Notes
The Shackleton Saga
1. Roland Huntford, Shackleton (New York: Carroll & Graf, 1999), p. 365.
2. Ernest Shackleton, South: A Memoir of the Endurance Voyage (New York: Carroll & Graf, 1999), p. 2.
3. Stephen J. Pyne, The Ice: A Journey to Antarctica (New York: Ballantine, 1988), pp. 4–5.
4. Distances related to the Shackleton expedition are measured in nautical miles (a nautical mile equals 1.15 statute miles).
5. Alfred Lansing, Endurance: Shackleton’s Incredible Voyage (New York: Carroll & Graf, 1998), p. 23.
6. Shackleton, p. 4.
7. Ibid., p. 11.
8. Ibid., p. 34.
9. F. A. Worsley, Endurance: An Epic of Polar Adventure (New York: W. W. Norton & Co., 1999), p. 20.
10. Lansing, p. 60.
11. Ibid., p. 95.
12. Ibid., p. 116.
13. Ibid., p. 280.
Chapter 1: Vision and Quick Victories
1. Ernest Shackleton, South: A Memoir of the Endurance Voyage (New York: Carroll & Graf, 1999), p. 82.
2. Roland Huntford, Shackleton (New York: Carroll & Graf, 1999), p. 456.
3. Ibid., p. 455.
4. Ibid., p. 456.
5. Adam Brandenburger and Barry Nalebuff, “Inside Intel,” Harvard Business Review (November/December 1996), p. 168.
6. Don Clark, “Intel Chief Chips Away at Plan Beyond PCs,” Wall Street Journal (September 8, 2010), and Don Clark, “Intel, Seeking Edge on Rivals, Rethinks Its Building Blocks,” Wall Street Journal (May 4, 2011).
7. Huntford, p. 224.
8. Norman R. Augustine, “Managing the Crisis You Tried to Prevent,” Harvard Business Review (November/December 1995), p. 147, and Eileen Murray and Saundra Shohen, “Lessons from the Tylenol Tragedy on Surviving a Corporate Crisis,” Medical Marketing & Media 27, no. 2 (February 1992), p. 14.
9. Greg Brenneman, “Right Away and All at Once: How We Saved Continental,” Harvard Business Review (September/October 1998), p. 162.
10. Ibid.
11. “Continental Airlines Receives J. D. Power and Associates Award for Highest-Ranked Traditional Network Airline,” www.chron.com/news/article/PRN-Continental-Airlines-Receives-J-D-Power-1561332.php.
12. William Laird McKinlay, Karluk: The Great Untold Story of Arctic Exploration (New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1977), p. 30.
13. Margery and James Fisher, Shackleton and the Antarctic (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1958), p. 352.
14. Huntford, p. 390.
15. Ibid., p. 386.
16. Ibid.
17. Fisher, p. 339.
18. Ibid., p. 342.
19. Ibid., p. 356.
20. Huntford, p. 465.
21. J. P. Donlon, “The CEO’s CEO,” Chief Executive (July/August 1998), pp. 28–37.
22. Ibid.
23. Shackleton, p. 162.
Chapter 2: Symbolism and Personal Example
1. Alfred Lansing, Endurance: Shackleton’s Incredible Voyage (New York: Carroll & Graf, 1998), p. 64.
2. F. A. Worsley, Endurance: An Epic of Polar Adventure (New York: Jonathan Cape and Harrison Smith, 1931), p. 18.
3. Ibid., p. 19.
4. Ibid.
5. Ernest Shackleton, South: A Memoir of the Endurance Voyage (New York: Carroll & Graf, 1999), p. 77.
6. Arthur Laffer, “The Age of Prosperity Is Over,” Wall Street Journal (October 27, 2008).
7. “Survival of AIG: A Story of Long Odds,” Pittsburgh Tribune (February 13, 2011). http://www.pittsburghlive.com/x/pittsburghtrib/business/s_722637.html.
