same section. Clicking on any link will take you directly to the place in the text in which the marker appears.
Symbols
- <, 2.14.1 Standard Error
- <<, 11.8 Temporary File Management
- >, 2.13 Getting Online Help
- >>, 2.13 Getting Online Help
- [, 11.4 Exit Codes
- $, A Hands-On Approach, Basic Commands and Directory Hierarchy, 2.8 Environment and Shell Variables, Adding Dot (.) to the Path
- $#, 11.3.1 Individual Arguments: $1, $2, ...
- $$, 11.3.3 All Arguments: $@
- $0, 11.3.3 All Arguments: $@
- $1, 11.3.1 Individual Arguments: $1, $2, ...
- $?, 11.3.3 All Arguments: $@
- (see also exit code)
- $@, 11.3.1 Individual Arguments: $1, $2, ...
- #, A Hands-On Approach
- #, 2.2.1 The Shell Window
- (see also root)
- #!, Introduction to Shell Scripts, 15.4 Lex and Yacc
- |, 2.5.1 grep, 2.13 Getting Online Help, 2.18.4 zcat
- /, 2.19 Linux Directory Hierarchy Essentials, How the Linux Kernel Boots, 5.1 Startup Messages, 5.5 GRUB Introduction
- *, 2.4.1 cd, 2.5.7 head and tail
- *, 11.2 Quoting and Literals
- (see also regular expressions)
A
- abstraction, The Big Picture
- administrator, 1.4 User Space (see root)
- alias, Adding Dot (.) to the Path
- ALSA, 3.4.7 Audio Devices: /dev/snd/*, /dev/dsp, /dev/audio, and More
- Apache, 17.1 Web Servers and Applications
- Apple partition, 4.2 Filesystems
- application layer, 9.1.1 Packets, Network Applications and Services
- archive, 2.18 Archiving and Compressing Files, Table-of-Contents Mode, Table-of-Contents Mode, Introduction to Compiling Software From C Source Code
- table of contents, Table-of-Contents Mode
- testing, Table-of-Contents Mode, Introduction to Compiling Software From C Source Code
- ARP, 9.22 Ethernet, IP, and ARP
- at, 7.6.2 System Crontab Files
- ATA, 3.6.1 USB Storage and SCSI
- autoconf, 16.2.1 Where to Start
- autotools, GNU, Introduction to Compiling Software From C Source Code
- autotools, 16.6.1 Specific Errors
- (see also autoconf)
- Avahi, 9.12.3 Caching and Zero-Configuration DNS, 10.5.1 lsof
- awk, 11.10.1 basename
B
- basename, 11.8 Temporary File Management
- bash, Basic Commands and Directory Hierarchy, 13.4.1 The bash Shell
- (see also Bourne Shell)
- startup file, 13.4.1 The bash Shell
- bg, 2.16.2 Killing Processes
- /bin, 2.19 Linux Directory Hierarchy Essentials
- /bin/bash, Basic Commands and Directory Hierarchy (see bash)
- /bin/sh, Basic Commands and Directory Hierarchy (see Bourne Shell)
- BIOS, 5.4 Boot Loaders, 5.8.1 MBR Boot
- boot partition, 5.8.1 MBR Boot
- bison, 15.4 Lex and Yacc
- blkid, 4.2.3 Mounting a Filesystem
- block bitmap, 4.5.1 Viewing Inode Details
- blockdev, 4.1.2 Changing Partition Tables
- block device, 3.1 Device Files, 3.4.7 Audio Devices: /dev/snd/*, /dev/dsp, /dev/audio, and More, 3.6 In-Depth: SCSI and the Linux Kernel, 3.6.3 Generic SCSI Devices, Disks and Filesystems, 4.1.2 Changing Partition Tables
- /boot, 2.19 Linux Directory Hierarchy Essentials, File Navigation
- boot, How the Linux Kernel Boots, How the Linux Kernel Boots, How the Linux Kernel Boots, 5.4 Boot Loaders, 5.4 Boot Loaders, Listing Devices, File Navigation, Installing GRUB on an External Storage Device, Installing GRUB on an External Storage Device, 5.7 Chainloading Other Operating Systems, 5.7 Chainloading Other Operating Systems, 9.9 Boot-Activated Network Configuration
- (see also init)
- loader, How the Linux Kernel Boots, 5.4 Boot Loaders, 5.4 Boot Loaders, Listing Devices, File Navigation, Installing GRUB on an External Storage Device, Installing GRUB on an External Storage Device, 5.7 Chainloading Other Operating Systems, 5.7 Chainloading Other Operating Systems
- chainloading, Installing GRUB on an External Storage Device
- filesystem access, 5.4 Boot Loaders, Listing Devices
- GRUB, File Navigation
- internals, 5.7 Chainloading Other Operating Systems
- multi-stage, 5.7 Chainloading Other Operating Systems
- for systems other than Linux, Installing GRUB on an External Storage Device
- messages, How the Linux Kernel Boots
- network configuration, 9.9 Boot-Activated Network Configuration
- Bourne Shell, Basic Commands and Directory Hierarchy, Basic Commands and Directory Hierarchy, Basic Commands and Directory Hierarchy, Basic Commands and Directory Hierarchy
- basic use, Basic Commands and Directory Hierarchy
- Bourne-again, Basic Commands and Directory Hierarchy
- script, Basic Commands and Directory Hierarchy (see shell script)
- building software, Introduction to Compiling Software From C Source Code, 16.6 Troubleshooting Compiles and Installations
- bunzip2, 2.18.4 zcat
- bus error, Not a directory, Is a directory
- BusyBox, 17.5 Embedded Systems
- bzip2, 2.18.4 zcat
C
- C, 15.1 The C Compiler, Fixing Include File Problems, 15.2.3 Final Program Build, 15.2.5 Command-Line Arguments and Options, 16.3.4 Environment Variables, 16.6 Troubleshooting Compiles and Installations, 16.6.1 Specific Errors
- case, 11.5.6 Matching Strings with case
- cat, 2.2.1 The Shell Window
- cd, 2.3.5 rm
- chainloading, Installing GRUB on an External Storage Device
- character device, 3.1 Device Files, 3.4.7 Audio Devices: /dev/snd/*, /dev/dsp, /dev/audio, and More
- child process, 8.3.1 strace
- Chrome OS, 14.6.1 CUPS
- chsh, Basic Commands and Directory Hierarchy, 2.5.7 head and tail, 7.10 PAM
- chvt, Display Modes and Virtual Consoles, 14.2 A Closer Look at the X Window System
- CIDR, 9.3.3 Common Subnet Masks and CIDR Notation
- clang, 15.1 The C Compiler
- CLASSPATH, 15.5.3 Other Scripting Languages
- clobber, 2.13 Getting Online Help
- cloud computing, 17.3 Virtualization
- CMake, 16.2 Unpacking C Source Packages, 16.6.1 Specific Errors
- command-line editing, 2.10 Special Characters
- command substitution, 11.6.2 while Loops
- compiling, 15.1 The C Compiler
- compositing window manager, xset
- compressing files, 2.18 Archiving and Compressing Files, 12.2.5 Transfer Integrity, Safeguards, and Verbose Modes
- concatenating files, 2.2.1 The Shell Window
- configuration file, 2.19 Linux Directory Hierarchy Essentials, System Configuration: Logging, System Time, Batch Jobs, and Users
- configure, 16.2.1 Where to Start
- context switch, 1.3 The Kernel
- control group, 6.4.5 Adding Units to systemd
- controlling terminal, 3.4.1 Hard Disks: /dev/sd*
- coreboot, 5.4.1 Boot Loader Tasks
- coreutils, 16.2.1 Where to Start, Installing pkg-config Files in Nonstandard Locations
- cp, 2.3.1 ls
- cpio, 6.8 The Initial RAM Filesystem
- cpp, Fixing Include File Problems, 15.2.5 Command-Line Arguments and Options, 16.3.4 Environment Variables, 16.6.1 Specific Errors
- CPU, The Big Picture, 1.3.1 Process Management, A Closer Look at Processes and Resource Utilization, 8.3.2 ltrace, 8.4.2 Viewing Threads, Major Page Faults
- CPU time, 2.16.2 Killing Processes
- cron, 7.5.2 Network Time
- csh, Checking for Login and Interactive Shells
- CTRL-C, 2.2.3 Standard Input and Standard Output
- CTRL-D, 2.2.1 The Shell Window
- CUPS, 14.5.2 Monitoring D-Bus Messages
- curl, Network Applications and Services
- current working directory, 2.3.5 rm, 2.5.1 grep, 8.1 Tracking Processes
- cylinder, 4.1.3 Disk and Partition Geometry
D
- daemon, System Configuration: Logging, System Time, Batch Jobs, and Users
- database, 17.1 Web Servers and Applications
- date, 7.3.5 Working with Groups
- D-Bus (Desktop Bus), 3.5.4 Monitoring Devices, 6.4.6 systemd Process Tracking and Synchronization, 9.10 Problems with Manual and Boot-Activated Network Configuration, 14.1.1 Window Managers, xset, 14.5 D-Bus, 14.5 D-Bus
- instance, 14.5 D-Bus
- monitoring, 14.5 D-Bus
- dd, 3.2 The sysfs Device Path, 4.2.11 Checking and Repairing Filesystems
- debugfs, The Worst Case
- debugger, 15.2.8 Organizing a Makefile
- default gateway, 9.4 Routes and the Kernel Routing Table, 9.8 Introduction to Network Interface Configuration
- demand paging, 8.9.1 How Memory Works
- desktop, A Brief Survey of the Linux Desktop, 14.1.1 Window Managers, Input Devices (General)
- background, Input Devices (General)
- environment, 14.1.1 Window Managers
- Desktop Bus, 3.5.4 Monitoring Devices (see D–Bus)
- /dev, 2.19 Linux Directory Hierarchy Essentials, 3.1 Device Files
- device, 1.2 Hardware: Understanding Main Memory, 1.3.3 Device Drivers and Management, 2.19 Linux Directory Hierarchy Essentials, 2.19 Linux Directory Hierarchy Essentials, Devices, 3.1 Device Files, 3.1 Device Files, 3.1 Device Files, 3.1 Device Files, 3.1 Device Files, 3.1 Device Files, 3.1 Device Files, 3.1 Device Files, 3.1 Device Files, 3.1 Device Files, 3.1 Device Files, 3.1 Device Files, 3.2 The sysfs Device Path, 3.2 The sysfs Device Path, 3.4 Device Name Summary, 3.4.1 Hard Disks: /dev/sd*, 3.4.1 Hard Disks: /dev/sd*, Display Modes and Virtual Consoles, Display Modes and Virtual Consoles, 3.4.7 Audio Devices: /dev/snd/*, /dev/dsp, /dev/audio, and More, 3.4.7 Audio Devices: /dev/snd/*, /dev/dsp, /dev/audio, and More, 3.4.7 Audio Devices: /dev/snd/*, /dev/dsp, /dev/audio, and More, 3.4.7 Audio Devices: /dev/snd/*, /dev/dsp, /dev/audio, and More, 3.4.7 Audio Devices: /dev/snd/*, /dev/dsp, /dev/audio, and More, 3.4.7 Audio Devices: /dev/snd/*, /dev/dsp, /dev/audio, and More, 3.4.7 Audio Devices: /dev/snd/*, /dev/dsp, /dev/audio, and More, 3.4.7 Audio Devices: /dev/snd/*, /dev/dsp, /dev/audio, and More, 3.5.2 udevd Operation and Configuration, 3.5.2 udevd Operation and Configuration, 3.6 In-Depth: SCSI and the Linux Kernel, 3.6.3 Generic SCSI Devices, 3.6.3 Generic SCSI Devices, Disks and Filesystems, 4.1.2 Changing Partition Tables, 4.2 Filesystems, 4.2.8 The /etc/fstab Filesystem Table, 4.2.8 The /etc/fstab Filesystem Table, How the Linux Kernel Boots, 10.9 Sockets: How Processes Communicate with the Network
