Index

accepting casualties, 98–100

access, 75

actions

as interventions, 137–139

moral justification for, 114

and taking the heat, 142–145

adaptation to change, 119

adaptive work, 13–20, 30, 33. See also technical work

accepting casualties during, 98–100

acknowledging loss as part of, 92–95

on an individual level, 185–186

distinguishing from technical, 55–62

problems of, 200

providing context for, 104

versus technical, 108

affirmation, 169–176

Albom, Mitch, 220

alienation of constituents, 78

allies/alliances, 152. See also partners/partnerships

confusing confidants with, 199–204

creating, 81, 82

knowing others’, 84

versus lone warrior strategy, 199

relationships with, 89–90

risks of losing, 83–84

Amir, Yigal, 193

anchors, 179, 190, 205

anger, 141–146

apologizing, 77

Aristotle, 234

arrogance, 225–227

assassinations, 11, 42, 193

assumptions, challenging, 114

attacks. See also terrorism

personal, 40–45, 188–189, 191–192

physical, 41–42, 193

attention, 148, 154–159. See also focus

authority

compared to leadership, 25

during crises, 169–170

gaining, 123

going beyond your, 20–26, 153

lack of, 34–35, 152, 157–158

loss of benefits of, 187

marginalization of, 35–36

restoring order using, 113

risks of losing, 181–182

authority figures, 67–74

balcony metaphor, 53, 65–67, 135, 165

behavior, 95–98, 107, 108–109

Bennis, Warren, 40

betrayal, 31

blaming others, 90–92

Bork, Robert, 43

Both, Hennie, 105–107

boundaries, 182, 191

Bratton, William, 24

Briggs, Walter, 214

Bush, George H. W., 61–62

Bush, George W., 42, 113, 169

callousness, 225–227

capacity for reflection, 51

Carter, Jimmy, 135, 220–221

casualties, accepting, 98–100

challenges

adaptive, 13–20

identifying adaptive, 105–106

of leadership, 102

Chandler, Otis, 134

change

adaptation to, 119

adaptive, 13–20

generating significant, 96–98

mobilizing, 13

to norms, 231

respecting pain of, 146

sweeping, 117

willingness for, 92

character attacks, 43

Cheney, Dick, 42

civil rights movement, 26, 28, 38, 93, 147–148. See also King, Martin Luther, Jr.