8. Speech by Mary Jane Fortin, August 25, 2009.
9. Ibid.
10. Shackleton, p. 83.
11. Worsley, p. 23.
12. Gordon Bethune, Worst to First (New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1998), p. 36.
13. Sir Ernest Shackleton, South (New York: The Macmillan Company, 1920), p. 135.
14. Quoted from Orde-Lees Diary, Roland Huntford, Shackleton (New York: Carroll & Graf, 1999), p. 511.
15. Philip Caputo, A Rumor of War (London: Arrow Books, 1981), pp. 91–92.
16. Robert F. Dennehy, “The Executive as Storyteller,” Management Review 88, no. 3 (March 1999), pp. 40–43.
Chapter 3: Optimism and Reality
1. F. A. Worsley, Endurance: An Epic of Polar Adventure (New York: W. W. Norton & Co., 1999), p. 53.
2. Roland Huntford, Shackleton (New York: Carroll & Graf, 1999), p. 217.
3. Ibid., p. 92.
4. Martin E. P. Seligman, Learned Optimism: How to Change Your Mind and Your Life (New York: Pocket Books, 1998), pp. 207–234.
5. Worsley, p. 6.
6. Ibid., p. 4.
7. Sir Ernest Shackleton, South (New York: The Macmillan Company, 1920), p. 121.
8. Huntford, p. 465.
9. Margery and James Fisher, Shackleton and the Antarctic (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1958), p. 359.
10. Worsley, p. 4.
11. Ibid., pp. 4–5.
12. Alfred Lansing, Endurance: Shackleton’s Incredible Voyage (New York: Carroll & Graf, 1998), p. 207.
13. Fisher, p. 372.
14. Lansing, p. 235.
15. Hal Lancaster, “Herb Kelleher Has One Main Strategy: Treat Employees Well,” Wall Street Journal (August 31, 1999), p. B1.
16. Piers Paul Read, Alive (New York: Avon Books, 1975), pp. 81–82.
17. The Chinese character is typically not interpreted in this way, with one symbol representing “danger” and the other “opportunity,” but both individual elements are embedded in the compound character. I appreciate the assistance of John Montanaro and Diana Ho in helping me with the interpretation of this figure.
18. Burke Davis, Marine! The Life of Chesty Puller (New York: Bantam, 1964), p. 267.
19. Allan R. Millett, Semper Fidelis: The History of the United States Marine Corps (New York: Free Press, 1991), p. 492.
20. Martin Russ, Breakout: The Chosin Reservoir Campaign, Korea 1950 (New York: Penguin, 1999), p. 62.
21. Ibid., p. 81.
22. Davis, pp. 280–281. There are variations of this famous quote from this colorful Marine officer.
23. Russ, p. 391.
24. Davis, p. 295.
25. Lansing, p. 105.
26. Patricia Sellers, “CEOs in Denial,” Fortune 139, no. 12 (June 21, 1999), p. 80.
27. Martha Lagace, “Ruthlessly Realistic: How CEOs Must Overcome Denial,” Harvard Business School Working Knowledge (March 29, 2010) (http://hbswk.hbs.edu) and Richard S. Tedlow, Denial: Why Business Leaders Fail to Look Facts in the Face—and What to Do About It (New York: Penguin, 2010).
28. Albert Rothenberg, M.D., “Janusian Thinking and Nobel Prize Laureates,” American Journal of Psychiatry 139 no. 1 (January 1982), pp. 122–124.
29. Robert Byrne, ed., The 637 Best Things Anybody Ever Said (New York: Fawcett Crest, 1982).
30. Nina Munk, “How Levi’s Trashed a Great American Brand,” Fortune 139, no. 7 (April 12, 1999), p. 82.
31. Ibid.
32. Rachel Dodes, “Levi’s Shoots for the High-End Hipster,” Wall Street Journal (April 14, 2010).
Chapter 4: Stamina
1. F. A. Worsley, Shackleton’s Boat Journey (New York: W. W. Norton, 1977), pp. 58–59.
2. Roland Huntford, Shackleton (New York: Carroll & Graf, 1999), pp. 110–113, 115.
3. Ibid., p. 145.
4. Sir Ernest Shackleton, South (New York: The Macmillan Company, 1920), p. 99.
5. Ibid., p. 91.
6. Worsley, pp. 169–170.
7. Huntford, p. 687.
8. Ibid., p. 690.
9. “Keeping Employees Healthy: Trim Staff, Fat Profits?” Economist (July 30, 2011).