- audio, 3.4.7 Audio Devices: /dev/snd/*, /dev/dsp, /dev/audio, and More
- block, 3.1 Device Files, 3.4.7 Audio Devices: /dev/snd/*, /dev/dsp, /dev/audio, and More, 3.6 In-Depth: SCSI and the Linux Kernel, 3.6.3 Generic SCSI Devices, Disks and Filesystems, 4.1.2 Changing Partition Tables
- character, 3.1 Device Files, 3.4.7 Audio Devices: /dev/snd/*, /dev/dsp, /dev/audio, and More
- copy, 3.2 The sysfs Device Path
- creating file, 3.4.7 Audio Devices: /dev/snd/*, /dev/dsp, /dev/audio, and More
- disk, 3.1 Device Files
- driver, 1.2 Hardware: Understanding Main Memory, 1.3.3 Device Drivers and Management, How the Linux Kernel Boots
- file, 2.19 Linux Directory Hierarchy Essentials, 3.1 Device Files, 3.4.7 Audio Devices: /dev/snd/*, /dev/dsp, /dev/audio, and More, 4.2.8 The /etc/fstab Filesystem Table
- finding, 3.2 The sysfs Device Path
- information, 3.1 Device Files, 3.5.2 udevd Operation and Configuration
- initialization, 3.4.7 Audio Devices: /dev/snd/*, /dev/dsp, /dev/audio, and More
- major and minor numbers, 3.1 Device Files
- monitor, 3.5.2 udevd Operation and Configuration
- name, 3.1 Device Files
- network, 3.1 Device Files
- node, 2.19 Linux Directory Hierarchy Essentials, 3.1 Device Files, 3.4.7 Audio Devices: /dev/snd/*, /dev/dsp, /dev/audio, and More, 4.2.8 The /etc/fstab Filesystem Table
- optical, 3.4.1 Hard Disks: /dev/sd*, 3.6.3 Generic SCSI Devices, 4.2 Filesystems
- parallel, Display Modes and Virtual Consoles
- pipe, 3.1 Device Files, 3.4.7 Audio Devices: /dev/snd/*, /dev/dsp, /dev/audio, and More
- SCSI, 3.4 Device Name Summary (see SCSI)
- serial, Display Modes and Virtual Consoles
- socket, 3.1 Device Files, 10.9 Sockets: How Processes Communicate with the Network
- terminal, 3.4.1 Hard Disks: /dev/sd*
- types, 3.1 Device Files
- /dev/hd*, 3.4.1 Hard Disks: /dev/sd*
- /dev/lp*, Display Modes and Virtual Consoles
- /dev/null, 3.1 Device Files
- /dev/parport*, Display Modes and Virtual Consoles
- /dev/pts, 3.4.1 Hard Disks: /dev/sd*
- /dev/sd*, 3.4 Device Name Summary
- /dev/sg*, 3.4.1 Hard Disks: /dev/sd*, 3.6.3 Generic SCSI Devices
- /dev/snd, 3.4.7 Audio Devices: /dev/snd/*, /dev/dsp, /dev/audio, and More
- /dev/sr*, 3.4.1 Hard Disks: /dev/sd*, 3.6.3 Generic SCSI Devices
- devtmpfs, 3.4.7 Audio Devices: /dev/snd/*, /dev/dsp, /dev/audio, and More
- /dev/tty*, 3.4.1 Hard Disks: /dev/sd*
- /dev/zero, 3.2 The sysfs Device Path
- df, 4.2.9 Alternatives to /etc/fstab
- DHCP, 9.15 Revisiting a Simple Local Network
- diff, 2.5.3 pwd, 11.4 Exit Codes, 16.5 Applying a Patch
- directory, 2.2.3 Standard Input and Standard Output, 2.3.5 rm, 2.3.5 rm, 2.3.5 rm, 2.3.5 rm, 2.3.5 rm, 2.4.1 cd, 2.4.1 cd, 2.4.1 cd, 2.5.1 grep, Not a directory, Is a directory, 2.16.4 Background Processes, 2.17.1 Modifying Permissions, 2.19 Linux Directory Hierarchy Essentials, 2.19 Linux Directory Hierarchy Essentials, 2.19 Linux Directory Hierarchy Essentials, 4.5 Inside a Traditional Filesystem, 4.5 Inside a Traditional Filesystem, How the Linux Kernel Boots, 5.1 Startup Messages, 5.5 GRUB Introduction, 7.3.1 The /etc/passwd File, 8.1 Tracking Processes
- change, 2.3.5 rm
- create, 2.4.1 cd
- current, 2.3.5 rm, 2.5.1 grep, 8.1 Tracking Processes
- errors, Not a directory, Is a directory
- hierarchy, 2.3.5 rm, 2.19 Linux Directory Hierarchy Essentials
- home, 2.4.1 cd, 2.19 Linux Directory Hierarchy Essentials, 7.3.1 The /etc/passwd File
- internal structure, 4.5 Inside a Traditional Filesystem
- listing contents, 2.2.3 Standard Input and Standard Output
- parent, 2.3.5 rm, 4.5 Inside a Traditional Filesystem
- permissions, 2.17.1 Modifying Permissions
- remove, 2.4.1 cd
- root, 2.19 Linux Directory Hierarchy Essentials, How the Linux Kernel Boots, 5.1 Startup Messages, 5.5 GRUB Introduction
- disk, 3.1 Device Files, 3.2 The sysfs Device Path, 3.2 The sysfs Device Path, 3.4 Device Name Summary, 3.4 Device Name Summary, 3.4 Device Name Summary, 3.4 Device Name Summary, 3.4.1 Hard Disks: /dev/sd*, 3.5.2 udevd Operation and Configuration, 3.6 In-Depth: SCSI and the Linux Kernel, 3.6.1 USB Storage and SCSI, Disks and Filesystems, Disks and Filesystems, Disks and Filesystems, 4.1 Partitioning Disk Devices, 4.1.1 Viewing a Partition Table, 4.1.2 Changing Partition Tables, 4.1.3 Disk and Partition Geometry, 4.1.3 Disk and Partition Geometry, 4.2.1 Filesystem Types, 4.2.4 Filesystem UUID, 4.2.4 Filesystem UUID, 4.2.8 The /etc/fstab Filesystem Table, 4.2.9 Alternatives to /etc/fstab, 4.3 swap space, 4.5.2 Working with Filesystems in User Space, Major Page Faults, 8.11.2 Per-Process I/O Utilization and Monitoring: iotop, 8.12 Per-Process Monitoring with pidstat
- addressing, 4.1.3 Disk and Partition Geometry
- buffer, 4.2.4 Filesystem UUID
- cache, 4.2.4 Filesystem UUID
- capacity, 4.1.1 Viewing a Partition Table
- copy, 3.2 The sysfs Device Path
- device, 3.4 Device Name Summary, Disks and Filesystems
- device file, 3.1 Device Files
- format, 4.1 Partitioning Disk Devices, 4.2.1 Filesystem Types
- geometry, 4.1.2 Changing Partition Tables
- monitoring usage, Major Page Faults
- partition, 3.4 Device Name Summary (see partition)
- PATA, 3.4.1 Hard Disks: /dev/sd*
- quota, 8.12 Per-Process Monitoring with pidstat
- raw access, 3.2 The sysfs Device Path, Disks and Filesystems
- SATA, 3.4 Device Name Summary, 3.5.2 udevd Operation and Configuration, 3.6.1 USB Storage and SCSI
- scheduling priority, 8.11.2 Per-Process I/O Utilization and Monitoring: iotop
- schematic, Disks and Filesystems
- SCSI, 3.4 Device Name Summary, 3.6 In-Depth: SCSI and the Linux Kernel
- solid-state, 4.1.3 Disk and Partition Geometry, 4.5.2 Working with Filesystems in User Space
- swap, 4.2.8 The /etc/fstab Filesystem Table, 4.3 swap space
- usage, 4.2.9 Alternatives to /etc/fstab
- display, 3.4.1 Hard Disks: /dev/sd*, 14.2 A Closer Look at the X Window System, 14.2 A Closer Look at the X Window System
- dmesg, 3.3 dd and Devices, How the Linux Kernel Boots
- dmesg, Troubleshooting
- (see also kernel: log)
- DNS (Domain Name Service), 9.5.1 ping, Unmanaged Interfaces
- documentation, 2.12 Text Editors
- Domain Name Service (DNS), 9.5.1 ping, Unmanaged Interfaces
- dot file, 2.5.7 head and tail, User Environments
- DPMS, xset
- du, 4.2.9 Alternatives to /etc/fstab
E
- e2fsck., 4.2.8 The /etc/fstab Filesystem Table, 4.2.11 Checking and Repairing Filesystems
- echo, 2.2.1 The Shell Window, 2.3.5 rm
- EDITOR, 13.5 Default User Settings
- effective user ID (euid), 7.8 Understanding User IDs and User Switching
- EFI, 5.4 Boot Loaders, 5.5.3 GRUB Installation, Installing GRUB on an External Storage Device, 5.8.1 MBR Boot
- ESP, 5.8.1 MBR Boot
- secure boot, Installing GRUB on an External Storage Device
- efilinux, 5.4.1 Boot Loader Tasks
- egrep, 2.4.4 Shell Globbing (Wildcards)
- elapsed time, 8.4.2 Viewing Threads
- Emacs, 2.10 Special Characters
- embedded system, 17.3 Virtualization
- encryption, 7.10.3 PAM and Passwords, 10.2 Network Servers
- environment variable, 2.5.7 head and tail, 11.10.4 xargs
- error message, 2.13 Getting Online Help, 8.3.1 strace
- ESP, 5.8.1 MBR Boot
- (see also EFI)
- /etc, 2.19 Linux Directory Hierarchy Essentials, System Configuration: Logging, System Time, Batch Jobs, and Users
- /etc/fstab, 3.4 Device Name Summary, 4.2.4 Filesystem UUID, Long Options
- /etc/hosts, 9.12 Resolving Hostnames
- /etc/init.d, 6.6.2 The System V init Link Farm
- /etc/inittab, 6.5.6 Upstart Runlevels and System V Compatibility
- /etc/ld.so.cache, Listing Shared Library Dependencies
- /etc/ld.so.conf, Listing Shared Library Dependencies
- /etc/localtime, 7.5 Setting the Time
- /etc/login.defs, 7.10.3 PAM and Passwords
- /etc/mtab, 4.2.6 Filesystem Mount Options
- /etc/nologin, 6.7 Shutting Down Your System
- /etc/nsswitch.conf, 9.12 Resolving Hostnames, 17.1 Web Servers and Applications
- /etc/passwd, 2.13 Getting Online Help, Troubleshooting, Security Implications, 17.1 Web Servers and Applications
- /etc/profile, 13.4.1 The bash Shell
- /etc/rc.d, 6.6 System V init
- /etc/resolv.conf, 9.12 Resolving Hostnames
- /etc/services, 9.14.2 Establishing TCP Connections
- /etc/shadow, 7.3.1 The /etc/passwd File
- /etc/shells, 7.3.1 The /etc/passwd File, 7.10 PAM
- Ethernet, 9.5.3 DNS and host, 9.22 Ethernet, IP, and ARP, 9.22 Ethernet, IP, and ARP
- wireless, 9.22 Ethernet, IP, and ARP
- euid (effective user ID), 7.8 Understanding User IDs and User Switching
- exec(), 1.3.3 Device Drivers and Management, 8.2.2 Using lsof, 11.10.4 xargs
- executable, 2.17 File Modes and Permissions, 2.19 Linux Directory Hierarchy Essentials, 4.2.6 Filesystem Mount Options, 15.1 The C Compiler, 15.4 Lex and Yacc
