INDEX
•
A
Abramson, Alana, 34
accountability: advocates of, 115
culture of, establishing, 72
ensuring, in the private sector, means of, 116
impact of dark money on, 91
administrative law, 109, 122–123, 124
administrative law judges (ALJs), 123
Administrative Procedure Act (APA), 118–119, 120, 122
Administrative State: rise of, core drivers of, 99
views on, 22–26, 93, 98, 120, 126. See also Fourth Branch
Administrative State: A Study of the Political Theory of American Public Administration (Waldo), 145–146
Age of Association, 86
Agency for International Development (USAID), 115
agency regulations, creating, authority for, 20
Agriculture Department, 39, 41
aircraft industry, regulation of, 117
Alaska Natives, 114
Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building bombing, 63
American Cancer Society, 102, 104
American Contempt for Liberty (Williams), 146
“Americans’ Trust in Government to Handle Problems at New Low” (Gallup), 62
anonymity: fight against, 78–79, 80–81
problem of, 77
anonymous donors, issues with, 91–92
anti-Federalists, 17
antitrust legislation, 99
appropriations: data and analysis for, providers of, 9, 97
dispute over border security/wall and, 27–28, 33, 35, 40, 42, 44
for gun control, lobby restricting, 106
seeking to cripple the CBO through, 96–97
voting up, cost involved in, 98
appropriations, lapse in. See government shutdown
arms, right to keep and bear, 106, 107, 108
arms industry. See gun control; gun lobby
Arthur, Chester A., 16
assemble, right to, 88
association, principle of, 86
assumptions, problem with, 34–35, 76
atomic bombing, 119
Aurora shooting, 105
authority: conferring, 6, 62, 71
deference to, willingness for, 67, 71
earned legitimacy of, 126
judicial, delegation of, 123
legislative, delegation of, 118, 119, 122, 123
versus power, 6
supreme, 12
B
Baker, Gerard, 62
Balko, Radley, 73
ballot requirements, 14
Bardella, Kurt, 44
Bennett, John T., 61–62
big business comparison, 68
big government: first, era of, 25
small government versus, debate over, 14, 145–146
Big Tobacco, regulation of, 101–104
Bill of Rights, 88. See also Constitution
bipartisan political advocacy group, 96
Bixby, Robert L., 97
black church massacre, 54, 105
blue (Democratic) states, 22, 32
Boot, Max, 61
Border Patrol, 35
border security/wall, funding, dispute over, 27–28, 33, 35, 40, 42, 44
Brady, James, 105–106
Brady law, 106
Breitbart website, 34
Brown, Sherrod, 87
Brown & Williamson tobacco company, 103
Budget Analysis Division, attack on, 96–97
Budget and Accounting Act, 85
budget deficits, 96
budgetary data, sources of, 143–144. See also Congressional Budget Office
Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), 93, 143, 144
bureaucracy: as the focal point of blame, article addressing, 44–45
information on, sources of, 146
partisanship producing, 15
and the public, 45–46
scientific efficiency and, 23, 25
views on, 2, 11, 45, 120. See also Fourth Branch
Bureaucracy: What Government Agencies Do and Why They Do It (Wilson), 146
“Bureaucrat’s Life: Cushy Like No Other” (Forbes), 32
“burrowing,” 22
C
Cambodia, breakdown of society in, 125
campaign/political contributions: careerism and, 95
dark money in, issues with, 91–92
influence of, 88–89
rise in, 90
top, 87–88
from the very wealthy, 90–91
careerism, addressing, 94–95
Carter administration, 31
Casey, Bob, 87
Catholics, as targets, 65
CBS news, 103
Census Bureau, 144
Center for Responsive Politics, 144
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 104–105, 140n33
Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), 19, 39, 114
Chamber of Commerce, 87
Charlottesville rally, 54
checks and balances: ignoring, example of, 28
system of, 17, 109, 110–111, 112
Chicago (magazine), 78
Chicago, McDonald v., 107
Chicago Tribune, 79
China, breakdown of society in, 125
Cillizza, Chris, 90
Cipollone, Antonio, 102
Cipollone trial, 102–103
Citizens United (nonprofit organization), 90
Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission, 89–90, 91
Civil Service Commission, 16
civil service system: branch of government associated with, 8
concept and operation of, 11–12
false assertions about, dispelling, 21–22
guardian role fulfilled by members of, 73
jobs in, classifications of, 19–20
as the modern model for all levels of public servants, 11, 18
pay schedules in, 20–21
public health professionals in, 102
regulation of, 20
Clement, Joel, 114–115
climate change, dangers of, whistleblower on, retaliation against, 114–115
Clinton, Hillary, 64
cloture, motion of, 111
Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), 117, 118