10. Ibid.
11. Michelle Andrews, “Employers Roll Out Aggressive Wellness Programs,” U.S. News & World Report (October 25, 2007) http://health.usnews.com/health-news/health-plans/articles/2007/10/25/americas-best-health-plans?PageNr=3.
12. Michael E. Porter and Jennifer F. Baron, “Pitney Bowes: Employer Health Strategy,” Harvard Business Review (February 24, 2009).
13. Anatoli Boukreev and G. Weston DeWalt, The Climb: Tragic Ambitions on Everest (New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1997).
14. Jon Krakauer, Into Thin Air: A Personal Account of the Mt. Everest Disaster (New York: Villard, 1997), p. 202.
15. Shari Caudron, “Corporate Creativity Comes of Age,” Training & Development (May 1998), p. 50.
16. Worsley, p. 188.
17. Shackleton, p. 75.
18. F. A. Worsley, Endurance: An Epic of Polar Adventure (New York: W. W. Norton & Co., 1999), p. 171.
19. Huntford, p. 613.
20. Joe Simpson, Touching the Void (New York: Harper & Row, 1990), pp. 103–104.
21. Ibid., p. 113.
22. Daniel Diermeier, Reputation Rules: Strategies for Building Your Company’s Number One Asset (New York: McGraw-Hill, 2011), pp. 54–59.
23. Ibid.
Chapter 5: The Team Message
1. F. A. Worsley, Endurance: An Epic of Polar Adventure (New York: W. W. Norton & Co., 1999), p. 46.
2. Alfred Lansing, Endurance: Shackleton’s Incredible Voyage (New York: Carroll & Graf, 1998), p. 17.
3. Margery and James Fisher, Shackleton and the Antarctic (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1958), pp. 343–344.
4. Jon Krakauer, Into Thin Air: A Personal Account of the Mt. Everest Disaster (New York: Villard, 1997), p. 163.
5. Ibid., p. 241.
6. Personal interview with Joan Imhof, Branford, CT, May 7, 1999.
7. The use of the “Tap Code” was taken from the video Return with Honor (Santa Monica: American Film Foundation, 1998).
8. Deloitte IABC Excel Award Nomination: Barry Salzberg, p. 5.
9. Barry Salzberg, “Trusting a CEO in the Twitter Age,” BusinessWeek (August 7, 2009).
10. Ibid.
11. The American Business Awards website, 2010 Honorees (http://www.stevieawards.com/pubs/awards/403_2630_20412.cfm).
12. Salzberg.
13. Roland Huntford, Shackleton (New York: Carroll & Graf, 1999), p. 461.
14. Huntford, p. 467.
15. Fisher, p. 343.
16. F. A. Worsley, Shackleton’s Boat Journey (New York: W. W. Norton, 1977), p. 134.
17. Huntford, p. 424.
18. Worsley, Endurance, p. 53.
Chapter 6: Core Team Values
1. F. A. Worsley, Shackleton’s Boat Journey (New York: W. W. Norton, 1977), pp. 20–21.
2. Roland Huntford, The Last Place on Earth (New York: Atheneum, 1985), p. 523.
3. Several months after this chapter was written, Margaret Holtman came upon a piece in the New York Times Book Review (“The Race to the Bottom,” October 31, 1999, p. 43) in which Caroline Alexander makes a similar observation. My perspective on Scott was formed and written prior to the publication of the New York Times article.
4. Huntford, pp. 562–563.
5. V. E. Fuchs, “Scott and Amundsen,” Geographical Journal (July 1980) 146, no. 2, pp. 272–274.
6. Huntford, p. 151.
7. Ibid., p. 157.
8. Ibid., p. 151.
9. Ibid., p. 144.
10. Roland Huntford, Shackleton (New York: Carroll & Graf, 1999), p. 13.
11. Ibid., p. 57.
12. Ibid., p. 425.
13. Sir Ernest Shackleton, South (New York: The Macmillan Company, 1920), p. 92.
14. F. A. Worsley, Endurance: An Epic in Polar Adventure (New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 1999), p. 93.
15. Edward Lawler, From the Ground Up: Six Principles for Building the New Logic Corporation (San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 1996), p. 85.