Clinton, Bill

character of, 42–44, 192

credibility of, 152–153

going beyond boundaries by, 191

health care and, 148

health care reforms by, 117

hungers of, 177–180

philandering by, 194–195

physical condition of, 164

reelection of, 119

Clinton, Hillary, 43

clues, reading authority figures for, 67–74

Clymer, Adam, 42

collusion

with attackers, 45

with constituency, 88–89

with marginalizers, 35

unconscious, 172

commitment, signaling, 98–100

compassion, 227, 234–236

composure, keeping your, 44

compromising, 46–47

confidants versus allies, 199–204

confidence, loss of, 95–96

conflicts

controlling the temperature of, 107–116

creating a holding environment for, 102–107

pacing the work of, 116–120

persistence of, 61

personality, 124

placing at right location, 128–129

showing the future for, 120–122

types of, 101

“constituency problem,” 47

“Contract with America,” 118–119

control, hunger for, 166–169

controlling the temperature, 107–116

controversial issues, 142–145

corporate culture

changing, 106–107

diversity as mission of, 32–35

IBM’s changes to, 22–23

making changes to, 79–81

recognition of change by, 151–152

study of, 103–104

Coughlin, Father, 111

creating a holding environment, 102–107

credibility, 20, 146

gaining, 123

loss of, 153

crises

authority during, 169–170

as indicator of adaptive issues, 61

leadership during, 15–17

shifting attention during, 148–149

urgency generated by, 151

curiosity, 107, 232–234

cynicism, 225–227

Daley, Richard, 138

defeat, reasons for, 163–164

defending against attacks, 192

defense mechanisms, 45

demagogues, collusion with the grandiosity of, 172

denial, 154

dependency, fostering, 174

devaluation by “invisibility,” 52

Diallo, Amadou, 25

Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC), 174

disappointing your supporters, 46

disloyalty, 27, 29, 89

disorientation, 219–220

distress, experiencing, 227–228

diverting attention, 38–40, 44

doctors as leaders, 12

dysfunction, 14, 105–106

Ecuador crisis, 15–18, 63

effectiveness, loss of, 48

Eisenhower, Dwight D., 73, 118

embodying the issue, 37, 196, 197

emotional realities, 111–112, 116–117, 166. See also hungers

employees, showing the future to, 121–122

equilibrium, attempts to restore, 153–154

ethical issues, of pacing work, 119

exhaustion, 164

expectations, 20, 46, 127

externalizing issues, 127

Ferraro, Geraldine, 197–198

finding partners, 75–84

Flight 93 heroism, 168. See also September 11, 2001, attacks

focus. See also attention

on authority figures, 68

derailing your, 45

on issues, 154–159

loss of, 38

form, unimportance of, 218–223

Gates, Bill, 174

gender issues, 32–33

George, Bill, 211, 234

Gergen, David, 164

Gerstner, Lou, 23

Gingrich, Newt, 117–119, 178

Giuliani, Rudolph, 24, 94–95

Good Friday peace agreement, 46

Gore, Al, 113

grandiosity, 171, 172, 173

Greenberg, Hank, 214–216

Grossman, David, 21–23, 157, 209

Guinier, Lani, 43–44

habits, abandoning, 27–28

Haiman, Bob, 97

Hart, Gary, 194–195

Health, Education, and Welfare (HEW), U.S. Department of, 32–37

heat. See taking the heat

Heifetz, Milton, 217–218

heroism, 168, 208

Heschel, Abraham Joshua, 234

hierarchical structures, 3

holding environments, creating, 102–107

honesty with yourself, 234

Hoover, Herbert, 213

hostility, 88

hubris, 171

human enterprise, 210–211

hungers

for affirmation and importance, 169–176

for intimacy and sexual pleasure, 176–183

managing, 184–186

for power and control, 166–169

Hussein, Saddam, 61

Iacocca, Lee, 98

IBM, 21–23

“I Have a Dream” speech, 121, 159. See also civil rights movement; King, Martin Luther, Jr.