coequal branches of government, 8, 17, 110. See also Executive Branch; Judicial Branch; Legislative Branch
Cold War, 24
Comet Ping Pong, 64
Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC), 119–120
common ground, finding, 126
common man, rights of, 14
communication vacuum, 75, 76, 77, 81
community: fight for, 78–79, 80–81
guardians of, 73, 78, 108, 109
need for, 74
sense of, significance of, 53, 55, 59
working with government to achieve change, 101, 109
community buy-in, benefits of, 72
community member, personal experiences as a police officer and, 48–53, 55–59
community organizers, 80
community policing: defined, 4
need for, example of, 74–77, 78, 80–81
understanding the Fourth Branch by comparing to, 9
competence: importance of, legitimacy and, 67, 124
need for, acknowledgment of, 119, 124
professionals possessing, 119
raising, above partisanship, 17. See also subject-matter experts
competence-based argument, 119
Competitive Examining, 20
competitive service: agencies hiring in, 20
described, 19
Concord Coalition, warning released by, 96–97
Confederate flag, meaning of, as a symbol, 54–55
Congress: and agency regulations, 20
attacks on the CBO, 96–97
and civil service reform, 16
delegating authority to create regulation, 118
factual reference resource for, 84
and federal unions, 21
and the First Amendment, 88
and the government shutdown, 27, 44
and IRCs, 120
lack of authority over presidential terminations, 13
lobbying contributions for, 87–88
powers granted to, by the Constitution, 12
scapegoat for, 45
and the system of checks and balances, 110, 112
and the tobacco industry, 103–104. See also House of Representatives; Legislative Branch; Senate
Congressional Budget and Impoundment Control Act, 85
Congressional Budget Office (CBO): attacks on, 96–97
independence and credibility of, supporting, 97
report on the government shutdown, 39–40
as a resource, 143–144
study of worker compensation by, findings from, 93–94
Congressional Research Service (CRS), 84–85, 104, 113
Conn, Steven, 145
conspiracy theories: resurgence of, 63–65
self-serving, steering clear of, demanding, 66
conspiracy theorists, 63
Constitution: adherence to principles derived from, 23, 25
advise and consent role assigned by, 83
analogy for the branches of, 59–60
Article II, Section 2, 11–12, 13
Article III, 123
authority and law of, 12
Bill of Rights, 88
branches of government established by, 8, 110
First Amendment, 88, 89, 90, 91
Fourteenth Amendment, 106
pillar of, 26
Second Amendment, 106, 107, 108
and separation of powers, 8, 17, 88, 110, 118
system of checks and balances mandated by, 17, 110, 111, 112
Constitutional State, as a misleading name, 93
Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, 39
consumer movement, 100–101
Consumer Price Index, 144
Consumer Reports (magazine/website), 101
Consumers Union, 101
contract employees. See private government contractors
Conway, Kellyanne, 65
Coolidge, Calvin, 100
corporate personhood, theory of, 89–90
corporations: constitutional protections afforded to, 89–90
large, wealth and power of, 91
Council of Economic Advisers, 40
Cox, J. David, 21
Crews, Clyde Wayne, 121
Cultural Revolution, 125
Current Population Survey, 143
customer touchpoints, 68–69, 70, 82
Customs and Border Protection (CBP), 35
D
dark money, 91–92
data and analysis, fact-based, agencies providing. See fact-finding agencies
Deal, John, 31–32
Deep State: conspiracy theories about, 64
views on, 2, 11, 18, 33–34, 46, 93, 120, 126. See also Fourth Branch
delegitimization, 2. See also legitimation crisis
delusions. See fantasy
democracy: and conscience, 92
elections in, intended essence of, 92
fact-based truth essential to, 65
foundational words associated with, 61
genius of, 110
majority deserving of, 126
moderation designed into, 112
necessary foundation of, 126
original cornerstones of, 88
paradoxes of, 86
participatory, increasing, 14
self-inflicted assaults on, 124
Democracy in America (Tocqueville), 86
Democratic (blue) states, 22, 32
Democratic Senatorial Campaign Committee, 87
Democrats: assumptions about, 34–35
conspiracy theories about, 63, 64
divide separating, from Republicans, 7
and presidential court nominations, 17, 111
trust in government among, 62–63
demographic differences, width of, compared to partisan gap, 7–8
deregulation: call for, 31
promotion of, 116
Devine, Thomas, 115
digital technology, pervasiveness of, issue involving, 124, 127
“Dissent Channel” messaging network, 115
District of Columbia v. Heller, 107
“Donald Trump Is Trying to Kill You: Trust the Pork Producers; Fear the Wind Turbines” (Krugman), 116
donor lists, 91