16. Personal interview with Scott Sklar, Novato, CA, June 14, 1999.
17. Huntford, Shackleton, p. 456.
18. Worsley, Endurance, p. 106.
19. Alfred Lansing, Endurance: Shackleton’s Incredible Voyage (New York: Carroll & Graf, 1998), p. 127.
Chapter 7: Conflict
1. Roland Huntford, Shackleton (New York: Carroll & Graf, 1999), p. 435.
2. Harold Horwood in Sea Tales: The Deadly Arctic Expedition (New York: New Video Group, 1997).
3. William Laird McKinlay, Karluk: The Great Untold Story of Arctic Exploration (New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1977), p. 99.
4. George R. Stewart, Ordeal by Hunger: The Story of the Donner Party (New York: Houghton Mifflin, 1988), p. 63.
5. Ibid., p. 66.
6. Huntford, p. 26.
7. Ibid., p. 499.
8. Ibid., p. 424.
9. Ibid., p. 423.
10. Ibid., pp. 537–538.
11. Dennis N.T. Perkins, Ghosts in the Executive Suite: Every Business Is a Family Business (Branford, CT: The Syncretics Group, 1986), p. 11.
12. Huntford, p. 435.
13. Alfred Lansing, Endurance: Shackleton’s Incredible Voyage (New York: Carroll & Graf, 1998), p. 95.
Chapter 8: Lighten Up!
1. Ernest Shackleton, South: A Memoir of the Endurance Voyage (New York: Carroll & Graf, 1999), pp. 46–47.
2. Roland Huntford, Shackleton (New York: Carroll & Graf, 1999), p. 419.
3. Ibid., p. 428.
4. Ibid., p. 437.
5. Ibid., p. 468.
6. Shackleton, p. 111.
7. Alfred Lansing, Endurance: Shackleton’s Incredible Voyage (New York: Carroll & Graf, 1998), p. 206.
8. Ibid., pp. 208–209.
9. William Laird McKinlay, Karluk: The Great Untold Story of Arctic Exploration (New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1977), pp. 67–68.
10. Huntford, p. 472.
11. F. A. Worsley, Endurance: An Epic of Polar Adventure (New York: W. W. Norton & Co., 1999), pp. 53–54.
12. Huntford, p. 426.
13. Ibid., p. 448.
14. This story is based on personal correspondence with Dennis Mette on October 21, 2004, and October 4–5, 2011, and personal correspondence with John Ball on October 5, 2011. It was also reconstructed from material taken from the Manual of the Judge Advocate General final investigative report concerning the aircraft mishap involving Bureau Number 159892, which occurred on October 26, 1978; and the VP-9 Memorial Page (www.vpnavy.com/vp9586.html), which includes material from a Reader’s Digest article, “We Are Ditching, Ditching, Ditching!” by Earl and Miriam Selby, September 1979, pp. 112–118.
15. John Ball was an extra (“plus-in”) Navigator/Communicator on the flight, backing up Lieutenant (junior grade) Bruce Forshay. Andrew C. A. Jampoler, Adak: The Rescue of Alfa Foxtrot 586 (Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press, 2003), pp. 14-21.
16. Personal communication with Dennis Mette on October 4, 2004.
17. Kevin and Jackie Freiberg, Nuts! Southwest Airlines’ Crazy Recipe for Business and Personal Success (New York: Broadway Books, 1998).
18. Ibid.
Chapter 9: Risk
1. F. A. Worsley, Endurance: An Epic of Polar Adventure (New York: W. W. Norton & Co., 1999), p. 114.
2. Roland Huntford, Shackleton (New York: Carroll & Graf, 1999), p. 497.
3. Worsley, p. 65.
4. Ibid., p. 89.
5. Ernest Shackleton, South: A Memoir of the Endurance Voyage (New York: Carroll & Graf, 1999), p. 159.
6. Ibid., p. 175.
7. Sir Ernest Shackleton, South (New York: The Macmillan Company, 1920), p. 180.
8. Adrian J. Slywotzky and David J. Morrison, The Profit Zone: How Strategic Business Design Will Lead You to Tomorrow’s Profits, 2nd ed. (New York: Three Rivers Press, 2002), p. 6.
