After completing this chapter, you will be able to do the following:
Amortized cost.
IFRS and US GAAP treat investments in financial assets in a similar manner.
The following information relates to Questions 1–6
Cinnamon, Inc. is a diversified manufacturing company headquartered in the United Kingdom. It complies with IFRS. In 2009, Cinnamon held a 19 percent passive equity ownership interest in Cambridge Processing that was classified as available-for-sale. During the year, the value of this investment rose by £2 million. In December 2009, Cinnamon announced that it would be increasing its ownership interest to 50 percent effective 1 January 2010 through a cash purchase. Cinnamon and Cambridge have no intercompany transactions.
Peter Lubbock, an analyst following both Cinnamon and Cambridge, is curious how the increased stake will affect Cinnamon's consolidated financial statements. He asks Cinnamon's CFO how the company will account for the investment, and is told that the decision has not yet been made. Lubbock decides to use his existing forecasts for both companies' financial statements to compare the outcomes of alternative accounting treatments.
Lubbock assembles abbreviated financial statement data for Cinnamon (Exhibit 1) and Cambridge (Exhibit 2) for this purpose.
EXHIBIT 1 Selected Financial Statement Information for Cinnamon, Inc. (£ Millions)
Year ending 31 December | 2009 | 2010* |
Revenue | 1,400 | 1,575 |
Operating income | 126 | 142 |
Net income | 62 | 69 |
31 December | 2009 | 2010* |
Total assets | 1,170 | 1,317 |
Shareholders' equity | 616 | 685 |
*Estimates made prior to announcement of increased stake in Cambridge.
EXHIBIT 2 Selected Financial Statement Information for
Cambridge Processing (£ Millions)
Year ending 31 December | 2009 | 2010* |
Revenue | 1,000 | 1,100 |
Operating income | 80 | 88 |
Net income | 40 | 44 |
Dividends paid | 20 | 22 |
31 December | 2009 | 2010* |
Total assets | 800 | 836 |
Shareholders' equity | 440 | 462 |
*Estimates made prior to announcement of increased stake by Cinnamon.
The following information relates to Questions 7–12
Zimt, AG is a consumer products manufacturer headquartered in Austria. It complies with IFRS. In 2009, Zimt held a 10 percent passive stake in Oxbow Limited that was classified as held for trading securities. During the year, the value of this stake declined by 3 million. In December 2009, Zimt announced that it would be increasing its ownership to 50 percent effective 1 January 2010.
Franz Gelblum, an analyst following both Zimt and Oxbow, is curious how the increased stake will affect Zimt's consolidated financial statements. Because Gelblum is uncertain how the company will account for the increased stake, he uses his existing forecasts for both companies' financial statements to compare various alternative outcomes.
Gelblum gathers abbreviated financial statement data for Zimt (Exhibit 1) and Oxbow (Exhibit 2) for this purpose.
EXHIBIT 1 Selected Financial Statement Estimates for Zimt AG ( Millions)
Year ending 31 December | 2009 | 2010* |
Revenue | 1,500 | 1,700 |
Operating income | 135 | 153 |
Net income | 66 | 75 |
31 December | 2009 | 2010* |
Total assets | 1,254 | 1,421 |
Shareholders' equity | 660 | 735 |
*Estimates made prior to announcement of increased stake in Oxbow.
EXHIBIT 2 Selected Financial Statement Estimates for Oxbow Limited ( Millions)
Year ending 31 December | 2009 | 2010* |
Revenue | 1,200 | 1,350 |
Operating income | 120 | 135 |
Net income | 60 | 68 |
Dividends paid | 20 | 22 |
31 December | 2009 | 2010* |
Total assets | 1,200 | 1,283 |
Shareholders' equity | 660 | 706 |
*Estimates made prior to announcement of increased stake by Zimt.
The following information relates to Questions 13–18
Burton Howard, CFA, is an equity analyst with Maplewood Securities. Howard is preparing a research report on Confabulated Materials, SA, a publicly traded company based in France that complies with IFRS. As part of his analysis, Howard has assembled data gathered from the financial statement footnotes of Confabulated's 2009 Annual Report and from discussions with company management. Howard is concerned about the effect of this information on Confabulated's future earnings.
Information about Confabulated's investment portfolio for the years ended 31 December 2008 and 2009 is presented in Exhibit 1. As part of his research, Howard is considering the possible effect on reported income of Confabulated's accounting classification for fixed income investments.