illusions, sustaining, 169

impeding progress, 54–55

importance, need for a sense of, 169–176

information, withholding, 119

initiative, 24, 152

innocence, 230–231

insatiability, 176

inspiration versus fear, 118–119

insubordination, 125–127

internal disagreements, 39–40

interpretations, 57, 66, 136–137

interventions, 134–139, 158–159

intimacy, 176–183, 185

invulnerability, 87

Iran-Contra affair, 25

issues

avoidance/denial of, 154

controversial, 142–145

crises as indicator of adaptive, 61

cultural, 60

embodying, 37, 196, 197

ethical, 119

externalizing/internalizing, 127

focusing on, 154–159

gender, 32–33

missing core, 63–64

nonroutine, 156–157

physical stress, 164

political, 168

ripening of, 146–154

Ivester, M. Douglas, 76–78

Jackson, Phil, 125–128, 209

Johnson, Lyndon, 37, 138, 148, 153

Jordan, Michael, 125–127

Julius Caesar (Shakespeare), 171

Kegan, Robert, 234

Kerasiotes, James, 167–168

King, Martin Luther, Jr. See also civil rights movement

agenda of, 38

assassination of, 193

“I Have a Dream” speech, 121

message sent by, 138

risk taking by, 151, 152, 159

seizing of the moment by, 149

King Lear (Shakespeare), 218

Kissinger, Henry, 181

Koedijk, Ruud, 103–107

Kohnstamm, Abby, 23

Landrey, Wilbur, 97

Laurie, Donald, 103

leadership

compared to authority, 25

dangers of, 11–13, 26–30, 227

exercising without authority, 153

myth of measurement and, 212–218

opportunities for, 236

reasons for, 208–212

Leadership Without Easy Answers (Heifetz), 5

learning, continuing, 225–226

Lehman, John, 155–156

Lewinsky, Monica, 179–180

Lewis, David, 155–156

Lieberman, Joseph, 198

limits of relationships, 103

line of fire, 132–134. See also taking the heat

listening, 64–67

lone warrior strategy, 199

losing heart, 226

loss

acknowledging, 92–95

of authority, 187

of confidence, 95–96

as heart of danger, 26–30

Louima, Abner, 24

love, 210–212

loyalty, 27–28, 84, 199

Mahoney, Miles, 66–67

Mahuad, Jamil, 15–18, 63, 230

maintaining innocence, 231–232

Marcos, Ferdinand, 173

marginalization, 32–37, 52

McNamara, Robert, 37

meaning, 208–209, 212–218

measurement, myth of, 212–218

meetings, style of, 106

messages, failing to hear, 66–67

metaphor

balcony, 53, 65–67, 135, 165

football, 90–92

musical, 165

military, control in, 168

minimizing opposition, 142

misrepresentations, 44, 45

missing the real concerns, 63–64

mistakes

letting your guard down, 202–203

reversing, 174

taking responsibility for, 90–92

modeling behavior, 95–98, 108–109

momentum, sustaining, 119

moral authority, 146

moral justification for actions, 114

Moses, Robert, 81–83

Muskie, Edmund, attacks on wife of, 45

myth of measurement, 212–218

Nagel, Ernst, 213

needs, 172, 177. See also hungers

Nehru, Jawaharlal, 54–55

Netanyahu, Benyamin, 11

neutralization, 57–58, 65

neutralizing your message, 40–41

New England Aquarium, 32–35

Nixon, Richard, 43, 138, 149–150

nonroutine issues, 156–157

North, Oliver, 25

observations, 52, 72–73, 135–136

observing from the balcony, 53–55, 64–67, 135, 165

O’Doherty, Hugh, 208

Odysseus, 179

Olsen, Ken, 174

O’Neill, Tip, 45

opportunities for leadership, 1–2

opposition, 81, 85–90, 142

pacing work, 116–120

parental roles, 195–196, 236

Parks, Rosa, 26

partners/partnerships, 75–84. See also allies/alliances

patience, 146–154

Patrick, John, 22, 23, 157, 209

Patterson, Gene, 96–98

Pentagon attack. See September 11, 2001, attacks

perseverance, 20

persistence of conflict, 61

personal attacks, 40–45, 188–189, 191–192

personality conflicts, 124

personalization, 37, 130

personal life, 185–186

Pertchuk, Michael, 87–88

physical attacks, 41–42, 193

physical stress issues, 164

Pinochet, Augusto, 112–113

Pippen, Scottie, 125–128

political thinking, 75–100

accepting casualties and, 98–100

accepting responsibility and, 90–92

acknowledging losses of others and, 92–95

finding partners and, 75–84

keeping the opposition close and, 85–90

modeling behavior and, 95–98

Powell, Pete, 173

power, 166–169, 181

Poynter, Nelson, 96–98