9. Phone interview with Ted Hoff, August 16, 2011.
10. Ibid.
11. Robert Grossman, “IBM’s HR Takes a Risk,” HR Magazine (April 1, 2007).
12. Ibid.
13. Ibid.
14. Phone interview with Ted Hoff, August 16, 2011.
15. Ibid.
16. Ibid.
17. Ibid.
Chapter 10: Tenacious Creativity
1. Roland Huntford, Shackleton (New York: Carroll & Graf, 1999), p. 561.
2. Distances for Steven Callahan’s journey are measured in nautical miles.
3. Steven Callahan, Adrift: Seventy-Six Days Lost at Sea (New York: Ballantine Books, 1987), pp. 138–139.
4. Ibid., pp. 222–223.
5. Ibid., p. 224.
6. Ibid., pp. 210–211.
7. Huntford, p. 462.
8. Ibid., p. 460.
9. F. A. Worsley, Endurance: An Epic of Polar Adventure (New York: W. W. Norton & Co., 1999), p. 151.
10. Ibid., p. 155.
11. Ibid., p. 156.
12. Ernest Shackleton, South: A Memoir of the Endurance Voyage (New York: Carroll & Graf, 1999), p. 208.
13. Chesley B. Sullenberger, III, Highest Duty: My Search for What Really Matters (New York: HarperCollins, 2009).
14. Dialogue for this case is taken from the official FAA transcript from the incident with punctuation and capitalization added for ease of reading: http://www.faa.gov/data_research/accident_incident/1549/media/Full%20Transcript%20L116.pdf. There were instances during the transmission when Sullenberger and the air traffic controller referred to the flight by the wrong call number.
15. Alex Caldwell, “Controller Patrick Harten Talks About Flight 1549,” ATC News (http://www.atc-network.com/News/29122/Controller-Patrick-Harten-talks-about-flight-1549).
16. Liz Robbins, “Hudson River Rescue Still Defines Upgrade of Fire Dept.’s Marine Unit,” New York Times (January 14, 2011).
17. Ibid.
18. Chesley B. Sullenberger, III, “All I Wanted Was to Talk to My Family, and Get Some Dry Socks,” Newsweek (February 12, 2009).
Chapter 11: Learning to Lead at The Edge
1. George Leonard, Mastery: The Keys to Success and Long-Term Fulfillment (New York: Plume, 1992), pp. 39–49.
2. Joe Hyams, Zen in the Martial Arts (New York: Bantam, 1982), p. 103.
3. “A Conversation with Roberto Goizueta and Jack Welch,” Fortune 132, no. 1 (December 11, 1995), p. 96.
4. David A. Nadler, Champions of Change (San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 1997), pp. 67–71.
5. “Violin a Way of Life,” Seattle Times (March 4, 1990).
6. Ibid.
Chapter 12: Epilogue
1. Sir Ernest Shackleton, South: The Story of Shackleton’s Last Expedition, 1914–17, ed. Peter King (North Pomfret: Trafalgar Square, 1992), p. 3.
2. C. Neider (ed.), Antarctica (New York: Cooper Square, 2000), p. 288.
3. Ibid., p. 267.
4. Roald Amundsen, The South Pole: An Account of the Norwegian Antarctic Expedition in the “Fram” 1910–12 (1913; reproduced with introduction by Roland Huntford, New York: Cooper Square Press, 2001), p. 370.
5. William Laird McKinlay, Karluk: The Great Untold Story of Arctic Exploration (New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1977), p. 6.
6. Ernest Shackleton, South: A Memoir of the Endurance Voyage (New York: Carroll & Graf, 1999), p. 77.
7. F. A. Worsley, Endurance: An Epic of Polar Adventure (New York: W. W. Norton & Co., 1999), p. 107.
8. F. A. Worsley, Shackleton’s Boat Journey (New York: W. W. Norton, 1977), p. 220.
Resolving Conflicts: Lessons from the Martial Arts
1. A. Westbrook and O. Ratti. Aikido and the Dynamic Sphere: An Illustrated Introduction (Rutland, VT: Charles E. Tuttle, 1970), p. 17.