Contents
1.1.1 Characteristics of Computers
1.3.1 First Generation (1940 to 1956): Vacuum Tubes
1.3.2 Second Generation (1956 to 1963): Transistors
1.3.3 Third Generation (1964 to Early 1970s): Integrated Circuits
1.3.4 Fourth Generation (Early 1970s to Till Date): Microprocessors
1.3.5 Fifth Generation (Present and Beyond): Artificial Intelligence
1.4 Classification of Computers
1.5.1 Components of a Computer System
1.5.2 How Does a Computer Work?
2. Computer Organization and Architecture
2.3 Communication among Various Units
2.3.1 Processor to Memory Communication
2.3.2 Processor—I/O Devices Communication
2.6.3 Comparing the CISC with RISC
2.8 Data Representation in Computers
2.8.2 Conversion between Number Bases
3. Computer Memory and Storage
3.5 RAM, ROM and CPU Interaction
3.6 Types of Secondary Storage Devices
3.7.1 Magnetic Tape Organization
3.7.2 Advantages of Magnetic Tapes
3.7.3 Disadvantages of Magnetic Tapes
3.8.1 Storage Organization of a Magnetic Disk
3.8.2 Accessing Data from Magnetic Disk
3.9.4 Advantages of Magnetic Disks
3.9.5 Disadvantages of Magnetic Disks
3.10.1 Storage Organization of Optical Disk
3.10.2 Access Mechanism of Optical Disk
3.11.4 Advantages of Optical Disks
3.11.5 Disadvantages of Optical Disks
3.12 Magneto-optical Storage Devices
3.13.2 External Hard Disk Drive
4.1.1 Importance of Input/Output Devices
4.2.7 Optical Character Recognition
4.2.8 Optical Mark Recognition
4.2.9 Magnetic-ink Character Recognition
4.3.3 Computer Output Microfilm
5.2 Operating System: Definition
5.3 Evolution of Operating System
5.4 Types of Operating Systems
5.5 Functions of an Operating System
6.3 Starting Windows XP Professional
6.6 Working with Files and Folders
6.8 Windows Help and Support Centre
6.10 System Utilities in Windows XP
7. Overview of Microsoft Windows 7
7.2 Different Editions of Windows 7
8. Information Technology Basics
8.2.1 Prerequisites of Information
8.4.1 Components of Information Technology
8.6 Role of Information Technology
8.6.1 Information Technology in Business
8.6.2 Information Technology in Manufacturing
8.6.3 Information Technology in Mobile Computing
8.6.4 Information Technology in Public Sector
8.6.5 Information Technology in Defence Services
8.6.6 Information Technology in Media
8.6.7 Information Technology in Education
8.6.8 Information Technology in Publication
8.7 Information Technology and the Internet
8.8 Careers in the IT Industry
9.3 Building Blocks of Multimedia
9.4.1 Desirable Features of Multimedia System
9.5.1 Multimedia and Education
9.5.2 Multimedia and Entertainment
9.5.5 Multimedia Interactive Kiosks
9.6.1 Characteristics of Virtual Reality
10. Computer Programming and Languages
10.1.2 Program Development Cycle
10.3.2 Guidelines for Preparing Flowcharts
10.3.4 Limitations of Flowcharts
10.4.1 Steps to Develop a Decision Table
10.4.2 Benefits of Decision Tables
10.4.3 Limitations of Decision Tables
10.5.3 Limitations of Pseudocode
10.6 Program Control Structures
10.6.1 Sequence Control Structure
10.6.2 Selection Control Structure
10.6.3 Repetition Control Structure
10.7.1 Unstructured Programming
10.7.3 Object-oriented Programming
10.8 Characteristics of a Good Program
10.9.1 Types of Programming Languages
10.10 Generations of Programming Languages
10.10.1 First Generation: Machine Language
10.10.2 Second Generation: Assembly Language
10.10.3 Third Generation: High-level Language
10.10.5 Fifth Generation: Very High-level Languages
10.11 Features of a Good Programming Language
11.2.1 Relationship between Software and Hardware
11.4 Installing and Uninstalling Software
11.5.1 Types of Software Piracy
11.5.2 Preventing Software Piracy
12. Introduction to Microsoft Office 2007
12.2 Introduction to Office 2007 User Interface
12.3 Microsoft Office Applications
12.3.1 Microsoft Office Word 2007
12.3.2 Microsoft Office Excel 2007
12.3.3 Microsoft Office Access 2007
12.3.4 Microsoft Office PowerPoint 2007
13. Microsoft Office Word 2003
13.2 Starting Microsoft Office Word 2003
13.2.1 Microsoft Word Environment
13.3 Working with Word 2003 Documents
13.3.1 Creating a New Document
13.3.2 Opening an Existing Document
13.3.4 Closing a Document and Exiting Microsoft Word
13.4.4 Aligning and Indenting Text
13.4.7 Using Cut, Copy, and Paste in Word
13.4.8 Finding and Replacing Text