prejudice, 56–57

presidential election of 2000, U.S., 113

pressure, 58–59, 145

pride, 171, 214

problems

accepting responsibility for, 90–92

of adaptive work, 200

“constituency problem,” 47

of cooperation, 34

technical solutions for adaptive, 131

progress, impeding, 54–55

promotions, as diversions, 39

psychological needs. See hungers

psychological readiness, 146

purpose, having, 222

questions, 136, 158–159

Rabin, Yitzhak, 11, 42, 193–194, 209

realism, 225–227

reflection, capacity for, 51

rekindling sparks, 185–186

relationships. See also partners/partnerships

with allies and opponents, 89–90

limits of, 103

personal, 75

protecting, 203

sharing within, 84

renewal, 220–221

repression, 113

reputation, 56, 77

resistance, 30, 69

to adaptive work, 31

to change, 35–36

to learning, 175–176

respect for pain of change, 146

responsibility

accepting, 90–92

for mistakes, 97

taking the heat, 141–146

retirement, 222

Rice, Jerry, 221–222

Richardson, Elliot, 131

ripeness, 56, 146–154

risks

of drawing attention, 157

of leadership, 3

to life, 194

of losing authority, 181–182

Robinson, Jackie, 214–216

Robinson, Tony, 173

roles

becoming wedded to, 219

defense/protection of, 193–194

ending of, 195

parental, 195–196

playing your, 190

“special person,” 36

role-self distinction, 187–199, 219–220. See also anchors

Roosevelt, Franklin D., 110–112, 135

sacred heart, 227–230

sacrifices, 93–94, 98

Sadat, Anwar, 42

safeguarding leadership, 64–65

Sanchez, Ricardo, 121–122, 128–129

sanctuary, seeking, 204–206

Schachter-Shalomi, Zalman, 228–229

Schlesinger, Arthur, 112

Schlesinger, Len, 91, 92

scruples, 194–195

seduction, 45–48

Seduction of Joe Tynan, The (film), 188

seeking sanctuary, 204–206

Selecky, Mary, 142–145

self-care, 184–185

self-definitions, 27, 129–130, 180

self-knowledge, 164

self-protection, 222

self-reflection, 51, 204

September 11, 2001, attacks, 19–20, 94–95, 151, 168. See also terrorism

sexual dynamics, 181

sexual needs, 176–183

sexual pleasure, 176–183

shared dilemmas, 46–47

shouldering the work, 124–127

showing the future, 120–122

solutions, 207

destructive, 230

internalizing issues, 127

technical, for adaptive problems, 131

sources of meaning, 208–209

“special person” role, 36

Stanton, Elizabeth Cady, 189, 190, 191

Stemple, Rick, 217–218

stress

controlling the temperature and, 107–116

physical, 164

style, personal, 55–56

subordinate, seeing oneself as, 28

success, as downfall, 174

Sun Microsystems, 21–23

sustaining leadership, 73–74

taking the heat, 141–146. See also line of fire

technical work

versus adaptive, 14, 60, 108

challenges of, 33

distinguishing from adaptive, 55–62

temperature, controlling the, 107–116

temptations, managing, 180–181

tension, controlling, 109

terrorism, 151, 208. See also assassinations

September 11, 2001, attacks, 19–20, 94–95, 151, 168

thinking politically, 75

Thomas, Clarence, 43

Three Mile Island, 150–151

tokenism, 32–37

tolerance, 57, 108–109, 113

transitional rituals, 184–185

transitions of authority, 35–36

trust, gaining, 90–100

Tuesdays with Morrie (Albom), 220

Twelve Angry Men (film), 114–116, 142

unconscious collusion, 172

Unconscious Conspiracy, 40

undermining of authority, 35–36

understanding people, 62–64

unmanaged hunger, 179–180

U.S. Post Office strike, 149–150

U.S. presidential elections, 113

values

choosing, 30

sources of our, 29

transcendent, 109

verbal attacks, 42

Vietnam War, 37, 38, 138, 233

vulnerabilities. See also hungers

to attacks, 42–43, 79

experiencing, 229–230

personal, 119

Welch, Jack, 83, 195

Weld, William, 47, 124

Wexner, Leslie, 83, 91–92, 98

Willes, Mark, 132–134

Williams, Glenn, 34–35

women

and boundaries, 182–183

marginalization of, 32–33

rights of, 189–190

sexual dynamics and, 180–181

work

pacing the, 116–120

placing where it belongs, 127–134

shouldering the, 124–127

World Trade Center attacks. See September 11, 2001, attacks; terrorism

Yew, Lee Kuan, 54–55, 64

zealots, 170

Zone of Insatiability, 176