- exit code, 11.3.3 All Arguments: $@
- export, 2.8 Environment and Shell Variables
F
- fdisk, 4.1 Partitioning Disk Devices
- fg, 2.16.2 Killing Processes
- files, 1.4 User Space, 2.2.3 Standard Input and Standard Output, 2.2.3 Standard Input and Standard Output, 2.2.3 Standard Input and Standard Output, 2.2.3 Standard Input and Standard Output, 2.3.1 ls, 2.3.1 ls, 2.3.1 ls, 2.3.1 ls, 2.3.5 rm, 2.4.4 Shell Globbing (Wildcards), 2.5.3 pwd, 2.5.3 pwd, 2.5.3 pwd, 2.5.3 pwd, 2.5.7 head and tail, 2.13 Getting Online Help, 2.14.1 Standard Error, 2.15.1 Anatomy of a UNIX Error Message, Not a directory, Is a directory, 2.16.4 Background Processes, 2.16.4 Background Processes, 2.16.4 Background Processes, 2.16.4 Background Processes, 2.17.2 Symbolic Links, 2.18 Archiving and Compressing Files, 2.19 Linux Directory Hierarchy Essentials, 3.1 Device Files, 3.4.7 Audio Devices: /dev/snd/*, /dev/dsp, /dev/audio, and More, 4.2.8 The /etc/fstab Filesystem Table, 4.4 Looking Forward: Disks and User Space, 4.5 Inside a Traditional Filesystem, 4.5 Inside a Traditional Filesystem, 8.1 Tracking Processes, 8.1 Tracking Processes, 11.5.5 Testing Conditions, File Tests, 12.2.5 Transfer Integrity, Safeguards, and Verbose Modes, 12.2.9 Further rsync Topics, User Environments
- comparing with another file, 2.5.3 pwd
- compressing, 2.18 Archiving and Compressing Files, 12.2.5 Transfer Integrity, Safeguards, and Verbose Modes
- copying, 2.3.1 ls
- creating empty, 2.3.1 ls
- deleting, 2.3.5 rm, 4.5 Inside a Traditional Filesystem
- descriptor, 8.1 Tracking Processes
- details, 2.2.3 Standard Input and Standard Output
- device, 2.19 Linux Directory Hierarchy Essentials, 3.1 Device Files, 3.4.7 Audio Devices: /dev/snd/*, /dev/dsp, /dev/audio, and More, 4.2.8 The /etc/fstab Filesystem Table
- dot, 2.5.7 head and tail, User Environments
- errors, 2.15.1 Anatomy of a UNIX Error Message
- find, 2.5.3 pwd
- find text in, 2.4.4 Shell Globbing (Wildcards)
- format, 2.5.3 pwd
- group, 2.2.3 Standard Input and Standard Output, 2.16.4 Background Processes
- identify, 11.5.5 Testing Conditions
- link, 2.17.2 Symbolic Links, 4.4 Looking Forward: Disks and User Space, File Tests
- link count, 4.5 Inside a Traditional Filesystem
- listing, 2.2.3 Standard Input and Standard Output
- mode, 2.16.4 Background Processes
- move, 2.3.1 ls
- open, 8.1 Tracking Processes
- owner, 2.2.3 Standard Input and Standard Output, 2.16.4 Background Processes
- permissions, Not a directory, Is a directory (see permissions)
- redirecting, 2.13 Getting Online Help, 2.14.1 Standard Error
- command input from, 2.14.1 Standard Error
- command output to, 2.13 Getting Online Help
- regular, 2.16.4 Background Processes
- rename, 2.3.1 ls
- sharing, 1.4 User Space, 12.2.9 Further rsync Topics
- across a network, 12.2.9 Further rsync Topics
- with other users, 1.4 User Space
- socket, 3.1 Device Files, 10.9 Sockets: How Processes Communicate with the Network
- swap, 4.3 swap space
- temporary, 11.7 Command Substitution
- test, 11.5.5 Testing Conditions
- transfering, 2.3.1 ls, 2.16.4 Background Processes, 2.17.1 Modifying Permissions, 3.1 Device Files, 8.2.1 Reading the lsof Output, Starting the SSH Server, Moving Files Across the Network, Moving Files Across the Network, 12.1 Quick Copy
- with Python, Moving Files Across the Network
- rsync, 12.1 Quick Copy
- SSH, Starting the SSH Server
- type, 2.16.4 Background Processes, 2.17.1 Modifying Permissions, 3.1 Device Files, 8.2.1 Reading the lsof Output
- updating timestamp, 2.3.1 ls
- filesystem, 2.19 Linux Directory Hierarchy Essentials, 2.19 Linux Directory Hierarchy Essentials, 3.4 Device Name Summary, Disks and Filesystems, 4.1 Partitioning Disk Devices, 4.1.3 Disk and Partition Geometry, 4.2 Filesystems, 4.2 Filesystems, 4.2 Filesystems, 4.2 Filesystems, 4.2 Filesystems, 4.2 Filesystems, 4.2 Filesystems, 4.2.1 Filesystem Types, 4.2.1 Filesystem Types, 4.2.1 Filesystem Types, 4.2.2 Creating a Filesystem, 4.2.2 Creating a Filesystem, 4.2.3 Mounting a Filesystem, 4.2.4 Filesystem UUID, 4.2.6 Filesystem Mount Options, 4.2.6 Filesystem Mount Options, Long Options, Long Options, Long Options, 4.2.9 Alternatives to /etc/fstab, 4.2.9 Alternatives to /etc/fstab, 4.2.11 Checking and Repairing Filesystems, 4.2.11 Checking and Repairing Filesystems, 4.2.11 Checking and Repairing Filesystems, 4.2.11 Checking and Repairing Filesystems, The Worst Case, The Worst Case, 4.4 Looking Forward: Disks and User Space, 4.5.1 Viewing Inode Details, 4.5.2 Working with Filesystems in User Space, 5.2 Kernel Initialization and Boot Options, 5.2 Kernel Initialization and Boot Options, 5.5 GRUB Introduction, 6.3 Identifying Your init, 6.4.9 systemd Auxiliary Programs, 12.4.10 Accessing Files as a Client, 12.4.10 Accessing Files as a Client
- Btrfs, 4.2.1 Filesystem Types, 4.5.2 Working with Filesystems in User Space
- capacity, 4.2.9 Alternatives to /etc/fstab
- check, 4.2.11 Checking and Repairing Filesystems
- CIFS, 12.4.10 Accessing Files as a Client
- creating, 4.1 Partitioning Disk Devices, 4.2.1 Filesystem Types
- currently attached, 4.2.2 Creating a Filesystem
- ext2/ext3/ext4, 4.2 Filesystems, 4.2.11 Checking and Repairing Filesystems
- FAT, 4.2 Filesystems
- HFS+, 4.2 Filesystems
- hierarchy, 2.19 Linux Directory Hierarchy Essentials
- internal structure, 4.2.1 Filesystem Types, 4.4 Looking Forward: Disks and User Space
- ISO 9660, 4.2 Filesystems, 4.2.6 Filesystem Mount Options
- journal, 4.2 Filesystems, 4.2.11 Checking and Repairing Filesystems
- mount, 4.2.2 Creating a Filesystem, 4.2.4 Filesystem UUID, 6.3 Identifying Your init, 6.4.9 systemd Auxiliary Programs
- options, 4.2.4 Filesystem UUID
- NFS, 12.4.10 Accessing Files as a Client
- proc, 2.19 Linux Directory Hierarchy Essentials, Long Options, The Worst Case
- read-only, 4.2.6 Filesystem Mount Options, 5.2 Kernel Initialization and Boot Options
- remount, Long Options
- repair, 4.2.11 Checking and Repairing Filesystems
- tmpfs, The Worst Case
- type, 4.2 Filesystems
- usage, 4.2.9 Alternatives to /etc/fstab
- user space, 4.2 Filesystems, 4.5.1 Viewing Inode Details
- interface, 4.5.1 Viewing Inode Details
- UUID, 3.4 Device Name Summary, 4.2.3 Mounting a Filesystem, Long Options, 5.2 Kernel Initialization and Boot Options, 5.5 GRUB Introduction
- find, 2.5.3 pwd, 11.10.3 sed
- finding command, 2.12 Text Editors
- firewall, 9.20 Routers and Linux, 9.21.1 Linux Firewall Basics, 9.21.2 Setting Firewall Rules
- rule, 9.21.1 Linux Firewall Basics
- strategy, 9.21.2 Setting Firewall Rules
- flex, 15.4 Lex and Yacc
- for, 11.5.6 Matching Strings with case
- fork(), 1.3.3 Device Drivers and Management, 6.4.5 Adding Units to systemd, A Service Job: tty1, 8.2.2 Using lsof, 8.3.2 ltrace, 10.1.1 A Closer Look
- frame, 9.5.3 DNS and host
- free, 4.3 swap space
- fsck, 4.2.8 The /etc/fstab Filesystem Table, 4.2.11 Checking and Repairing Filesystems
- FTP, SSH File Transfer Clients, 10.7.1 Typical Vulnerabilities
G
- gateway, 9.2 Network Layers, 9.4 Routes and the Kernel Routing Table
- gcc, 15.1 The C Compiler
- gdb, 15.2.8 Organizing a Makefile
- gdisk, 4.1 Partitioning Disk Devices
- GECOS, 7.3.1 The /etc/passwd File
- geteuid(), Security Implications
- getty, Display Modes and Virtual Consoles, Enabling Units and the [Install] Section, A Service Job: tty1, 6.6 System V init, 7.3.5 Working with Groups
- Ghostscript, 14.6.1 CUPS
- glob, 2.4.1 cd, 2.5.7 head and tail
- glob, 11.2 Quoting and Literals
- (see also regular expression)
- GNU autotools, Introduction to Compiling Software From C Source Code
- GNU autotools, 16.6.1 Specific Errors
- (see also autoconf)
- gparted, Disks and Filesystems
- GPT, Disks and Filesystems, Listing Devices
- grep, 2.4.4 Shell Globbing (Wildcards), 11.4 Exit Codes
- group, 1.5 Users, 2.16.4 Background Processes, 2.17 File Modes and Permissions, 7.3.1 The /etc/passwd File, Changing /etc/passwd as the Superuser
- listing, 2.17 File Modes and Permissions
- permissions, 2.16.4 Background Processes
- groups, 2.17 File Modes and Permissions
- GRUB, 5.4.1 Boot Loader Tasks, 5.4.1 Boot Loader Tasks, 5.4.1 Boot Loader Tasks, 5.5 GRUB Introduction, 5.5 GRUB Introduction, 5.5 GRUB Introduction, 5.5 GRUB Introduction, Listing Devices, File Navigation, File Navigation, 5.5.2 GRUB Configuration, Generating a New Configuration File, 5.5.3 GRUB Installation, 5.8.1 MBR Boot
- boot command, File Navigation
- command line, 5.5 GRUB Introduction
- configuration, 5.4.1 Boot Loader Tasks, File Navigation
- devices, 5.5 GRUB Introduction
- filesystem access, Listing Devices
- insmod, 5.5 GRUB Introduction
- install, Generating a New Configuration File
- internals, 5.8.1 MBR Boot
- menu, 5.4.1 Boot Loader Tasks, 5.5.2 GRUB Configuration
- on removable media, 5.5.3 GRUB Installation
- root, 5.5 GRUB Introduction
- grub-mkconfig, 5.5.2 GRUB Configuration
- GTK+, 14.1.1 Window Managers
- guest operating system, 17.2 Databases
- gunzip, 2.18 Archiving and Compressing Files
- gzip, 2.18 Archiving and Compressing Files
H
- halt, 6.7 Shutting Down Your System