donors, wealthy, 90–91
E
economic data, sources of, 143, 144
economic polls, 145
educational level, compensation and, 93–94
efficiency, scientific, 23, 24, 25
Eisenhower, Dwight D., 16
elected government officials. See Executive Branch; Legislative Branch
elections: campaign laws and dark money in, issues surrounding, 91–92
conspiracy theories and, 64
data on, source of, 144
political expenditures during, rise in, 90
Emanuel AME Church massacre, 54, 105
Emergency Disaster Services (EDS), 29–30
empathy, importance of, 71, 81
employment data, source of, 143
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), 37, 39
ethics, code of, 115
Executive Branch: agencies operating under, 20, 84, 118, 119
assertions by, about Fourth Branch partisanship, countering, 21–22
creation of, and members, 8
delegation of authority/power to, issue of, 118, 119
employees of, 13
and the government shutdown, 28, 39
interface between other branches of government and, 59–60
moderating, need for, 112
processes of, costly phase of, 98
relationship of, to its fact-finding agencies, 95–96
rule making by agencies of, standing procedures for, 118–119
and the system of checks and balances, 110, 112. See also presidents
Executive Office of the President, 39
executive orders, 16, 20, 21, 110, 115
expertise, raising, above partisanship, 17. See also subject-matter experts
extremism, 63, 112, 116, 124, 125, 126, 127
F
“Fact Checker” newspaper column, 65
fact-based truth, assault on, 2, 65, 84, 93, 124, 125
fact-finding agencies: denigrating, example of, 96–97
key, described, 84–86
obligations and responsibilities of, 113
relationship of, to the elected branches, 95–96
as sources of data and analyses, 143–144
and tobacco industry regulation, 104. See also subject-matter experts; specific agencies
described, 92–93
finding, sources for, 143–146
losing grip on, impact of, 124–125
moderating effect of, 125
money’s limited influence over, 92
fairness: ensuring, in the private sector, means of, 116
procedural justice and, 69, 70
“fake news,” 84
Federal Aviation Administration, 35
Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), 9, 19, 35, 42
Federal Communications Commission (FCC), 39, 102, 104, 119
federal courts: and administrative law, 123
nominees to, partisanship and, 17, 112
and separation of powers, 118
tobacco industry lawsuits in, 102–103, 104
Federal Election Commission, Citizens United v., 89–90, 91
federal government: branches of, establishment of, 8, 39
classification of workers hired by, 19–20
cultivating doubt about legitimacy of, issue with, 65
fidelity in, 24
pillar of, 26
principles and priorities of, source of, 23
resilience and viability of, evidence of, 10
tobacco industry legislation in, 103
trust in, levels of, 62–63. See also Executive Branch; Fourth Branch; Judicial Branch; Legislative Branch; specific aspects of the federal government
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, 144
Federal Reserve Economic Data (FRED), 144
Federal Salary Council, 94
Federal Wage System, 21
Federalist Society, 120
Federalists, 17
Fields, James Alex, Jr., 54
Final Report of the President’s Task Force on 21st Century Policing, 72
First Amendment, 88, 89, 90, 91
first responders: branch of government associated with, 8
guardian role fulfilled by, 73
need for, 67. See also law enforcement
FiveThirtyEight, 145
Flanagan, Vester Lee, 105
Food and Drug Administration (FDA), 35, 36, 41, 43, 100
food and drug industry: and the consumer movement, 100–101
regulation of, 99, 100, 116–117
Food and Nutrition Services, 41
Forbes (magazine), 32
Forbes, Steve, 32
Foreign Service Officers, 115
Founding Fathers (framers), 12, 13, 110, 111, 112, 124, 146
4chan (Internet forum), 64
Fourteenth Amendment, 106
Fourth Branch: advise and consent aspect to, 113
authority over, 13
as a check on partisanship, 17
coexistence of, with the other three branches, 13
and coordinated efforts against special interests, 101
creation of, origins of, 11–12
destructive attitudes towards, 21–22
employment in, boom time for, 15
existence of, acknowledging, 8–10
federal portion of, size of, 92
funding of, 98
growth of, and partisanship, 15–16
heritage of, 116
information on, sources of, 145–146
as the interface between other branches of government, 59–60
key virtue of, mindset threatening to compromise, 46
legitimacy of, acknowledging, 114, 124
metaphor for, 59
objective implementation by, importance of, 18
obligations and responsibilities of, 113
pivotal role of, in tobacco industry regulation, 104
political appointees in, 19
profession that is a microcosm and model for, 59