13.5.2 Moving and Resizing Table
13.5.3 Formatting Text in Table
13.5.4 Adding and Deleting Rows and Columns
13.5.5 Converting Text to Table
13.5.6 Converting Table to Text
13.6 Checking Spelling and Grammar
13.6.1 Using the Auto Spell and Auto Grammar Features
13.6.2 Using Spelling and Grammar Dialog Box
13.6.3 Using AutoCorrect Options
13.6.4 Using Synonyms and Thesaurus
13.7 Adding Graphics to Document
13.8.1 Components of a Mail Merge
14. Microsoft Office Excel 2003
14.2 Starting Microsoft Office Excel 2003
14.2.1 Microsoft Excel Environment
14.3 Working with Excel Workbook
14.3.1 Creating an Excel Workbook
14.3.2 Opening an Existing Workbook
14.4.2 Navigating through Cells
14.4.3 Naming of a Range of Cells
14.4.5 Using Cut, Copy, and Paste in Excel
14.4.6 Finding and Replacing Cells
15. Microsoft Office PowerPoint 2003
15.2 Starting Microsoft Office PowerPoint 2003
15.2.1 Microsoft PowerPoint Environment
15.3 Working with PowerPoint 2003
15.3.1 Creating a New Presentation
15.4 Working with Different Views
15.5.1 Choosing Design Template
16. Data Communication and Computer Networks
16.2.1 Components of Data Communication
16.2.3 Analog and Digital Data Transmission
16.2.4 Data Communication Measurement
16.3.2 Unguided/Wireless Media
16.4.1 Amplitude Modulation (AM)
16.4.2 Frequency Modulation (FM)
16.5.2 Asynchronous and Synchronous Transmission
16.7.1 Types of Computer Networks
17.4 Getting Connected to the Internet
17.5.1 Electronic Mail (E-mail)
17.5.2 File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
17.5.4 Internet Relay Chat (IRC)
17.5.5 Chatting and Instant Messaging
17.5.8 Commerce through the Internet
17.5.10 Mailing Lists (Listserver)
18.2.2 Opening Internet Explorer
18.2.3 Internet Explorer Environment
18.3 Browsing Internet Using Internet Explorer
18.4.1 E-mail Address Structure
18.4.7 Advantages and Disadvantages of E-mail
18.5.1 Features of E-mail Client
18.5.2 Opening Outlook Express
18.5.4 Sending E-mails Using Outlook Express
18.5.5 Checking E-mails Using Outlook Express
18.5.6 Creating Newsgroup Account
18.7.2 Getting Started with Yahoo Messenger
18.7.3 Sending Instant Messages
19.2 Computer Security: Definition
19.3.2 Other Destructive Programs
19.3.3 Affecting Computer System
19.3.4 Protecting Computer System
19.4.1 Secret Key Cryptography
19.4.2 Public Key Cryptography
19.5.1 How Is Digital Signature Used?
19.7 User Identification and Authentication
19.9 Security Awareness and Policies
20.1.1 Data versus Information
20.4.3 Indexed Sequential Files
20.5 Database Management System
20.7.1 Hierarchical Database Model
20.7.3 Relational Database Model
20.7.4 Object-oriented Database Model
20.8.1 First Normal Form (1NF)
20.8.2 Second Normal Form (2NF)
20.8.3 Third Normal Form (3NF)
20.10 Data Warehousing and Data Mining
21. Structured Query Language (SQL)
21.1.1 Communicating with Database Using SQL
21.5 Querying Multiple Tables (SQL Joins)
21.5.1 Combining Queries Using UNION
21.6 Nesting Select Statements (Subquery)
22. Microsoft Office Access 2003
22.2 Starting Microsoft Office Access 2003
22.3 Working with Access Database
22.3.1 Creating and Saving a Database
22.3.3 Closing a Database and Exiting Microsoft Access
22.4 Microsoft Access Environment
22.5.1 Creating a Table in Design View
22.5.2 Creating a Table Using Wizard
22.5.3 Adding, Modifying, and Deleting Records
22.6.1 Creating a Simple Query Using Wizard
22.6.4 Using SQL in Microsoft Access
22.7.1 Creating a Form Using Wizard
22.8.1 Creating a Report Using Wizard
23 Current and Future Trends in IT
23.2 Electronic Commerce (E-Commerce)
23.2.2 Processes in E-Commerce
23.2.3 Types of Electronic Payment
23.2.4 Advantages of E-Commerce
23.2.5 Disadvantages of E-Commerce
23.3 Electronic Data Interchange (EDI)
23.4 Wireless Application Protocol (WAP)
23.6 Internet Prootcol Television (IPTV)
23.8 Radio Frequency Identification (RFID)
23.9 Brain Computer Interface (BCI)
24. Artificial Intelligence (AI)
24.2 Artificial Intelligence: Definition
24.3.4 Knowledge Representation
24.5 Natural Language Processing (NLP)
24.6.1 Characteristics of Expert System
24.6.2 Applications Areas of Expert System
24.6.3 Users in Expert Systems
24.6.4 Benefits of Expert Systems
24.6.5 Limitations of Expert Systems
24.7.1 Benefits of Neural Networks