- hard link, 2.17.2 Symbolic Links, 4.4 Looking Forward: Disks and User Space, File Tests
- hardware operation, 1.2 Hardware: Understanding Main Memory
- head, 2.5.7 head and tail, 4.1.3 Disk and Partition Geometry
- header file, 2.19 Linux Directory Hierarchy Essentials, 15.1.1 Multiple Source Files, 16.3.4 Environment Variables, 16.3.7 pkg-config, 16.6.1 Specific Errors
- locating, 16.6.1 Specific Errors
- help, 2.12 Text Editors
- here document, 11.8 Temporary File Management
- /home, 2.19 Linux Directory Hierarchy Essentials
- home directory, 2.4.1 cd, 2.19 Linux Directory Hierarchy Essentials, 7.3.1 The /etc/passwd File
- host, Understanding your Network and its Configuration, 9.5.1 ping
- host key, 10.3 Secure Shell (SSH)
- HTTP, Network Applications and Services
- hypervisor, 17.3 Virtualization
I
- ICMP, 9.4.1 The Default Gateway
- ifconfig, 9.3 The Internet Layer, 9.7 Understanding Kernel Network Interfaces
- if/then/else, 11.4 Exit Codes
- image, 1.2 Hardware: Understanding Main Memory
- include file, 15.1.1 Multiple Source Files, 16.3.4 Environment Variables, 16.3.5 Autoconf Targets
- inetd, SSH File Transfer Clients
- info, 2.13 Getting Online Help, 2.20.2 /etc/sudoers
- init, How the Linux Kernel Boots
- init, How User Space Starts, How User Space Starts, How User Space Starts, How User Space Starts, 6.1 Introduction to init, 6.3 Identifying Your init, Instances and Handoff, Instances and Handoff, 6.5.4 Upstart Operation, 6.5.4 Upstart Operation, 6.5.6 Upstart Runlevels and System V Compatibility, 6.6.1 System V init: Startup Command Sequence
- (see also systemd; Upstart)
- identifying, 6.3 Identifying Your init
- process tracking, How User Space Starts
- runlevel, 6.1 Introduction to init, Instances and Handoff, 6.5.4 Upstart Operation, 6.5.6 Upstart Runlevels and System V Compatibility
- systemd, Instances and Handoff
- System V, 6.5.6 Upstart Runlevels and System V Compatibility
- Upstart, 6.5.4 Upstart Operation
- sequence, How User Space Starts, 6.6.1 System V init: Startup Command Sequence
- System V, How User Space Starts, Instances and Handoff, 6.5.4 Upstart Operation
- initctl, 6.5.2 Upstart Jobs
- initramfs, 5.5 GRUB Introduction, 5.8.3 How GRUB Works, 6.7 Shutting Down Your System
- initrd, 6.8 The Initial RAM Filesystem
- (see also initramfs)
- inode, 4.2.11 Checking and Repairing Filesystems, 4.4 Looking Forward: Disks and User Space, 4.5 Inside a Traditional Filesystem, File Tests
- installing software, Introduction to Compiling Software From C Source Code, Installing pkg-config Files in Nonstandard Locations
- interactive shell, 13.4.1 The bash Shell
- Internet layer, network, 9.1.1 Packets
- (see also IP)
- iostat, 8.10 Monitoring CPU and Memory Performance with vmstat
- iotop, 8.11.1 Using iostat
- IP, 9.2 Network Layers, 9.2 Network Layers, 9.2 Network Layers, 9.3.1 Viewing Your Computer’s IP Addresses, 9.7 Understanding Kernel Network Interfaces, 9.8 Introduction to Network Interface Configuration, 9.16.1 The Linux DHCP Client, 9.17 Configuring Linux as a Router, 9.17 Configuring Linux as a Router, 9.17 Configuring Linux as a Router, 9.20 Routers and Linux, 9.21 Firewalls, 9.21 Firewalls
- address, 9.2 Network Layers, 9.7 Understanding Kernel Network Interfaces, 9.17 Configuring Linux as a Router
- chain, 9.21 Firewalls
- filter, 9.20 Routers and Linux
- forwarding, 9.17 Configuring Linux as a Router
- subnet, 9.2 Network Layers, 9.3.1 Viewing Your Computer’s IP Addresses, 9.8 Introduction to Network Interface Configuration, 9.16.1 The Linux DHCP Client, 9.17 Configuring Linux as a Router, 9.21 Firewalls
- IPP, 14.5.2 Monitoring D-Bus Messages
- iptables, 9.21.1 Linux Firewall Basics
- IPv4, 9.2 Network Layers
- IPv6, 9.2 Network Layers
J
- Java, 15.5.3 Other Scripting Languages
- job control, 2.16.2 Killing Processes
- jobs, 2.16.2 Killing Processes
K
- kernel, The Big Picture, 2.19.2 The /usr Directory, 2.19.2 The /usr Directory, 3.1 Device Files, 3.5.4 Monitoring Devices, 3.5.4 Monitoring Devices, Disks and Filesystems, 4.1.1 Viewing a Partition Table, 4.2.4 Filesystem UUID, 4.2.4 Filesystem UUID, 4.3.3 How Much Swap Do You Need?, How the Linux Kernel Boots, How the Linux Kernel Boots, How the Linux Kernel Boots, How the Linux Kernel Boots, 5.1 Startup Messages, 5.2 Kernel Initialization and Boot Options, 5.4 Boot Loaders, 5.5 GRUB Introduction, Troubleshooting, A Closer Look at Processes and Resource Utilization, 9.4 Routes and the Kernel Routing Table, 9.7 Understanding Kernel Network Interfaces, 16.7 Looking Forward
- as a resource, A Closer Look at Processes and Resource Utilization
- boot, How the Linux Kernel Boots, 5.1 Startup Messages
- boot messages, How the Linux Kernel Boots
- compiling, 16.7 Looking Forward
- disk buffer, 4.2.4 Filesystem UUID
- disk cache, 4.2.4 Filesystem UUID
- disk I/O system, Disks and Filesystems, 4.3.3 How Much Swap Do You Need?
- load, How the Linux Kernel Boots, 5.4 Boot Loaders
- location, 2.19.2 The /usr Directory
- log, 3.5.4 Monitoring Devices, Troubleshooting
- modules, 2.19.2 The /usr Directory
- network interface, 3.1 Device Files, 9.7 Understanding Kernel Network Interfaces
- parameters, 5.2 Kernel Initialization and Boot Options, 5.5 GRUB Introduction
- reading partition table, 4.1.1 Viewing a Partition Table
- ring buffer, How the Linux Kernel Boots
- routing table, 9.4 Routes and the Kernel Routing Table
- SCSI subsystem, 3.5.4 Monitoring Devices
- kernel mode, 1.1 Levels and Layers of Abstraction in a Linux System
- kernel space, 1.1 Levels and Layers of Abstraction in a Linux System
- keyboard, 14.3.1 X Events
- kill, 2.16 Listing and Manipulating Processes
L
- LAN, Understanding your Network and its Configuration
- layer, The Big Picture, Understanding your Network and its Configuration
- LBA, 4.1.3 Disk and Partition Geometry, 5.4 Boot Loaders
- LDAP, 17.1 Web Servers and Applications
- ldconfig, Listing Shared Library Dependencies
- ldd, 15.1.4 Shared Libraries
- LD_LIBRARY_PATH, 13.5.2 Editor, Listing Shared Library Dependencies
- ld.so, 15.1.4 Shared Libraries
- less, 2.5.1 grep, The Consequences of Two Kinds of Shells, 13.5.2 Editor, 16.3.5 Autoconf Targets
- level, The Big Picture, 1.3.4 System Calls and Support
- in user space, 1.3.4 System Calls and Support
- Lex, 15.3 Debuggers
- /lib, 2.19 Linux Directory Hierarchy Essentials
- libata, 3.6 In-Depth: SCSI and the Linux Kernel, 3.6.1 USB Storage and SCSI
- library, 2.19 Linux Directory Hierarchy Essentials, 2.19 Linux Directory Hierarchy Essentials, 8.2.2 Using lsof, 8.3.2 ltrace, What Is the C Preprocessor (cpp)?, 15.1.3 Linking with Libraries, Listing Shared Library Dependencies, 15.2.5 Command-Line Arguments and Options, 16.3.2 Installing Using a Packaging Tool, 16.3.5 Autoconf Targets, 16.3.7 pkg-config
- linking against, What Is the C Preprocessor (cpp)?, Listing Shared Library Dependencies, 15.2.5 Command-Line Arguments and Options
- shared, 2.19 Linux Directory Hierarchy Essentials, 8.2.2 Using lsof, 8.3.2 ltrace, 15.1.3 Linking with Libraries, 16.3.2 Installing Using a Packaging Tool, 16.3.7 pkg-config
- system calls, 8.2.2 Using lsof
- trace, 8.3.2 ltrace
- LILO, 5.4.1 Boot Loader Tasks
- link, 2.17.1 Modifying Permissions, 2.17.2 Symbolic Links, 4.4 Looking Forward: Disks and User Space, 4.5 Inside a Traditional Filesystem, 6.6.2 The System V init Link Farm, File Tests
- listen, 9.14.1 TCP Ports and Connections, 10.5.1 lsof
- literal, 11.2 Quoting and Literals
- LLVM, 15.1 The C Compiler, 15.6 Java
- ln, 2.17.1 Modifying Permissions, 4.4 Looking Forward: Disks and User Space, 4.5 Inside a Traditional Filesystem
- loadable kernel modules, 2.19.2 The /usr Directory
- load average, 8.7 Adjusting Process Priorities
- LOADLIN, 5.4.1 Boot Loader Tasks
- localhost, 9.11.3 NetworkManager Configuration, 9.12.4 /etc/nsswitch.conf
- locate, 2.5.3 pwd
- log, 1.4 User Space, 3.5.4 Monitoring Devices, 6.4.4 systemd Operation, 6.5.3 Upstart Configuration, 6.5.4 Upstart Operation, System Configuration: Logging, System Time, Batch Jobs, and Users, Troubleshooting
- (see also kernel, log; syslog)
- kernel, 3.5.4 Monitoring Devices, Troubleshooting
- syslog, System Configuration: Logging, System Time, Batch Jobs, and Users
- system, 6.4.4 systemd Operation
- Upstart, 6.5.3 Upstart Configuration, 6.5.4 Upstart Operation
- logger, Troubleshooting
- login, 7.3.5 Working with Groups
- login shell, 13.4.1 The bash Shell
- logrotate, Troubleshooting
- loops, 11.5.6 Matching Strings with case
- lost+found, 4.2.11 Checking and Repairing Filesystems, 4.5.1 Viewing Inode Details
- ls, 2.2.3 Standard Input and Standard Output
- lsof, 8.1 Tracking Processes, 10.5.1 lsof, 10.10.1 Advantages for Developers
- network, 10.5.1 lsof
- Unix domain socket, 10.10.1 Advantages for Developers
- lsscsi, 3.4 Device Name Summary, 3.6 In-Depth: SCSI and the Linux Kernel, 3.6.3 Generic SCSI Devices
- lsusb, 3.6.1 USB Storage and SCSI
- ltrace, 8.3.2 ltrace
M
- MAC address, 9.5.3 DNS and host, 9.11.3 NetworkManager Configuration, 9.22 Ethernet, IP, and ARP
- main memory, 1.1 Levels and Layers of Abstraction in a Linux System (see memory)