protections for nonpartisan nature of, 21
role/function of, 9, 13, 59, 60, 109
spirit of, agencies most fully embodying, 86
suboptimization and, 95
understanding, by comparing to community policing, 9
want ads of, 36, 37. See also public servants
Fox News, 34
framers of the Constitution. See Founding Fathers
free speech, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92
Freedom Caucus, 44
FreedomWorks, 117
Freemasons, as targets, 64
fringe movement, 126
G
Gallup polls/surveys, 32, 62–63, 145
Gardner, Vicki, 105
General Accountability Office (GAO). See Government Accountability Office
General Schedule (GS) pay grades, 20–21
General Services Administration (GSA), 8, 36–37, 39
Germany, breakdown of society in, 125
Goeden, Chad, 72–73
governance system, current, flaw in, 46
government: community working with, to achieve change, 101
customer touchpoints for, 68–69, 70, 82
democratic, meaning of, 92
divided, advocate of, 88
erosion of the legitimacy of, 69
faith in, losing, 8
functions of, effectively implementing, impact of, 81
general expectations of, 67
judgments made about legitimacy of, 67
laissez-faire, critique of, 45
optimal functioning of, supporting, call for, 45
politics and, role of community in, 79
as the problem, labeling, 30–31
promises of, delivering on, analogies for, 67–68
respect for, gaining, 72. See also big government; federal government; small government; specific government entities
Government Accountability Office (GAO), 84, 85, 113
Government Accountability Project (advocacy group), 115
government jobs: access to, partisanship influencing, 15–16
security criteria for, 16
sexual orientation and, 16
states with highest concentration of, 22, 32, 35
views on, 32, 35. See also pay grades/salaries
government regulation: catalysts of, 99, 116
cost-benefit analysis of, considering, need for, 121
creating, authority for, delegating, 118–120, 122, 123
critics of, views held by, 120, 124
enforcement actions and sanctions in, legal structures for, 122–123
expansion of, 99–100
of the food and drug industry, 99, 100, 116–117
of the gun industry, 104–109
mission of, 117
poorly designed, 117, 120–121, 121
professionals of, 113
reported costs associated with, 121
rise in, 99
sensible and evidence-based, benefits of, 121
of the tobacco industry, 101–104
violation of, as a crime, 117, 118
Government Regulation: The Good, the Bad, & the Ugly (Regulatory Transparency Project), 120
government shutdown (2018–2019): catastrophes avoided during, 43
consequences of, personal stories reflecting, 27, 28–30, 31–32, 37–38
economic impact of, report on, 39–40
hyperpartisanship resulting in, 2
number of workers impacted, 29, 39
reasons for, 27–28
revelations from, 46–47
scope of, 39
services affected during, and public impact, 41–43
support shown for public workers during, 29, 30
total cost of, 40
Trump administration response to, 31–32
victims of, 19
workforce revealed by, 35–36
government spending: impact of the shutdown on, 40
reducing, call for, 31
government workers. See public servants
Grant, Ulysses S., 16
Great American Smokeout, 102
Great Depression, 100
gross domestic product (GDP): impact of the shutdown on, 40
ratio of debt to, data on, source of, 144
Guardian (newspaper), 31
guardian mindset, 72–74, 78, 93
guardians, 73, 74, 78, 93, 108, 109, 112, 126
gun control: basis for, 108
blocking, efforts in, 106, 107, 140n33
calls for, 105
gun lobby, 86–87, 104, 107, 108, 140n33
gun violence: community response to, 74–79, 80–81, 108
media coverage of, 105
number of homicides from, statistics on, 104
research on, limits on, 140n33
H
Habermas, Jürgen, 62
Harding, Warren G., 99–100
Hatch Act, 22
hate crimes, resurgence of, 54
Health and Human Services Department, 39
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA), 106–107
Heller, District of Columbia v., 107
Heyer, Heather, 54
Hinckley, John, Jr., 105
historical budget tables, source of, 144
History of Standard Oil (Tarbell), 99
Hitler, Adolph, 24
Homeland Security Department, 27, 39, 42
Hoover, Herbert, 100
House of Representatives: CBO funding and appropriations by, 97
and the government shutdown, 28, 44
and the system of checks and balances, 111, 112. See also specific representatives
Housing and Urban Development Department, 39
Hughes, Doug, 5
hyperpartisanship: problem with, 1–2
recent, 7
I
illegitimacy narrative, creating and reinforcing, 61–62, 63, 65. See also legitimation crisis
immigrants, as targets, 65
Immigration Enforcement (ICE), 42
implementation, 9, 18, 81, 83, 98
independent agencies, 14, 20, 39, 119
independent regulatory commissions (IRCs), 119–120
Indian Removal Act, 14