EXHIBIT 1 Confabulated's Investment Portfolio ( Thousands)
Characteristic | Bugle AG | Cathay Corp | Dumas SA |
Classification | Available-for-sale | Held-to-maturity | Held-to-maturity |
Cost* | ![]() |
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Market value, 31 December 2008 | 29,000 | 38,000 | 54,000 |
Market value, 31 December 2009 | 28,000 | 37,000 | 55,000 |
*All securities were acquired at par value.
In addition, Confabulated's annual report discusses a transaction under which receivables were securitized through a special purpose entity (SPE) for Confabulated's benefit.
The following information relates to Questions 19–24
BetterCare Hospitals, Inc. operates a chain of hospitals throughout the United States. The company has been expanding by acquiring local hospitals. Its largest acquisition, that of Statewide Medical, was made in 2001 under the pooling of interests method. BetterCare complies with US GAAP.
BetterCare is currently forming a 50/50 joint venture with Supreme Healthcare under which the companies will share control of several hospitals. BetterCare plans to use the equity method to account for the joint venture. Supreme Healthcare complies with IFRS and will use the proportionate consolidation method to account for the joint venture.
Erik Ohalin is an equity analyst who covers both companies. He has estimated the joint venture's financial information for 2010 in order to prepare his estimates of each company's earnings and financial performance. This information is presented in Exhibit 1.
EXHIBIT 1 Selected Financial Statement Forecasts for Joint Venture ($ Millions)
Year ending 31 December | 2010 |
Revenue | 1,430 |
Operating income | 128 |
Net income | 62 |
31 December | 2010 |
Total assets | 1,500 |
Shareholders' equity | 740 |
Supreme Healthcare recently announced it had formed a special purpose entity through which it plans to sell up to $100 million of its accounts receivable. Supreme Healthcare has no voting interest in the SPE, but it is expected to absorb any losses that it may incur. Ohalin wants to estimate the impact this will have on Supreme Healthcare's consolidated financial statements.
The following information relates to Questions 25–30
Percy Byron, CFA, is an equity analyst with a UK-based investment firm. One firm Byron follows is NinMount PLC, a UK-based company. On 31 December 2008, NinMount paid £320 million to purchase a 50 percent stake in Boswell Company. The excess of the purchase price over the fair value of Boswell's net assets was attributable to previously unrecorded licenses. These licenses were estimated to have an economic life of six years. The fair value of Boswell's assets and liabilities other than licenses was equal to their recorded book values. NinMount and Boswell both use the pound sterling as their reporting currency and prepare their financial statements in accordance with IFRS.
Byron is concerned whether the investment should affect his “buy” rating on NinMount common stock. He knows NinMount could choose one of several accounting methods to report the results of its investment, but NinMount has not announced which method it will use. Byron forecasts that both companies' 2009 financial results (excluding any merger accounting adjustments) will be identical to those of 2008.
NinMount's and Boswell's condensed income statements for the year ended 31 December 2008, and condensed balance sheets at 31 December 2008, are presented in Exhibits 1 and 2, respectively.
EXHIBIT 1 NinMount PLC and Boswell Company Income Statements for the Year Ended 31 December 2008 (£ millions)
NinMount | Boswell | |
Net sales | 950 | 510 |
Cost of goods sold | (495) | (305) |
Selling expenses | (50) | (15) |
Administrative expenses | (136) | (49) |
Depreciation & amortization expense | (102) | (92) |
Interest expense | (42) | (32) |
Income before taxes | 125 | 17 |
Income tax expense | (50) | (7) |
Net income | 75 | 10 |
EXHIBIT 2 NinMount PLC and Boswell Company Balance Sheets at 31 December 2008 (£ millions)
NinMount | Boswell | |
Cash | 50 | 20 |
Receivables—net | 70 | 45 |
Inventory | 130 | 75 |
Total current assets | 250 | 140 |
Property, plant, & equipment—net | 1,570 | 930 |
Investment in Boswell | 320 | — |
Total assets | 2,140 | 1,070 |
Current liabilities | 110 | 90 |
Long-term debt | 600 | 400 |
Total liabilities | 710 | 490 |
Common stock | 850 | 535 |
Retained earnings | 580 | 45 |
Total equity | 1,430 | 580 |
Total liabilities and equity | 2,140 | 1,070 |
Note: Balance sheets reflect the purchase price paid by NinMount, but do not yet consider the impact of the accounting method choice.
18.118.31.11