- make, 15.2 make
- Makefile, 15.2 make, 15.2 make, 15.2 make, 15.2.1 A Sample Makefile, 15.2.3 Final Program Build, 15.2.6 Standard Macros and Variables, 15.2.6 Standard Macros and Variables, 15.2.8 Organizing a Makefile, 16.3.5 Autoconf Targets
- dependency, 15.2 make, 15.2.8 Organizing a Makefile
- organization, 15.2.6 Standard Macros and Variables
- rule, 15.2 make
- separator, 15.2.1 A Sample Makefile
- staying up-to-date, 15.2.3 Final Program Build
- target, 15.2 make, 15.2.6 Standard Macros and Variables, 16.3.5 Autoconf Targets
- man, 2.12 Text Editors
- (see also manual page)
- manual page, 2.12 Text Editors, 2.19.2 The /usr Directory, Adding Dot (.) to the Path
- MBR, Disks and Filesystems, Listing Devices, 5.7 Chainloading Other Operating Systems
- mDNS, 9.12.3 Caching and Zero-Configuration DNS
- /media, 2.19 Linux Directory Hierarchy Essentials
- memory, 1.1 Levels and Layers of Abstraction in a Linux System, 1.1 Levels and Layers of Abstraction in a Linux System, 1.3.1 Process Management, 1.3.1 Process Management, 4.1 Partitioning Disk Devices, 4.2.8 The /etc/fstab Filesystem Table, The Worst Case, 4.3 swap space, 4.3 swap space, 4.3 swap space, 4.3 swap space, 4.3.3 How Much Swap Do You Need?, 5.1 Startup Messages, Generating a New Configuration File, 8.8.1 Using uptime, 8.8.1 Using uptime, 8.9.1 How Memory Works, 8.9.1 How Memory Works, Major Page Faults
- capacity, 4.3 swap space, 8.8.1 Using uptime
- insufficient, The Worst Case, 4.3.3 How Much Swap Do You Need?, 8.8.1 Using uptime
- management, 1.3.1 Process Management, 5.1 Startup Messages, 8.9.1 How Memory Works
- monitoring usage, Major Page Faults
- page, 8.9.1 How Memory Works
- protection, 1.1 Levels and Layers of Abstraction in a Linux System
- swap, 4.1 Partitioning Disk Devices, 4.2.8 The /etc/fstab Filesystem Table, 4.3 swap space, 4.3 swap space
- partitions, 4.1 Partitioning Disk Devices, 4.3 swap space
- test, Generating a New Configuration File
- virtual, 1.3.1 Process Management, 4.3 swap space
- Mir, xset
- mkdir, 2.4.1 cd
- mkfs, 4.2.1 Filesystem Types
- mknod, 3.4.7 Audio Devices: /dev/snd/*, /dev/dsp, /dev/audio, and More
- mkswap, 4.3 swap space
- MMU, 1.3.1 Process Management, 8.9.1 How Memory Works
- modules, kernel, 2.19.2 The /usr Directory
- mount, 4.2.2 Creating a Filesystem, 14.3.2 Understanding X Input and Preference Settings
- (see also filesystem: mount)
- mouse, 14.3.2 Understanding X Input and Preference Settings
- multitasking, 1.3 The Kernel
- mv, 2.3.1 ls
N
- NAT, 9.17 Configuring Linux as a Router
- netcat, 10.5.2 tcpdump
- netstat, 9.14.1 TCP Ports and Connections, 10.4 The inetd and xinetd Daemons
- network, 3.1 Device Files, Understanding your Network and its Configuration, Understanding your Network and its Configuration, Understanding your Network and its Configuration, Understanding your Network and its Configuration, Understanding your Network and its Configuration, Understanding your Network and its Configuration, 9.1.1 Packets, 9.1.1 Packets, 9.1.1 Packets, 9.1.1 Packets, 9.1.1 Packets, 9.2 Network Layers, 9.2 Network Layers, 9.3 The Internet Layer, 9.3.1 Viewing Your Computer’s IP Addresses, 9.3.3 Common Subnet Masks and CIDR Notation, 9.4 Routes and the Kernel Routing Table, 9.4.1 The Default Gateway, 9.5.1 ping, 9.5.1 ping, 9.7 Understanding Kernel Network Interfaces, 9.7 Understanding Kernel Network Interfaces, 9.9 Boot-Activated Network Configuration, 9.11.3 NetworkManager Configuration, 9.12.4 /etc/nsswitch.conf, 9.14.1 TCP Ports and Connections, 9.14.1 TCP Ports and Connections, 9.14.1 TCP Ports and Connections, 9.14.1 TCP Ports and Connections, 9.15 Revisiting a Simple Local Network, 9.15 Revisiting a Simple Local Network, 9.16.1 The Linux DHCP Client, 9.17 Configuring Linux as a Router, 9.19 Network Address Translation (IP Masquerading), 9.20 Routers and Linux, 9.21.1 Linux Firewall Basics, 9.21.2 Setting Firewall Rules, Network Applications and Services, Network Applications and Services, Network Applications and Services, 10.1.1 A Closer Look, 10.5.1 lsof, 10.5.1 lsof, Filtering by Protocol and Port
- application layer, 9.1.1 Packets, Network Applications and Services
- client, 9.14.1 TCP Ports and Connections
- configuration, 9.3 The Internet Layer, 9.7 Understanding Kernel Network Interfaces, 9.15 Revisiting a Simple Local Network
- connection, 9.14.1 TCP Ports and Connections, Network Applications and Services, 10.5.1 lsof
- firewall, 9.20 Routers and Linux, 9.21.1 Linux Firewall Basics, 9.21.2 Setting Firewall Rules
- rule, 9.21.1 Linux Firewall Basics
- strategy, 9.21.2 Setting Firewall Rules
- host, Understanding your Network and its Configuration, 9.5.1 ping
- interface, 3.1 Device Files, 9.7 Understanding Kernel Network Interfaces
- Internet layer, 9.1.1 Packets
- layer, Understanding your Network and its Configuration
- localhost, 9.11.3 NetworkManager Configuration, 9.12.4 /etc/nsswitch.conf
- packet, Understanding your Network and its Configuration
- physical layer, 9.1.1 Packets
- port, 9.14.1 TCP Ports and Connections, Network Applications and Services
- prefix, 9.3.1 Viewing Your Computer’s IP Addresses
- private, 9.17 Configuring Linux as a Router
- promiscuous mode, Filtering by Protocol and Port
- route, 9.3.3 Common Subnet Masks and CIDR Notation, 9.5.1 ping
- router, Understanding your Network and its Configuration, 9.2 Network Layers, 9.4 Routes and the Kernel Routing Table, 9.16.1 The Linux DHCP Client, 9.19 Network Address Translation (IP Masquerading)
- server, 9.14.1 TCP Ports and Connections, 10.1.1 A Closer Look
- simple, Understanding your Network and its Configuration, 9.2 Network Layers, 9.15 Revisiting a Simple Local Network
- stack, 9.1.1 Packets
- transport layer, 9.1.1 Packets
- troubleshooting, 9.4.1 The Default Gateway, 10.5.1 lsof
- wireless, 9.9 Boot-Activated Network Configuration
- network configuration manager, 9.10 Problems with Manual and Boot-Activated Network Configuration
- NetworkManager, 9.10 Problems with Manual and Boot-Activated Network Configuration, 9.23.1 iw
- Network Time Protocol (NTP), 7.5 Setting the Time, 9.14.4 Characteristics of TCP
- NFS, 12.4.10 Accessing Files as a Client
- nftables, 9.21 Firewalls
- nice value, 8.6 Measuring CPU Time
- nmap, 10.5.3 netcat
- NTP (Network Time Protocol), 7.5 Setting the Time, 9.14.4 Characteristics of TCP
O
- object file, 15.1.1 Multiple Source Files
- OOM killer, 4.3.3 How Much Swap Do You Need?
- open(), 8.3.1 strace
- open source, Introduction to Compiling Software From C Source Code
- OpenWRT, 9.20 Routers and Linux, 17.5 Embedded Systems
- /opt, 2.19 Linux Directory Hierarchy Essentials
- OSS, 3.4.7 Audio Devices: /dev/snd/*, /dev/dsp, /dev/audio, and More
P
- package, 16.3.1 An Autoconf Example, Installing pkg-config Files in Nonstandard Locations, 16.6.1 Specific Errors
- packet, Understanding your Network and its Configuration
- page, 1.3.1 Process Management, 8.9.1 How Memory Works, 8.9.1 How Memory Works, 8.9.1 How Memory Works
- PAGER, 13.5.2 Editor
- pager, 2.5.1 grep, 13.5.2 Editor
- PAM (Pluggable Authentication Modules), 7.9.1 Using Libraries for User Information
- parallel port, Display Modes and Virtual Consoles
- parted, Disks and Filesystems
- partition, 3.4 Device Name Summary, Disks and Filesystems, Disks and Filesystems, 4.1 Partitioning Disk Devices, 4.1 Partitioning Disk Devices, 4.1 Partitioning Disk Devices, 4.1 Partitioning Disk Devices, 4.1 Partitioning Disk Devices, 4.1.1 Viewing a Partition Table, 4.1.1 Viewing a Partition Table, 4.1.1 Viewing a Partition Table, 4.1.2 Changing Partition Tables, 4.1.3 Disk and Partition Geometry, 4.2 Filesystems, 4.2 Filesystems, 4.2.9 Alternatives to /etc/fstab, 4.3 swap space
- alignment, 4.1.3 Disk and Partition Geometry
- altering table, Disks and Filesystems
- Apple, 4.2 Filesystems
- capacity, 4.1.1 Viewing a Partition Table, 4.2.9 Alternatives to /etc/fstab
- extended, 4.1 Partitioning Disk Devices
- geometry, 4.1.2 Changing Partition Tables
- logical, 4.1 Partitioning Disk Devices
- primary, 4.1 Partitioning Disk Devices
- reading table, 4.1.1 Viewing a Partition Table
- swap, 4.1 Partitioning Disk Devices, 4.3 swap space
- system ID, 4.1.1 Viewing a Partition Table
- table, Disks and Filesystems
- viewing, 4.1 Partitioning Disk Devices
- Windows, 4.2 Filesystems
- passwd, 2.5.7 head and tail, 2.17 File Modes and Permissions, 7.3.1 The /etc/passwd File
- password, 2.5.7 head and tail, 2.13 Getting Online Help, Troubleshooting, Security Implications, 7.10.3 PAM and Passwords, 17.1 Web Servers and Applications
- patch, 16.5 Applying a Patch
- patchelf, Linking Programs Against Shared Libraries
- path, 2.3.5 rm
- PATH, 2.8 Environment and Shell Variables, User Environments
- path, 2.3.5 rm, 2.3.5 rm, 2.8 Environment and Shell Variables, User Environments
- absolute, 2.3.5 rm
- command, 2.8 Environment and Shell Variables, User Environments
- relative, 2.3.5 rm
- pathname, 2.3.5 rm (see path)
- performance, 4.3.3 How Much Swap Do You Need?, A Closer Look at Processes and Resource Utilization
- memory, 4.3.3 How Much Swap Do You Need?