inflation data, sources of, 143
Infowars, 63
inspector general role, example of, 114
intelligence agencies, 19, 114
Intelligence Community Inspector General (IC IG), 114
Interior Department, 39, 114–115
Internal Revenue Service (IRS), 41, 43
International Association of Chiefs of Police, 53
Italy, under Mussolini, 24
J
J. W. Hampton, Jr. & Company v. United States, 118
Jackson, Andrew, 14–15, 86, 87
Jefferson, Thomas, 111
Jeffersonians, 17
Johnson, Lyndon, 73
Jones, Alex, 63
Jordan, Jim, 44
Judicial Branch: and administrative law, 109, 122–123
agencies operating under, 20
creation of, and members, 8
delegation of authority/power by, issue of, 123
and the government shutdown, 39, 42
and gun control, 107
as increasingly politicized, 17
interface between other branches of government and, 59–60
and the system of checks and balances, 110. See also federal courts; Supreme Court
judicial decisions, influence over, 18
Jungle, The (Sinclair), 99, 100, 101, 117
justice: procedural, 69–72
theory of, 69
justice system: respect for, gaining, 72
and tobacco industry regulation, 104. See also federal courts; law enforcement; Supreme Court
K
Karni, Annie, 33
Kennedy, John F., 73
Khmer Rouge, 125
Kostrab, Jessica, 38
Krugman, Paul, 116
L
Labor Department, 143
laissez-faire government, critique of, 45
Las Vegas mass shooting, 105
law: administrative, 109, 122–123, 124
authority conferred by, 6, 62, 66, 71
deference to, willingness for, 67, 71
and equal protection, 106
force of, rules and regulations created with, 118–119, 120, 122
and the government shutdown, 27
gun control, 106
IRCs governed by, 120
originating, 12
rule of, erosion of, 69
and the theory of justice, 69. See also specific laws
law enforcement: authority of, public belief about, 66
career in, example of, 2–4
culture in, addressing, 72
dialogue between community and, need for, 75
earning legitimacy in, 69–72
essential principle for, and related formula, 6
failure of, reasons for, 60
glue holding together, 53, 55, 59
and the government shutdown, 42
judgments made about, 66–67
as key customer touchpoints, 68–69, 70
and mental illness, 125
as a microcosm and model, 59
militarization of, problem with, 72, 73
mindset needed for, 72–73
need for, 67
Peel’s saying about, 6, 36, 108
and perceptions of legitimacy, 66
procedural justice in, 69–72
salaries in, 93
significance of legitimacy in, 6, 62, 66–67
successful, essential quality for, 60, 71–72
training in, 73
trust in, impact of lies on, 75
“white shirts” in, failure of, example of, 76–77
working in, as a member of the community, personal experiences of, 48–53, 55–59. See also community policing
law-interpreting branch. See Judicial Branch
lawmaking branch. See Legislative Branch
legislation: agency-generated, template for, 118
influence over, 18, 87, 107, 108, 109
Legislative Branch: and administrative law, 109, 123
agencies operating under, 20, 84, 85–86
assertions by, about Fourth Branch partisanship, countering, 21–22
creation of, and members, 8
delegation of authority/power by, issue of, 118, 119, 122, 123
and the government shutdown, 28
interface between other branches of government and, 59–60
moderating, need for, 112
processes of, costly phase of, 98
relationship of, to its fact-finding agencies, 95–96. See also Congress
legitimacy: basic requirements for earning, 66–68
earning, from the public, means of, 69–71, 78, 79, 81, 82, 126
erosion of, 69
failing to earn, at customer touchpoints, 68–69
fixated on, 61–62
of the Fourth Branch, acknowledging, 114, 124
of government, cultivating doubt about, issue with, 65
in law enforcement, significance of, 62
linking procedural justice with, 69–72
meaning of, 63
mindset needed for, 72–74
most basic principle of, 81, 82
need for, 66, 71–72, 74–79, 81
restoring, actions for, 66
zero-sum version of building, 63
legitimation crisis, 2, 62–65, 69, 81, 83–84
Levin, Mark, 34
Library of Congress, 84
lies: impact of, on trust in law enforcement, 75
self-serving, steering clear of, demanding, 66
truth and, distinguishing between, lack of, 65
volume of, effect of, 127
Liggett Group, 102
lobbying: American origins of, 86–87, 104
data on, source of, 144
gun, 86–87, 104, 106, 107, 108
rise of, extent of, 87–88
rooted in the First Amendment, 88
sophistication of, and campaign cash, 88–89
tobacco, 104
local government: members of, branch of government associated with, 8
tobacco industry legislation in, 103
Manasseh, Tamar, 74–79, 80–81, 82, 108
Marcy, William L., 15
Marie Antoinette, 33
McCain, John, 80
McClure’s Magazine, 99
McDonald v. Chicago, 107
Meadows, Mark, 44
Meat Inspection Act, 99