- Perl, 2.5.1 grep, 15.5 Scripting Languages
- permissions, Not a directory, Is a directory, 2.16.4 Background Processes, 2.16.4 Background Processes, 2.16.4 Background Processes, 2.16.4 Background Processes, 2.16.4 Background Processes, 2.16.4 Background Processes, 2.16.4 Background Processes, 2.17 File Modes and Permissions, 2.17 File Modes and Permissions, 2.17 File Modes and Permissions, 2.17.1 Modifying Permissions, 2.17.1 Modifying Permissions, Table-of-Contents Mode, File Tests, 13.3.4 Aliases
- bits, 2.17 File Modes and Permissions
- changing, 2.17 File Modes and Permissions
- default, 2.17.1 Modifying Permissions, 13.3.4 Aliases
- directory, 2.17.1 Modifying Permissions
- execute, 2.17 File Modes and Permissions
- group, 2.16.4 Background Processes
- other, 2.16.4 Background Processes
- preserving, Table-of-Contents Mode
- read, 2.16.4 Background Processes
- testing, File Tests
- user, 2.16.4 Background Processes
- world, 2.16.4 Background Processes
- write, 2.16.4 Background Processes
- physical layer, 9.1.1 Packets, 9.5.3 DNS and host
- Pico, 2.12 Text Editors
- PID (process ID), Not a directory, Is a directory, 8.4.2 Viewing Threads, 11.3.3 All Arguments: $@
- pidstat, 8.11.2 Per-Process I/O Utilization and Monitoring: iotop
- ping, 9.4.1 The Default Gateway
- pipe, 2.5.1 grep, 2.13 Getting Online Help, 2.18.4 zcat, 3.1 Device Files, 3.4.7 Audio Devices: /dev/snd/*, /dev/dsp, /dev/audio, and More
- pkg-config, 16.3.5 Autoconf Targets
- Pluggable Authentication Modules (PAM), 7.9.1 Using Libraries for User Information
- plymouth, 3.4.1 Hard Disks: /dev/sd*
- port scan, 10.5.3 netcat
- printing, Display Modes and Virtual Consoles, 14.5.2 Monitoring D-Bus Messages
- private network, 9.17 Configuring Linux as a Router
- /proc, 2.19 Linux Directory Hierarchy Essentials, Long Options, The Worst Case
- process, The Big Picture, 1.3 The Kernel, 1.3.1 Process Management, 1.3.3 Device Drivers and Management, 1.4 User Space, Not a directory, Is a directory, Not a directory, Is a directory, Not a directory, Is a directory, 2.16 Listing and Manipulating Processes, 2.16 Listing and Manipulating Processes, 2.16 Listing and Manipulating Processes, 2.16.2 Killing Processes, 2.16.2 Killing Processes, 2.19 Linux Directory Hierarchy Essentials, The Worst Case, 4.3.3 How Much Swap Do You Need?, 4.3.3 How Much Swap Do You Need?, 7.8 Understanding User IDs and User Switching, 8.1 Tracking Processes, 8.1 Tracking Processes, 8.1 Tracking Processes, 8.3.1 strace, 8.4.2 Viewing Threads, 8.6 Measuring CPU Time, 8.10 Monitoring CPU and Memory Performance with vmstat, 8.11.2 Per-Process I/O Utilization and Monitoring: iotop, 8.12 Per-Process Monitoring with pidstat, 11.3.3 All Arguments: $@
- accounting, 8.12 Per-Process Monitoring with pidstat
- background, 2.16.2 Killing Processes
- blocked, 8.10 Monitoring CPU and Memory Performance with vmstat
- child, 8.3.1 strace
- continue, 2.16.2 Killing Processes
- ID, Not a directory, Is a directory, 8.4.2 Viewing Threads, 11.3.3 All Arguments: $@
- interface, 2.19 Linux Directory Hierarchy Essentials
- list, Not a directory, Is a directory
- management, 1.3 The Kernel
- memory, 1.3.1 Process Management, 4.3.3 How Much Swap Do You Need?, 8.1 Tracking Processes
- monitoring, 8.11.2 Per-Process I/O Utilization and Monitoring: iotop
- open files, 8.1 Tracking Processes
- owner, 1.4 User Space, 7.8 Understanding User IDs and User Switching
- priority, 8.6 Measuring CPU Time
- starting new, 1.3.3 Device Drivers and Management
- status, 2.16 Listing and Manipulating Processes
- stop, 2.16 Listing and Manipulating Processes
- terminate, 2.16 Listing and Manipulating Processes
- tracking, 8.1 Tracking Processes
- unexpected termination, 4.3.3 How Much Swap Do You Need?
- .profile, 13.4.1 The bash Shell
- prompt (shell), Basic Commands and Directory Hierarchy, 2.8 Environment and Shell Variables, Adding Dot (.) to the Path
- ps, Not a directory, Is a directory, 7.8 Understanding User IDs and User Switching, Major Page Faults
- pseudodevice, 1.3.4 System Calls and Support
- pseudoterminal, 3.4.1 Hard Disks: /dev/sd*
- pulseaudio, 3.4.7 Audio Devices: /dev/snd/*, /dev/dsp, /dev/audio, and More
- pwd, 2.5.1 grep
- Python, 15.4 Lex and Yacc
R
- Raspberry Pi, 17.5 Embedded Systems
- real-time clock, 7.3.5 Working with Groups
- real user ID (ruid), 7.8 Understanding User IDs and User Switching
- reboot, 6.7 Shutting Down Your System
- redraw display, 2.16.4 Background Processes
- regular expressions, 2.5.1 grep
- regular file, 2.16.4 Background Processes
- relational database, 17.2 Databases
- remote login, 10.2 Network Servers
- renice, 8.7 Adjusting Process Priorities
- replication, 17.2 Databases
- resource monitoring, 8.4.2 Viewing Threads
- reverse isearch, 2.16.4 Background Processes
- RIP, 14.6.1 CUPS
- rm, 2.3.5 rm
- rmdir, 2.4.1 cd
- root, 1.4 User Space, 2.2.1 The Shell Window, 2.19 Linux Directory Hierarchy Essentials, 2.19.2 The /usr Directory, How the Linux Kernel Boots, 5.1 Startup Messages, 5.5 GRUB Introduction
- directory, 2.19 Linux Directory Hierarchy Essentials, How the Linux Kernel Boots, 5.1 Startup Messages, 5.5 GRUB Introduction
- prompt, 2.2.1 The Shell Window
- running programs as, 2.19.2 The /usr Directory
- route, 9.3.3 Common Subnet Masks and CIDR Notation, 9.8 Introduction to Network Interface Configuration
- route (network), 9.3.3 Common Subnet Masks and CIDR Notation, 9.5.1 ping, 9.7 Understanding Kernel Network Interfaces
- configuration, 9.7 Understanding Kernel Network Interfaces
- router, Understanding your Network and its Configuration, 9.2 Network Layers, 9.4 Routes and the Kernel Routing Table, 9.16.1 The Linux DHCP Client, 9.19 Network Address Translation (IP Masquerading)
- RPC, 10.5.4 Port Scanning
- rsync, Moving Files Across the Network, Moving Files Across the Network, 12.2.1 rsync Basics, 12.2.3 Using the Trailing Slash, 12.2.4 Excluding Files and Directories, 12.2.5 Transfer Integrity, Safeguards, and Verbose Modes, 12.2.5 Transfer Integrity, Safeguards, and Verbose Modes, 12.2.5 Transfer Integrity, Safeguards, and Verbose Modes
- bandwidth, 12.2.5 Transfer Integrity, Safeguards, and Verbose Modes
- compression, 12.2.5 Transfer Integrity, Safeguards, and Verbose Modes
- copying, Moving Files Across the Network, 12.2.5 Transfer Integrity, Safeguards, and Verbose Modes
- from remote host, 12.2.5 Transfer Integrity, Safeguards, and Verbose Modes
- to remote host, Moving Files Across the Network
- exact copy, 12.2.1 rsync Basics
- excluding files, 12.2.3 Using the Trailing Slash
- verifying transfer, 12.2.4 Excluding Files and Directories
- rsyslogd, 7.2.1 The System Logger
- ruid (real user ID), 7.8 Understanding User IDs and User Switching
- runlevel, 6.1 Introduction to init, Instances and Handoff, 6.5.4 Upstart Operation, 6.5.6 Upstart Runlevels and System V Compatibility
- System V, 6.5.6 Upstart Runlevels and System V Compatibility
- systemd, Instances and Handoff
- Upstart, 6.5.4 Upstart Operation
- run-parts, Modifying the Boot Sequence
- runtime, 2.19 Linux Directory Hierarchy Essentials, Listing Shared Library Dependencies
- information, 2.19 Linux Directory Hierarchy Essentials
- library search path, Listing Shared Library Dependencies
S
- Samba, 12.2.9 Further rsync Topics, 12.4.7 Home Directories
- client, 12.4.7 Home Directories
- sar, 8.12 Per-Process Monitoring with pidstat
- SATA, 3.6 In-Depth: SCSI and the Linux Kernel
- saved user ID, 7.8.1 Process Ownership, Effective UID, Real UID, and Saved UID
- /sbin, 2.19 Linux Directory Hierarchy Essentials
- scheduling tasks, 7.5.2 Network Time
- SCons, 16.6.1 Specific Errors
- scp, SSH File Transfer Clients
- screen, 2.16.2 Killing Processes
- scripting language, 15.4 Lex and Yacc
- SCSI, 3.4 Device Name Summary, 3.4 Device Name Summary, 3.4 Device Name Summary, 3.4.1 Hard Disks: /dev/sd*, 3.5.4 Monitoring Devices, 3.5.4 Monitoring Devices, 3.6 In-Depth: SCSI and the Linux Kernel, 3.6 In-Depth: SCSI and the Linux Kernel, 3.6.3 Generic SCSI Devices, 3.6.3 Generic SCSI Devices
- sector, 4.1.3 Disk and Partition Geometry
- security, 7.8 Understanding User IDs and User Switching, 10.5.4 Port Scanning, 13.3.1 The Command Path
- in command path, 13.3.1 The Command Path
- network, 10.5.4 Port Scanning
- sed, 11.10.1 basename
- segmentation fault, Not a directory, Is a directory
- serial port, Display Modes and Virtual Consoles, Display Modes and Virtual Consoles
- server role, 1.3.4 System Calls and Support
- setuid, 2.17 File Modes and Permissions, 4.2.6 Filesystem Mount Options, 7.8 Understanding User IDs and User Switching
- sftp, SSH File Transfer Clients
- shadow password, 7.3.1 The /etc/passwd File
- shared library, 2.19 Linux Directory Hierarchy Essentials, 8.2.2 Using lsof, 8.3.2 ltrace, 15.1.3 Linking with Libraries, 16.3.2 Installing Using a Packaging Tool, 16.3.7 pkg-config
- system calls, 8.2.2 Using lsof
- trace, 8.3.2 ltrace
- shebang, Introduction to Shell Scripts, 15.4 Lex and Yacc
- shell, Basic Commands and Directory Hierarchy, Basic Commands and Directory Hierarchy, Basic Commands and Directory Hierarchy, Basic Commands and Directory Hierarchy, 2.5.7 head and tail, 2.5.7 head and tail, 2.8 Environment and Shell Variables, 2.10 Special Characters, 2.16 Listing and Manipulating Processes, 2.16.2 Killing Processes, 3.4.1 Hard Disks: /dev/sd*, 7.3.1 The /etc/passwd File, 11.2 Quoting and Literals, 11.2.4 Passing a Literal Single Quote, 11.2.4 Passing a Literal Single Quote, Adding Dot (.) to the Path
- (see also Bourne Shell)
- change, Basic Commands and Directory Hierarchy, 2.5.7 head and tail
- editing commands, 2.10 Special Characters
- prompt, Basic Commands and Directory Hierarchy, 2.8 Environment and Shell Variables, Adding Dot (.) to the Path
- quoting, 11.2 Quoting and Literals
- user, 7.3.1 The /etc/passwd File
- variables, 2.5.7 head and tail, 2.16 Listing and Manipulating Processes, 11.2.4 Passing a Literal Single Quote, 11.2.4 Passing a Literal Single Quote
- special variables, 11.2.4 Passing a Literal Single Quote
- window, Basic Commands and Directory Hierarchy, 2.16.2 Killing Processes, 3.4.1 Hard Disks: /dev/sd*
- shell script, Basic Commands and Directory Hierarchy, Introduction to Shell Scripts, 11.1 Shell Script Basics, 11.1 Shell Script Basics, 11.3.1 Individual Arguments: $1, $2, ..., 11.3.3 All Arguments: $@, 11.3.3 All Arguments: $@, 11.4 Exit Codes, File Tests, Arithmetic Tests, 11.5.6 Matching Strings with case, 11.10.4 xargs, 11.11 Subshells, 11.11 Subshells, 11.14 When (Not) to Use Shell Scripts, 11.14 When (Not) to Use Shell Scripts
- arguments, 11.3.1 Individual Arguments: $1, $2, ...