media: broadcast, distortion in, 2
coverage of gun violence, 105
illegitimacy narrative in, 61–62, 63
involvement of, in tobacco industry regulation, 103, 104, 107. See also social media; specific media outlets
Meet the Press (television program), 65
mental illness: gun control and, 105, 106, 107
losing grip on fact, truth, and reality in, 124–125
Merit Systems Protection Board, 115
military: conspiracy theories about, 63
and the government shutdown, 42
militias, viability of, addressing, 107, 108, 109
inherent, democracy designed for, 112
recovering, need for, 125–126
restored by, 127
yielding of, 112
money trail, following, 143
monopolies, 99
moral norms, attack on, 64
moral obligation, 108
moral vacuum, result of, 124
morally justified actions, public’s belief in, 67
Mothers Against Senseless Killings (MASK), 78
Motives and Incentives in Cigarette Smoking (Philip Morris Research Center report), 102
Muslim ban, 115
Mussolini, Benito, 24
mutual respect, 57, 58, 59, 60
N
National Association of Realtors, 87
national community: breakdown in, feeling of, 8
great, need for, 74
restoration of, agents of, 10
national debt: data on, source of, 144
unsustainable, creating, role in, 95
National Instant Criminal Background Check System (NICS), 106, 107
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 9
National Organization of Black Law Enforcement Executives (NOBLE), 4, 53
National Park Service, 35, 38, 43
National Republican Congressional Committee, 88
National Republican Senatorial Committee, 87–88
National Rifle Association (NRA), 106, 107, 108, 140n33
National Security Agency (NSA), 19, 114
National Settlement Proposal, 104
National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB), 39
Navajos, 41
Nazi Germany, 125
Nazi swastika, 54
neighborhood communities: great, need for, 74
policing in, legitimacy of, need for, example of, 74–78, 80–81
rebuilding and restoring, example of, 78–79, 81
New Deal, 25
“New Personal Devil—Bureaucracy” (Outland), 44–45
New Republic (magazine), 44
New York Times, 33, 35, 37, 38, 116
New Yorker (magazine), 62
NICS Improvement Amendments Act, 106
Nixon/Ford administrations, 31
nondelegation doctrine, 118
noninterference, areas of, 88
nonprofit sector: and the Citizens United decision, 90, 91
involvement of, in regulation, 101, 102, 104
Northern Ireland, breakdown of society in, 125
“nuclear option,” 111
Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC), 39
Nwanevu, Osita, 62
O
Obama, Barack, 4, 7, 34, 72, 73, 80, 111, 115
objectivity and neutrality: obligation of, 113
wanting evidence of, 70–71
Occupational Outlook Handbook (BLS), 93
Office of Management and Budget (OMB), 144
Oklahoma City bombing, 63
100,000,000 Guinea Pigs: Dangers in Everyday Foods, Drugs, and Cosmetics (Kallet & Schlink), 100, 101
openness and transparency, 71, 72
OpenSecrets, 144
Outland, George E., 44–45
P
Palin, Sarah, 80
Parker, Alison, 105
Parker, Andy, 105
Parkland, 105
partisan gap: deep, moderating force for, 112
and trust in government, 62–63
width of, growth in, 7–8
partisanship: attempts to cripple the CBO and the impact on, 97
careerism and, 95
long history of, 17
raising expertise and competence above, 17
role of, in access to government jobs, 15–16
self-serving, free from, 10
wrong mindset about public servants and, 46
partnerships, multiple, required for regulation, 101, 104, 107, 109
patient privacy rights, 106–107
pay grades/salaries, 20–21, 29, 32, 36, 37, 93–94
Peel, Robert, 6, 9, 36, 45, 46–47, 108
Pence, Mike, 32
Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act, 16, 18
Pentagon, 42
person-to-person relationships, ability to create, 60
Peterson, Peter George, 96
Pharmaceutical Research & Manufacturers of America, 87
Philip Morris Research Center, 102
police brutality, 71
Police Executive Research Forum (PERF), 66
police officers/policing. See community policing; law enforcement
policies: implementation of, 9, 18, 83, 98
influence over, 13, 18, 39, 83, 85
and programs, costs associated with, 98
proposed, objective measure and analysis of, importance of, 98
policymaking: objective, assault on, 96–97
special interests in, 86
policymaking branch. See Executive Branch
political action committees (PACs), 89, 91
political contributions. See campaign/political contributions
political divide. See partisan gap; partisanship
political parties: formation of, structure predating, 88
influence of, warning about, 1
limits on contributions to, 89. See also Democrats; Republicans
political polls, 7, 32, 62–63, 145
politicians: data on, source of, 144
meaningful connection with, desire for, 80