- arithmetic, Arithmetic Tests, 11.10.4 xargs, 11.14 When (Not) to Use Shell Scripts
- conditional, 11.4 Exit Codes
- include, 11.11 Subshells
- limitations, 11.1 Shell Script Basics, 11.14 When (Not) to Use Shell Scripts
- loops, 11.5.6 Matching Strings with case
- name, 11.3.3 All Arguments: $@
- permission, 11.1 Shell Script Basics
- PID, 11.3.3 All Arguments: $@
- reading user input, 11.11 Subshells
- string test, File Tests
- shortcut, 2.17.1 Modifying Permissions (see symbolic link)
- shutdown, 6.7 Shutting Down Your System
- signal, 2.16 Listing and Manipulating Processes, 11.7 Command Substitution
- single-user mode, 5.2 Kernel Initialization and Boot Options, 6.1 Introduction to init, 6.8 The Initial RAM Filesystem
- socket, 3.1 Device Files, 10.8 Looking Forward, 10.9 Sockets: How Processes Communicate with the Network, 10.9 Sockets: How Processes Communicate with the Network
- solid-state disk (SSD), 4.1.3 Disk and Partition Geometry, 4.5.2 Working with Filesystems in User Space
- sort, 2.5.7 head and tail
- sound, 3.4.7 Audio Devices: /dev/snd/*, /dev/dsp, /dev/audio, and More
- source code, 15.1 The C Compiler
- special characters, 2.9 The Command Path
- splash screen, 3.4.1 Hard Disks: /dev/sd*, How the Linux Kernel Boots, 5.2 Kernel Initialization and Boot Options
- SQL, 17.2 Databases
- SSD (solid-state disk), 4.1.3 Disk and Partition Geometry, 4.5.2 Working with Filesystems in User Space
- SSH, Unit Files, A Service Job: tty1, 10.2 Network Servers
- standard error, 2.13 Getting Online Help, 2.16.4 Background Processes, 7.6 Scheduling Recurring Tasks with cron
- standard I/O, 2.2.1 The Shell Window, 2.2.3 Standard Input and Standard Output, 2.2.3 Standard Input and Standard Output, 2.5.1 grep, 2.5.1 grep, 2.13 Getting Online Help, 2.13 Getting Online Help, 2.14.1 Standard Error, 2.16.4 Background Processes, 2.16.4 Background Processes, 2.18 Archiving and Compressing Files, 2.18 Archiving and Compressing Files, 3.3 dd and Devices, 3.3 dd and Devices, 7.6 Scheduling Recurring Tasks with cron
- input, 2.2.3 Standard Input and Standard Output, 2.5.1 grep, 2.14.1 Standard Error, 2.16.4 Background Processes, 2.18 Archiving and Compressing Files, 3.3 dd and Devices
- output, 2.2.3 Standard Input and Standard Output, 2.5.1 grep, 2.13 Getting Online Help, 2.16.4 Background Processes, 2.18 Archiving and Compressing Files, 3.3 dd and Devices, 7.6 Scheduling Recurring Tasks with cron
- redirection, 2.13 Getting Online Help
- startup, User Environments, 13.3.4 Aliases, The Consequences of Two Kinds of Shells (see boot startup file)
- example, The Consequences of Two Kinds of Shells
- order, 13.3.4 Aliases
- stat, 4.5 Inside a Traditional Filesystem
- stat(), 4.5.1 Viewing Inode Details
- state, 1.2 Hardware: Understanding Main Memory
- static library, 15.1.3 Linking with Libraries
- stderr, 2.13 Getting Online Help, 2.16.4 Background Processes, 7.6 Scheduling Recurring Tasks with cron
- stdin, 2.2.3 Standard Input and Standard Output, 2.5.1 grep, 2.14.1 Standard Error, 2.16.4 Background Processes, 2.18 Archiving and Compressing Files, 3.3 dd and Devices
- stdio, 2.2.1 The Shell Window, 2.13 Getting Online Help, 15.1 The C Compiler
- redirection, 2.13 Getting Online Help
- stdout, 2.2.3 Standard Input and Standard Output, 2.5.1 grep, 2.13 Getting Online Help, 2.16.4 Background Processes, 2.18 Archiving and Compressing Files, 3.3 dd and Devices, 7.6 Scheduling Recurring Tasks with cron
- strace, Process Tracking and the Upstart expect Stanza, 8.2.2 Using lsof
- stream, 2.2.1 The Shell Window, 2.4.4 Shell Globbing (Wildcards), 2.5.1 grep, 2.13 Getting Online Help, 2.14.1 Standard Error, 3.1 Device Files, 11.4 Exit Codes, 11.10.1 basename
- edit, 11.10.1 basename
- ID (in shell), 2.14.1 Standard Error
- I/O, 2.2.1 The Shell Window
- search, 2.4.4 Shell Globbing (Wildcards), 11.4 Exit Codes
- su, 2.19.2 The /usr Directory
- subnet, 9.2 Network Layers, 9.3.1 Viewing Your Computer’s IP Addresses, 9.8 Introduction to Network Interface Configuration, 9.16.1 The Linux DHCP Client, 9.17 Configuring Linux as a Router
- subshell, 11.10.4 xargs
- sudo, 2.20.2 /etc/sudoers, 7.8.1 Process Ownership, Effective UID, Real UID, and Saved UID
- superblock, 4.2.1 Filesystem Types, 4.2.11 Checking and Repairing Filesystems, 4.5.1 Viewing Inode Details
- superserver, SSH File Transfer Clients
- superuser, 1.4 User Space (see root)
- swap, 4.1 Partitioning Disk Devices, 4.2.8 The /etc/fstab Filesystem Table, 4.3 swap space, 4.3 swap space
- partitions, 4.1 Partitioning Disk Devices, 4.3 swap space
- swapoff, 4.3 swap space
- swapon, 4.3 swap space
- symbolic link, 2.17.1 Modifying Permissions
- sync, 4.2.4 Filesystem UUID
- /sys, Devices (see sysfs)
- syscall, 1.2 Hardware: Understanding Main Memory (see system call)
- sysfs, Devices, 3.1 Device Files, 3.5.1 devtmpfs, The Worst Case
- SYSLINUX, 5.4.1 Boot Loader Tasks
- syslog, System Configuration: Logging, System Time, Batch Jobs, and Users
- system call, 1.2 Hardware: Understanding Main Memory, 1.3.3 Device Drivers and Management, 8.2.2 Using lsof
- trace, 8.2.2 Using lsof
- system clock, 7.3.5 Working with Groups
- systemctl, 6.4.2 systemd Dependencies, 6.4.3 systemd Configuration, Enabling Units and the [Install] Section
- systemd, 4.2.9 Alternatives to /etc/fstab, How User Space Starts, 6.3 Identifying Your init, 6.3 Identifying Your init, 6.3 Identifying Your init, 6.3 Identifying Your init, 6.3 Identifying Your init, 6.3 Identifying Your init, Ordering, 6.4.3 systemd Configuration, 6.4.3 systemd Configuration, Unit Files, Unit Files, Enabling Units and the [Install] Section, Enabling Units and the [Install] Section, Enabling Units and the [Install] Section, Enabling Units and the [Install] Section, 6.4.4 systemd Operation, 6.4.4 systemd Operation, 6.4.4 systemd Operation, 6.4.5 Adding Units to systemd, 6.4.5 Adding Units to systemd, 6.4.5 Adding Units to systemd, 6.4.5 Adding Units to systemd, 6.4.5 Adding Units to systemd, 6.4.6 systemd Process Tracking and Synchronization, 6.4.7 systemd On-Demand and Resource-Parallelized Startup, Boot Optimization with Auxiliary Units, Boot Optimization with Auxiliary Units, An Example Socket Unit and Service, An Example Socket Unit and Service, Instances and Handoff, SSH File Transfer Clients
- activating unit, Enabling Units and the [Install] Section, 6.4.5 Adding Units to systemd, An Example Socket Unit and Service
- configuration, Ordering
- creating unit, 6.4.4 systemd Operation
- deactivating unit, 6.4.5 Adding Units to systemd
- dependency, 6.3 Identifying Your init
- disabling unit, 6.4.5 Adding Units to systemd
- enabling unit, Unit Files, 6.4.5 Adding Units to systemd
- job, 6.4.4 systemd Operation
- log, 6.4.4 systemd Operation
- mount unit, 4.2.9 Alternatives to /etc/fstab, 6.3 Identifying Your init, 6.4.3 systemd Configuration
- on-demand resource, 6.4.6 systemd Process Tracking and Synchronization
- operating, Enabling Units and the [Install] Section
- parallel unit activation, 6.4.7 systemd On-Demand and Resource-Parallelized Startup
- process tracking, 6.4.5 Adding Units to systemd
- service unit, 6.3 Identifying Your init, Unit Files, Boot Optimization with Auxiliary Units
- socket unit, Boot Optimization with Auxiliary Units, SSH File Transfer Clients
- specifier, Enabling Units and the [Install] Section
- startup, 6.3 Identifying Your init
- System V compatibility, Instances and Handoff
- target unit, 6.3 Identifying Your init
- unit, 6.3 Identifying Your init, 6.4.3 systemd Configuration, An Example Socket Unit and Service
- file, 6.4.3 systemd Configuration
- instance, An Example Socket Unit and Service
- variable, Enabling Units and the [Install] Section
- system messaging, 7.2.1 The System Logger
- system time, 8.4.2 Viewing Threads
- System V init, How User Space Starts, Instances and Handoff, 6.5.4 Upstart Operation
T
- tail, 2.5.7 head and tail
- tar, 2.18 Archiving and Compressing Files, 11.11 Subshells
- TCP, 9.12.4 /etc/nsswitch.conf, 9.19 Network Address Translation (IP Masquerading), 9.21.2 Setting Firewall Rules, Network Applications and Services
- filtering, 9.21.2 Setting Firewall Rules
- interacting with service, Network Applications and Services
- tcpdump, Filtering by Protocol and Port
- TCP wrapper, 10.4 The inetd and xinetd Daemons
- tcsh, 13.4.1 The bash Shell
- telnet, Network Applications and Services, 10.2 Network Servers, 10.5.2 tcpdump, 10.7.1 Typical Vulnerabilities
- tempfs, The Worst Case
- temporary file, 11.7 Command Substitution
- terminal, 3.4.1 Hard Disks: /dev/sd*, 3.4.1 Hard Disks: /dev/sd*, 3.4.1 Hard Disks: /dev/sd*, 3.4.1 Hard Disks: /dev/sd*, 6.1 Introduction to init, A Service Job: tty1, 14.2 A Closer Look at the X Window System
- (see also shell: window)
- controlling, 3.4.1 Hard Disks: /dev/sd*
- device, 3.4.1 Hard Disks: /dev/sd*
- virtual, 3.4.1 Hard Disks: /dev/sd*, 6.1 Introduction to init, A Service Job: tty1, 14.2 A Closer Look at the X Window System
- test, 11.4 Exit Codes
- text editor, 2.10 Special Characters, 13.5 Default User Settings
- text search, 2.4.4 Shell Globbing (Wildcards)
- thrash, 8.8.1 Using uptime
- (see also memory: insufficient)
- thread, 8.3.2 ltrace
- time, 8.4.2 Viewing Threads
- (see also CPU time; elapsed time; system time)
- time (of day), 7.3.5 Working with Groups
- time slice, 1.3 The Kernel
- /tmp, 2.19 Linux Directory Hierarchy Essentials
- toolkit, 14.1.1 Window Managers
- top, 8.1 Tracking Processes, 8.4.2 Viewing Threads
- touch, 2.3.1 ls
- traceroute, 9.5.1 ping
- transport layer, 9.12.4 /etc/nsswitch.conf
- (see also network, application layer)
- troubleshooting, 7.2.1 The System Logger
- tune2fs, 4.2.4 Filesystem UUID
U
- udev, Devices, 3.2 The sysfs Device Path, 3.4.7 Audio Devices: /dev/snd/*, /dev/dsp, /dev/audio, and More, 3.5.1 devtmpfs, 3.5.1 devtmpfs, 3.5.4 Monitoring Devices
- configuration and rules, 3.5.1 devtmpfs
- event, 3.5.1 devtmpfs, 3.5.4 Monitoring Devices
- udevadm, 3.2 The sysfs Device Path, 3.5.2 udevd Operation and Configuration, 4.1.2 Changing Partition Tables
- udevd, 3.4.7 Audio Devices: /dev/snd/*, /dev/dsp, /dev/audio, and More, 4.2.4 Filesystem UUID
- udisks-daemon, 3.5.4 Monitoring Devices
- UDP, 9.12.4 /etc/nsswitch.conf, 9.14.4 Characteristics of TCP, 9.19 Network Address Translation (IP Masquerading), Filtering by Protocol and Port
- UEFI, 5.4 Boot Loaders, 5.5.3 GRUB Installation, Installing GRUB on an External Storage Device, 5.8.1 MBR Boot
- ESP, 5.8.1 MBR Boot
- secure boot, Installing GRUB on an External Storage Device
- uevent, 3.5.1 devtmpfs, 3.5.4 Monitoring Devices
- umask, 2.17.1 Modifying Permissions, 13.3.4 Aliases
- umount, 4.2.3 Mounting a Filesystem
- Unix, Basic Commands and Directory Hierarchy
- Unix domain socket, 10.9 Sockets: How Processes Communicate with the Network
- unlinking, 4.5 Inside a Traditional Filesystem
- (see also files: deleting)
- unxz, 2.18.4 zcat
- unzip, 2.18.4 zcat
- Upstart, How User Space Starts, How User Space Starts, 6.4.9 systemd Auxiliary Programs, 6.4.9 systemd Auxiliary Programs, 6.4.9 systemd Auxiliary Programs, 6.4.9 systemd Auxiliary Programs, 6.4.9 systemd Auxiliary Programs, Job State Transitions, Job State Transitions, Job State Transitions, 6.5.3 Upstart Configuration, A Service Job: tty1, Process Tracking and the Upstart expect Stanza, Process Tracking and the Upstart expect Stanza, Process Tracking and the Upstart expect Stanza, 6.5.4 Upstart Operation, 6.5.4 Upstart Operation, 6.5.4 Upstart Operation
- configuration, Job State Transitions
- event, How User Space Starts, 6.4.9 systemd Auxiliary Programs, Job State Transitions, Process Tracking and the Upstart expect Stanza
- job, 6.4.9 systemd Auxiliary Programs, Process Tracking and the Upstart expect Stanza
- log, 6.5.3 Upstart Configuration, 6.5.4 Upstart Operation
- mounting filesystems, 6.4.9 systemd Auxiliary Programs, Job State Transitions
- operation, Process Tracking and the Upstart expect Stanza
- process tracking, A Service Job: tty1
- runlevel, 6.5.4 Upstart Operation
- startup, 6.4.9 systemd Auxiliary Programs
- System V compatibility, 6.5.4 Upstart Operation
- uptime, 8.7 Adjusting Process Priorities
- USB, 3.4 Device Name Summary, Display Modes and Virtual Consoles, 3.6 In-Depth: SCSI and the Linux Kernel, 3.6 In-Depth: SCSI and the Linux Kernel, 3.6.1 USB Storage and SCSI
- listing device information, 3.6.1 USB Storage and SCSI
- relationship to SCSI, 3.4 Device Name Summary, 3.6 In-Depth: SCSI and the Linux Kernel
- serial port, Display Modes and Virtual Consoles
- user, The Big Picture, 1.1 Levels and Layers of Abstraction in a Linux System, 1.4 User Space, 1.4 User Space, 1.4 User Space, Basic Commands and Directory Hierarchy, 2.19.2 The /usr Directory, Troubleshooting, 7.3.1 The /etc/passwd File, 7.8 Understanding User IDs and User Switching, Security Implications, Security Implications, Security Implications, User Environments
- authentication, Security Implications
- authorization, Security Implications
- changing, 2.19.2 The /usr Directory
- environment, User Environments
- ID, 1.4 User Space, Troubleshooting, 7.8 Understanding User IDs and User Switching
- identification, Security Implications
- management, 7.3.1 The /etc/passwd File
- mode, 1.1 Levels and Layers of Abstraction in a Linux System
- process, The Big Picture (see process)
- regular, Basic Commands and Directory Hierarchy
- root, 1.4 User Space (see root)
- user space, The Big Picture, 1.3.4 System Calls and Support, 4.2 Filesystems, 4.5.1 Viewing Inode Details, How the Linux Kernel Boots, 5.1 Startup Messages, How User Space Starts
- filesystem, 4.2 Filesystems, 4.5.1 Viewing Inode Details
- interface, 4.5.1 Viewing Inode Details
- organization, 1.3.4 System Calls and Support
- start, How the Linux Kernel Boots, 5.1 Startup Messages, How User Space Starts
- userland, The Big Picture (see user space)
- username, 1.4 User Space, Troubleshooting
- /usr, 2.19 Linux Directory Hierarchy Essentials
- /usr/lib, 15.1.3 Linking with Libraries
- /usr/local, 2.19 Linux Directory Hierarchy Essentials, 16.3.2 Installing Using a Packaging Tool, Installing pkg-config Files in Nonstandard Locations
- /usr/share, 2.19 Linux Directory Hierarchy Essentials
- UTC, 7.3.5 Working with Groups
- UUID, 3.4 Device Name Summary, 4.2.3 Mounting a Filesystem, Long Options, 5.2 Kernel Initialization and Boot Options, 5.5 GRUB Introduction
V
- /var, 2.19 Linux Directory Hierarchy Essentials
- /var/log, 7.2.1 The System Logger
- VFS, 4.2 Filesystems, 4.5.1 Viewing Inode Details
- vi, 2.10 Special Characters
- vipw, 7.3.1 The /etc/passwd File
- virtual console, 3.4.1 Hard Disks: /dev/sd*, 6.1 Introduction to init, A Service Job: tty1, 14.2 A Closer Look at the X Window System
- virtual machine, 15.5.3 Other Scripting Languages, 17.2 Databases
- virtual memory, 1.3.1 Process Management
- virtual memory, 4.3 swap space
- (see also memory: management)
- vmstat, Major Page Faults
W
- wallpaper, A Brief Survey of the Linux Desktop (see desktop background)
- warning messages, 2.15.1 Anatomy of a UNIX Error Message
- Wayland, xset
- web application, 17.1 Web Servers and Applications
- web server, Moving Files Across the Network, 17.1 Web Servers and Applications
- WEP, 9.23.1 iw
- while, 11.5.6 Matching Strings with case
- who -r, 6.1 Introduction to init
- widget, 14.1.1 Window Managers
- wildcard, 2.4.1 cd (see glob)
- window manager, A Brief Survey of the Linux Desktop
- Windows, 4.2 Filesystems, Installing GRUB on an External Storage Device, 12.2.9 Further rsync Topics, 12.4.2 Server Access Control, 12.4.7 Home Directories
- boot, Installing GRUB on an External Storage Device
- file sharing, 12.2.9 Further rsync Topics
- partition, 4.2 Filesystems
- password, 12.4.2 Server Access Control
- printer sharing, 12.4.7 Home Directories
- wireless network, 9.9 Boot-Activated Network Configuration
- (see also Ethernet: wireless)
- worker process, 10.1.1 A Closer Look
- WPA, 9.23.1 iw
X
- xargs, 11.10.3 sed
- xev, 14.3.1 X Events
- X event, 14.2.2 Network Transparency
- xinetd, SSH File Transfer Clients
- xinput, 14.3.2 Understanding X Input and Preference Settings
- XKB, Input Devices (General)
- xlsclients, 14.2.2 Network Transparency
- xmodmap, 14.3.1 X Events, Input Devices (General)
- xset, xset
- X Window System, 3.4.1 Hard Disks: /dev/sd*, 10.2 Network Servers, A Brief Survey of the Linux Desktop, A Brief Survey of the Linux Desktop, A Brief Survey of the Linux Desktop, 14.1.1 Window Managers, 14.2 A Closer Look at the X Window System, 14.2 A Closer Look at the X Window System, 14.2.2 Network Transparency, 14.2.2 Network Transparency, 14.2.2 Network Transparency, 14.2.2 Network Transparency, 14.3.1 X Events, 14.3.1 X Events, xset
- application, 14.1.1 Window Managers
- client, A Brief Survey of the Linux Desktop, 14.2.2 Network Transparency
- diagnostics, 14.2.2 Network Transparency
- display, 14.2 A Closer Look at the X Window System (see display)
- event, 14.2.2 Network Transparency
- future, xset
- input, 14.3.1 X Events
- network transparency, 14.2 A Closer Look at the X Window System
- preferences, 14.3.1 X Events
- server, 3.4.1 Hard Disks: /dev/sd*, A Brief Survey of the Linux Desktop
- tunneling, 10.2 Network Servers, 14.2.2 Network Transparency
- window manager, A Brief Survey of the Linux Desktop
- xwininfo, 14.2.2 Network Transparency
- xz, 2.18.4 zcat
Y
- Yacc, 15.3 Debuggers
Z
- zcat, 2.18.4 zcat
- zip, 2.18.4 zcat
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