in the original sense of the word, 80
views on, 79
politics: maxim about, 78, 79, 82
origin of, and original sense of the word, 80
pork barrel, 98
as a term, meaning of, 79
Politiká (Aristotle), 80
polls/surveys, 7, 32, 62–63, 145
population statistics, sources of, 143, 144
pork barrel politics, 98
power: versus authority, 6
granted to Congress, by the Constitution, 12
judicial, delegation of, 123
legislative, delegation of, 118, 119, 122, 123
money and, 90–91
presidential, 11–12, 15, 16, 110, 112
separation of, 8, 17, 88, 110, 118
veto, 110
power company comparison, 67–68
presidents: appointments/nominees of, 13, 15, 17, 22, 83, 102, 110, 111, 112, 120
approval ratings, 145
office of, 39
powers/authority of, 11–12, 13, 15, 16, 110, 112. See also Executive Branch; executive orders; specific presidents
Privacy Rule, 106–107
private government contractors: employees of, branch of government associated with, 8
and the government shutdown, 19, 37–38, 40
number of, 129n6
variety of work performed by, 37
private sector: compensation in, versus public sector, 93–94
ensuring fairness, safety, and accountability in, 116
fidelity in, 24
regulating, catalyst for, 99. See also corporations; specific private entities
privatization, shift toward, desire for, 31
procedural justice: benefits of, 71–72
failure to provide, result of, 72
key dimensions of, 70–71
meaning of, 69
propaganda, substituting, for truth, 65
Public Health Service, 102, 104
public opinion polls/rankings, 7, 32, 62–63, 145
public sector: compensation in, versus private sector, 93–94
fidelity in, 24. See also government; specific public entities
public servants: assumptions about, 34–35
dedication of, 43
discrediting the motives of, purpose behind, 93
employment of, modern model for all levels of, 11, 18
as guardians, 73, 74, 93, 108, 126
immunity of, from dark money, 92
jobs held by, classifications of, 19–20
long career as, example of, 2–4
mission of, belief in, 26
as nonpartisan professionals, 9, 19, 46, 84, 85, 93, 126
politicizing, 2
as the public, 36, 37, 45–46, 47, 48, 108
role/function of, 9–10, 13, 38, 81, 83
states with highest concentration of, 22, 32, 35
treated as pawns and hostages, 46
types of, 8
unpaid, community members as, example of, 81. See also civil service system; first responders; Fourth Branch; private government contractors; subject-matter experts
public service, essence of, profession that distills, 59
public voice, wanting, 70
Pure Food and Drug Act, 99, 116–117
Pye, Jason, 117
Q
quid pro quo, 15
Reagan, Ronald, 30–31, 73, 105, 116
Reagan Republicans, 31
reality: assault on, 2, 65, 84, 93, 124
desire to engage with, 126
losing grip on, impact of, 124–125
respect for, importance of, 126
Rebel imagery, significance of, 54–55
red (Republican) states, 22, 32, 35
reform movement, 16, 18, 84, 86, 116
regulatory capture, 100
regulatory movement, 99–100
Regulatory State: expansion of, 99–100
launching of, 116. See also government regulation
Regulatory Transparency Project, 120–121
Reid, Harry, 111
relationships: basing, on common ground, 126
person-to-person, ability to create, 60
Republican (red) states, 22, 32, 35
Republicans: divide separating, from Democrats, 7
and the government shutdown, 44
and gun control, 106
and presidential court nominations, 17, 111
Reagan, 31
trust in government among, 62–63
and whistleblower protections, 115
research agencies. See fact-finding agencies
respect: being treated with, desire for, 71, 81
broader, gaining, 72
for reality, importance of, 126
securing and maintaining, as essential, 6
for the truth, demanding, 66
rights and responsibilities, balancing, 108
Rise of the Warrior Cops (Balko), 73
Roll Call (newspaper/website), 61–62
Roosevelt, Franklin D., 23, 25, 73, 100
Roosevelt, Theodore, 73, 99, 116
Ross, Wilbur, 32–33
Rudman, Warren, 96
S
safety: desire for, 5
ensuring, in the private sector, means of, 116
government shutdown jeopardizing, 43. See also government regulation; law enforcement
Salvation Army, 29–30
Samuel, Bill, 35
Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting, 63, 105
Sarokin, Lee H., 102–103
scapegoat, 45
Schlink, Frederick, 100
Schultz, Karl L., 42–43
Schumer, Chuck, 44
science, silencing, example of, 114
scientific efficiency, 23, 24, 25
Second Amendment, 106, 107, 108
security agencies, 19
self-interest, decisions based on, 95–96, 100
self-policing, 72
Senate: advise and consent role of, 11, 12, 13, 83, 110, 113
analogy involving, 111
creation of, reason for, 111
and the government shutdown, 28
majority in, influence of, over court nominees, 17, 111
and the system of checks and balances, 110–111, 112
and whistleblower protections, 115. See also specific senators
Senior Executive Service (SES), 19, 21, 22
September 11, 2001 attacks, 63
sexual orientation, 16
shadow government, 120
60 Minutes (television program), 103
Small Business Administration (SBA), 43
small government: advocates of, 44–45
big government versus, debate over, 14, 145–146
Smith, Bob, 55
social media: and conspiracy theories, 64
distortion in, 2
pervasiveness of, issue involving, 124
streaming live video on, of police activity, 74–77, 81. See also Twitter/tweeting
society, breakdown of, examples of, 125
solicitor general, 104
Soviet Union, 24
special interests: careerism and, 95
era of, 86–87
existence of, acknowledging, 88
laws and legal decisions enabling, 89–91, 92
prevailing against, through coordinated efforts, 101, 104, 107
and regulatory capture, 100
suboptimization and, 95–98. See also lobbying
specialized public servants. See subject-matter experts
Spicer, Sean, 115
“stagflation,” 31
Standard & Poor’s credit rating agency, 40
“starve the beast” metaphor, 30, 31, 32
state courts: and administrative law, 123
tobacco industry lawsuits in, 103, 104
state government: creating rules and regulations in, model for, 122
members of, branch of government associated with, 8
tobacco industry legislation in, 103
subject-matter experts, 8–9, 13, 18, 74, 83, 84, 113, 119, 121, 122. See also fact-finding agencies
suboptimization, addressing, 95–98
Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP), 41
Supreme Court: and Citizens United, 90, 91
and delegation of authority/power, 118
and gun control, 107
nominees to, partisanship and, 17, 111, 112
politicizing of, 17
and presidential powers, 12
surgeon generals, 101–102, 104
synagogue shooting, 105
Syria, breakdown of society in, 125
T
Taft, William Howard, 99
“Tamar Manasseh: The Neighborhood Guardian” (Gibbs), 78
Tarbell, Ida, 99
Task Force on 21st Century Policing, 4, 6, 53, 72
tax cuts: call for, 31
consequences of, 30
Ten Thousand Commandments: An Annual Snapshot of the Federal Regulatory State (Crews), 121
termination authority/power, 13, 16
termination threats, 115
Tester, Jon, 87
Thucydides, 62
Time (magazine), 34
To Promote the General Welfare: The Case for Big Government (Conn), 145
tobacco industry, regulation of, 101–104
Tobacco Master Settlement Agreement, 104
Tocqueville, Alexis de, 86
Todd, Chuck, 65
Tojo, Hideki, 24
transparency and openness, 71, 72
Transportation Department, 39
Transportation Security Administration (TSA), 29, 35, 41–42, 43
Treasury Department, 39
Troubles, The, 125
Truman, Harry, 73
Trump, Donald: assault on reality by, 65
assumptions about federal workers, 35
and beliefs about the Deep State, 33, 34, 64
conspiracy theorists as supporters of, 64
fact-checking, 65
and the government shutdown, 27, 28, 32, 33, 44
hyperpartisanship under, 7
legitimacy of, fixation on, 61–62
Supreme Court nominees by, approval of, 111
Trump administration: chaos surrounding, views on, 112–113
deregulation efforts of, 116
response to the government shutdown, 32–33
“silent coup” against, belief in, 34
viewing, with trepidation, 74
and whistleblower protections, 115
trust: building, mindset needed for, 72
in federal government, levels of, 62–63
in law enforcement, impact of lies on, 75
trustworthiness, importance of, 67, 71
truth: desire for, 126
fact-based, assault on, 2, 65, 84, 93, 124, 125
losing grip on, impact of, 124–125
money’s limited influence over, 93
respect for, demanding, 66
restoring, 127
telling the, importance of, 126
Tsongas, Paul, 96
Twitter/tweeting, 27, 28, 29, 33, 34, 64, 74, 117, 127
tyranny: growth of, thwarting, means of, 110
projection of, 70
U
unclassified service, described, 19–20
unelected government workers. See Fourth Branch
unionization, 21, 34–35, 100–101
“Unite the Right” rally, 54
United States Code (USC), 117, 118
United States, J. W. Hampton, Jr. & Company v., 118
V
vaccines, conspiracy theories about, 63
Veterans Affairs Department, 20
veto power, 110
voice, public, wanting, 70
W
Waldo, Dwight, 22–24, 25, 26, 145–146
Wall Street Journal, 62
Ward, Adam, 105
Warne, Colston Estey, 101
warrior mindset, problem with, 72, 73
Washington, George, 1, 17, 73, 111
Washington Navy Yard, 105
Washington Post, 61, 65, 75, 90
wealthy donors, influence of, 90–91
Welch, Edgar M., 64
Wexton, Jennifer, 33
Whistleblower Protection Act, 113–114
Whistleblower Protection Enhancement Act, 115
white nationalists, 54
Wigand, Jeffrey, 103
Williams, George Henry, 16
Williams, Walter E., 146
Wilson, Charles Erwin, 68
Wilson, James Q., 146
Y
Yemen, breakdown of society in, 125
Z